新华社北京12月25日电 题：2025教育"热词"盘点 新华社"新华视点"记者 2025年，教育事业改革发展有哪些新亮点？又将带来哪些深远影响？让我们一起来回顾这一年的教育"热词"。 "免费学前教育"：惠及超过1200万人 走进广西南宁市第四幼儿园教育集团中泰园区，大班的孩子们正在开展"我的故事我创编"班级故事会。"这些孩子是国家免除幼儿园学前一年 保育教育费政策的首批受益者。"集团党支部书记陆雪梅说。 陆雪梅介绍，此前，大班幼儿的保育教育费为每人每月750元。自今年秋季学期起，这笔费用予以免除，集团有360多名孩子受益。 今年，《关于逐步推行免费学前教育的意见》印发。据有关部门测算，免收幼儿园大班保教费后，仅今年秋季一个学期，将相应减少家庭支 出200亿元，惠及超过1200万人。 意见出台后，各地迅速因地制宜推出相应方案：辽宁省财政厅、教育厅联合制发实施方案，要求据实足额落实市域内幼儿园免保育教育费财 政补助资金；四川各地市（州）明确要求，对已提前收取大班幼儿保育教育费的，要"一园一策"制定和落实退费方案…… "免费学前教育是国家推进学前教育普及普惠、安全优质发展的关键举措，保障了学前儿童平等接受教育的权利 ...

这种"被动进城"的背后，是县域教育资源的边缘化困境。近几年，"县中振兴"成为政策关注的重点，教 育部部长怀进鹏明确表示，全国60%的高中学生集中在县域中学，在办好县域中学方面，今年教育部推 出"国家县中振兴行动计划"，从加强县中布局、优化教师队伍结构、吸引和培养优秀教师到县域中学执 教三个方面着手，推进优质均衡教育发展力度，让县域中学更好地服务乡村教育。 经济工作会议12月10日至11日在北京举行。会议提出，推进教育资源布局结构调整，增加普通高中学位 供给和优质高校本科招生。 中国教育科学研究院研究员储朝晖对经济观察报表示，中央经济工作会议提出的"教育资源布局结构调 整"并非局限于某一学段，而是完整地覆盖了从幼儿园到大学的全链条教育体系。目前，我国适龄儿童 减少、人口流动与城镇化进程提速，显著影响了教育的供需关系和布局调整，其中最突出的矛盾集中在 城乡之间。 "人口流动与城镇化进程加剧了教育资源的不均衡分布。大量农村人口向城市迁移，'乡下没有好学 校'成了社会普遍共识，使得许多家庭为子女教育举家进城。"储朝晖分享了一个案例：山西一位网约车 司机因老家缺乏优质教育资源，只能将两个孩子带到城里上学，可跑车的工作根 ...

《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》提出，健全与人口变化相适应的 教育资源配置机制。近期出版发行的《党的二十届四中全会〈建议〉学习辅导百问》一书中，对"怎 样理解健全与人口变化相适应的教育资源配置机制"作出了详细解读。 2025.12. 11 本文字数：1526，阅读时长大约3分钟 作者 | 第一财经 林靖 12月10日至11日，中央经济工作会议在北京举行。此次会议部署2026年经济工作。其中在部署"坚 持民生为大，努力为人民群众多办实事"中强调，推进教育资源布局结构调整，增加普通高中学位供 给和优质高校本科招生。 近年来，出生人口变化对教育领域产生较大影响。当前，我国人口发展出现了新特征：小学在校生规 模已在2023年达峰，初中阶段预计明年达峰，高中阶段将在2029年达峰，高等教育学龄人口将在 2032年达峰。 中国教育科学研究院研究员储朝晖此前对第一财经分析，我国高等教育的毛入学率已经超过了 60%，但优质本科只是一个比较小的比例。现在的情况是，上大学不难，但上好大学比较难。而要 解决上大学不难、上好大学难的问题，就必须在高等教育上面实现扩优提质，从现有的优质的大学本 科中去推进。 ...

近年来，出生人口变化对教育领域产生较大影响。当前，我国人口发展出现了新特征：小学在校生规模 已在2023年达峰，初中阶段预计明年达峰，高中阶段将在2029年达峰，高等教育学龄人口将在2032年达 峰。 12月10日至11日，中央经济工作会议在北京举行。此次会议部署2026年经济工作。其中在部署"坚持民 生为大，努力为人民群众多办实事"中强调，推进教育资源布局结构调整，增加普通高中学位供给和优 质高校本科招生。 《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》提出，健全与人口变化相适应的教 育资源配置机制。近期出版发行的《党的二十届四中全会〈建议〉学习辅导百问》一书中，对"怎样理 解健全与人口变化相适应的教育资源配置机制"作出了详细解读。 "十五五"时期，健全与人口变化相适应的教育资源配置机制，包括了几个方面，即优化城乡基础教育资 源布局；加强跨学段动态调整和余缺调配；稳妥推进基础教育管理体制改革；优化教师管理和资源配 置；优化高等教育资源供给。 其中，在跨学段动态调整和余缺调配方面，解读文章指出，教育资源调配必须统筹考虑不同学段波峰前 的较大压力和波峰后的相对缓解，通过资源贯通衔接提高使用效益。要 ...

Group 1 - Zhejiang University announced an expansion of its undergraduate enrollment for 2025, particularly in the artificial intelligence field, and introduced a series of innovative talent training programs [1] - Several prestigious universities in China, including Tsinghua University, Peking University, and China Agricultural University, have also announced plans to increase their undergraduate enrollment, with a total increase of approximately 20,000 students aimed for this year [1][2] - The expansion of quality undergraduate education is emphasized in the "Education Strong Country Construction Plan Outline (2024-2035)" and the government work report, indicating a strategic push towards enhancing higher education quality [1][2] Group 2 - The focus of the enrollment expansion is on cultivating interdisciplinary talents in high-demand fields such as artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, biomedicine, healthcare, and renewable energy [2] - Tsinghua University is establishing a new general education college aimed at nurturing talents with AI thinking and interdisciplinary knowledge, while Renmin University is focusing on AI and smart governance in its enrollment plans [2] - Other universities, such as China Agricultural University and University of Electronic Science and Technology, are aligning their expansion with national strategic needs, particularly in areas like food security and electronic information technology [2] Group 3 - Basic disciplines and interdisciplinary studies are also receiving attention, with universities like Sichuan University and Hunan University increasing enrollment in these areas [3] - Many institutions are introducing integrated master's and bachelor's programs and dual degree options to foster innovative and interdisciplinary talents [3]

Group 1: Education Policy Overview - The central government issued an opinion to further guarantee and improve people's livelihoods, focusing on addressing urgent educational needs [1] - The Ministry of Education emphasized the need to adapt educational resource allocation to population changes, aiming to expand quantity, improve quality, and promote equity in basic education [3][4] Group 2: Basic Education Expansion - The plan includes building and renovating over 1,000 quality ordinary high schools to address the shortage of high school seats [4] - By 2024, 5,527 new or renovated primary and secondary schools will be established, adding 1.21 million public school seats [4] - The proportion of recognized quality basic education schools increased from 20.4% in 2023 to 28.9% in 2024, an increase of 8.5 percentage points [4] Group 3: High School Enrollment Trends - In 2024, high school enrollment reached 10.362 million, a record increase of 684,000 from the previous year, marking the highest growth in 20 years [5] - The number of students enrolled in high schools reached 29.223 million, with an increase of 1.187 million from the previous year [5] Group 4: Higher Education Development - The government plans to improve conditions, optimize structures, and promote industry-education integration in higher education [11] - The focus will be on increasing the enrollment of "Double First-Class" universities by 20,000 students in 2025, building new dormitories and campuses to support this expansion [11][12] Group 5: Educational Quality and Structure - The emphasis is on enhancing the quality of education alongside quantity, with a focus on balanced and equitable development [7][8] - The introduction of new programs and micro-majors in universities aims to align education with social and economic needs, enhancing students' employability [13][14]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the changes in China's higher education landscape, particularly focusing on the slight decrease in the number of candidates for the 2025 college entrance examination (Gaokao) and the implications for university admissions and competition among students [2][3]. Summary by Sections Changes in Gaokao Candidates - The number of candidates for the 2025 Gaokao is 13.35 million, a decrease of 70,000 from the previous year, marking the end of a seven-year growth trend [2]. - Despite the decrease, the number of candidates remains high, indicating that competition for quality undergraduate programs, especially at prestigious universities, will still be intense [2]. Higher Education Landscape - The establishment of new institutions, such as Fuyao University, which plans to enroll 50 students with a budget of 800 million yuan, reflects a shift in the higher education market [3]. - Some private universities are struggling with enrollment, with shortfalls reaching thousands, necessitating adjustments in their educational offerings and recruitment strategies [3]. Enrollment and Admission Trends - From 2018 to 2024, the number of Gaokao candidates increased from 9.75 million to 13.42 million, a growth of nearly 38% over seven years [5]. - The admission rates for ordinary and vocational undergraduate programs rose from 81.13% in 2018 to 92.89% in 2021, but have since declined to 79.65% in 2024 due to the increasing number of candidates [11]. Regional Disparities - There are notable regional differences in Gaokao enrollment, with some provinces experiencing declines while others see increases. For example, Yunnan's candidates decreased by 12,600, while Gansu's increased by approximately 6,000 [7][8]. Quality of Education and Enrollment Expansion - The government aims to expand the enrollment of high-quality undergraduate programs, with plans to increase the number of spots at "Double First Class" universities by 20,000 in 2025 [13]. - Several top universities, including Tsinghua and Peking University, have announced plans to increase their enrollment numbers, focusing on emerging fields and interdisciplinary studies [14][15]. Challenges for Private Universities - Many private universities face significant enrollment challenges, with some needing to resort to collecting additional applications after the initial admission process due to unfilled spots [16][18]. - The quality of students admitted through these additional rounds may be lower, impacting the overall educational standards of these institutions [19]. Overall Educational Landscape - Despite fluctuations in admission rates, the overall trend indicates that most candidates can access higher education, with distinctions primarily between vocational and undergraduate programs [20].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the expansion of undergraduate enrollment in "Double First-Class" universities in China, highlighting a strategic shift towards quality over quantity in higher education, particularly in response to national development needs and industry demands [4][6][15]. Group 1: Enrollment Expansion - The National Development and Reform Commission aims to increase the enrollment scale of "Double First-Class" universities by 20,000 students in 2025, following an increase of 16,000 students last year [2][6]. - Top universities such as Tsinghua and Peking University have announced plans to expand undergraduate enrollment in cutting-edge fields like artificial intelligence [4][5]. - In Guangdong, universities like Sun Yat-sen University plan to increase their undergraduate enrollment by 90 students in 2025, contributing to a broader trend of gradual enrollment increases across the region [12][13]. Group 2: Strategic Focus Areas - The expansion of enrollment is primarily directed towards "bottleneck" disciplines such as artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, and biomedicine, as well as foundational and interdisciplinary fields [15][18]. - The emphasis on quality expansion aligns with the national strategy to cultivate high-quality innovative talents needed for economic development and technological advancement [8][16]. - The article notes that the enrollment increase is not merely about numbers but aims to address specific market needs and enhance the quality of education [5][9]. Group 3: Regional Implications - The article highlights that the Guangdong region is experiencing a notable trend of enrollment expansion, with universities gradually increasing their capacities to meet local economic demands [11][14]. - The "Million Talents Gathering in South Guangdong" initiative reflects the region's desire to attract high-level talents, emphasizing the importance of aligning educational offerings with industry needs [17]. - The development of interdisciplinary programs in response to technological advancements is seen as crucial for fostering innovation and meeting the demands of emerging industries [18].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the expansion of high-quality undergraduate programs in China, highlighting the increase in enrollment numbers at top universities while also addressing the reduction of liberal arts programs, suggesting a shift towards interdisciplinary studies and the integration of liberal arts with science and technology [1][2][3]. Group 1: Expansion of Undergraduate Programs - The Chinese government aims to increase the enrollment of "double first-class" universities, with an additional 20,000 students planned for 2025, following a previous increase of 16,000 students [1]. - Tsinghua University and Peking University have announced plans to expand their undergraduate admissions by 150 students each, focusing on fields such as artificial intelligence and clinical medicine [5][6]. - Other 985 universities, including Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Xi'an Jiaotong University, are also expanding their enrollment, with a focus on emerging fields like AI, integrated circuits, and biomedical sciences [5][7]. Group 2: Reduction of Liberal Arts Programs - The trend of reducing liberal arts programs has sparked discussions, with Fudan University's president stating that the proportion of liberal arts admissions will decrease from 30-40% to 20% [2][9]. - Despite the reduction, data from the C9 university alliance indicates that liberal arts programs will not disappear, but rather undergo adjustments to better align with societal needs [9][11]. - The article emphasizes that while liberal arts may face cuts, they still hold significant importance in comprehensive universities, with a substantial number of students and faculty dedicated to these fields [11][13]. Group 3: Interdisciplinary Focus - The article suggests that the future of liberal arts lies in interdisciplinary integration, with universities developing programs that combine liberal arts with science and technology [3][15]. - Examples include Tsinghua University offering cross-disciplinary programs in political economy and creative design, and Fudan University launching new programs like neurolinguistics and data intelligence [18][19]. - The shift towards interdisciplinary studies is seen as a response to the evolving job market and societal demands, indicating a need for graduates who possess a blend of skills from both liberal arts and sciences [16][17].