2015年1月，深圳。 时任总理李克强来到前海，在一台电脑前敲下回车键，一名卡车司机就拿到了3.5万元贷款。 这是微众银行的第一笔贷款业务。作为中国第一家互联网民营银行，诞生于互联网豪门，"掏空了平安甚至半个深圳金融界"的微众银行，被视为普惠金融创 新的最前沿。 这位从微众银行筹备时干起的"老将"，在苦等11年后，也终于坐上了行长之位。 只是这个位子并不好坐。微众银行平静的表面下，是十年狂奔里产生的各种风险，随时都会爆发。 虽是元老，黄黎明的行长之路，颇有些坎坷。 2014年7月，微众银行获批筹建之际，黄黎明是筹备组组长。 十年之后，微众银行不负众望，资产规模突破7000亿元，稳坐中国民营银行一哥的宝座。 但光芒之下，是浓重的阴影。 营收和净利润自2014年成立以来，首度出现"双降"； 继2024年被罚1387万元，成为民营银行罚单之最后，微众银行的合规问题仍未改善； 净息差显著走低，下沉市场风险日渐暴露，流量红利消退后，微众银行急需下一个增长点。 11月14日，黄黎明任职资格获批，这意味着微众银行正式迎来了第三任行长。 按照惯例，筹备组组长通常会在银行成立后担任一把手。但5个月后，微众银行开业时，行长却是" ...

以下文章来源于风财眼 ，作者银行财眼 风财眼 . 风财眼致力于银行领域的原创报道，旨在履行媒体监督职责，以期共营健康的金融环境。 近日，深圳金融监管局一纸批复，正式核准黄黎明担任微众银行行长任职资格。这位参与筹建并深耕十年的元老级高管，将正式接过李南青手中的"帅 印"，成为这家民营银行开业11年来的第三任行长。 作为微众银行的核心盈利支柱，微粒贷的成功模式也正在遭遇增长瓶颈。一方面，个人有效客户数量增速明显放缓，2024年新增个人有效客户仅2500万， 较2021年近乎腰斩；另一方面，在多家银行消费贷利率降至3%甚至以下的大环境下，"微粒贷"7.2%的优惠年利率，竞争力不足。其笔均贷款额度也从2021 年的约8000元降至2024年的7200元。2024年末，微众银行的个人消费贷款降至2027.75亿元，降幅5.53%。 | | | | (货币单位:人民币千元) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 项目 | 2024年12月31日 | 2023 年 12 月 31 日 | 本年末比上年末增减 | | 企业贷款 | 215,533,024 | 182,369,784 | 18.18% | ...

意见领袖丨中国金融杂志 作者 | 王忠民'全国社保基金理事会原副理事长'AI金融时代的来临，意味着从技术深耕到生态重构的深 度探索，使金融服务实现精准化、普惠化、生态化升级 AI金融时代的来临，意味着从技术深耕到生态重构的深度探索，使金融服务实现精准化、普惠化、生 态化升级。金融融入"AI原生"的新型经济模型，让产业增长具备自我加速、自我进化的能力。对居民而 言，智能客服的语义理解能力则让人力得以专注于处理更复杂的需求。这一转型本质上是金融从规模经 济向范围经济的跃迁，数据要素的边际成本趋近于零，实现"长尾服务"。构建"技术突破—数据治理— 伦理合规"的协同框架，重塑消费与金融服务模式，共同创造全新商业需求。这也正是国务院2025年8月 发布的《关于深入实施"人工智能+"行动的意见》赋予金融业推动人工智能与金融业务的深度融合，形 成"技术赋能金融、金融服务实体"的任务所在。在国内刚需与国际竞争日趋加剧的趋势下，AI时代的中 国金融品牌保持世界领先水平应有强烈的紧迫性。 AI成为推动银行品牌高质量发展的重要引擎之一 《关于深入实施"人工智能+"行动的意见》明确提出，到2027年金融领域智能终端普及率超70%，2 ...

Core Viewpoint - The new regulation mandates commercial banks to manage third-party cooperation lists for internet lending, effective from October 1, 2025, impacting foreign bank branches and other financial institutions [1]. Group 1: Regulatory Changes - Commercial banks are required to disclose and manage lists of platform operators and credit enhancement service providers through official channels [1]. - Banks are prohibited from collaborating with institutions not on the approved list for internet lending services [1]. Group 2: Current Practices - Many banks and consumer finance companies have begun to disclose their lists of marketing, credit enhancement, and collection service partners on their official websites [2]. - A review of 19 private banks revealed that 16 have disclosed their third-party cooperation lists, while some banks like Wenzhou Minsheng Bank have not found any third-party collaborations [3][4]. Group 3: Insights from Third-Party Collaborations - The disclosed cooperation lists show significant variation among private banks, reflecting their unique advantages and challenges [6]. - For instance, WeBank has the highest number of disclosed third-party collection service providers, totaling over 300 [9][10]. Group 4: Trends in Collaboration - Many mid-tier and smaller private banks rely heavily on mainstream pure lending platforms for their third-party collaborations, indicating a trend towards consolidation in the sector [12]. - Some banks, like Jincheng Bank and Fumin Bank, have minimal third-party collaborations, focusing instead on partnerships with major firms [13]. Group 5: Market Dynamics - The landscape of third-party cooperation among private banks is rapidly diversifying, with leading institutions becoming platforms for other financial entities [25]. - Mid-tier banks are facing profitability pressures, leading to a reduction in small and micro-enterprise loan collaborations [27][28].

Core Insights - Shenzhen Zhongke Cloud Information Technology Co., Ltd. (Zhongke Cloud) has gained international recognition as Canadian students purchased its domestic mini-host at a price exceeding the product's cost, highlighting the company's ambition to leverage Chinese technology for global expansion [1][4] - The challenges faced by small and micro enterprises like Zhongke Cloud in overseas markets stem from a conflict between market opportunities and funding constraints, particularly due to a lack of overseas collateral and cross-border credit history [1][5] Company Overview - Zhongke Cloud was established in 2018 with a mission to expand internationally, evolving from chip distribution to independent research and development of complete machines and circuit boards [4] - The company has achieved significant growth, with a revenue of 61 million yuan in 2024, reflecting a nearly 50% year-on-year increase, indicating the market potential for domestic technology products [4] Funding Challenges - Small and micro enterprises face common difficulties in overseas expansion, particularly in Hong Kong, where traditional financing requires local collateral and credit history, creating a significant barrier to accessing funds [5] - Zhongke Cloud has utilized digital financing products like WeBank's "Micro Business Loan" to secure credit in mainland China, but struggles to find similar support in Hong Kong [5] Technological Solutions - The launch of the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Cross-Border Data Verification Platform in May 2024 serves as a key solution to bridge the financing gap by allowing Hong Kong financial institutions to recognize credit information from mainland enterprises without requiring cross-border data transfer [6][8] - This platform enables a new financing model that does not rely on traditional collateral, significantly lowering the barriers for small and micro enterprises to access funding [8] Financial Ecosystem - The successful implementation of the "Overseas Loan" is a result of collaboration between WeBank and Fusion Bank, creating a complementary financial ecosystem that supports small and micro enterprises in their international endeavors [9][10] - WeBank focuses on domestic small and micro enterprises, while Fusion Bank leverages its international financial capabilities to meet the financing needs of businesses operating in Hong Kong and globally [9] Future Outlook - The collaboration between WeBank and Fusion Bank exemplifies a shift towards a unified financial ecosystem that supports the globalization of Chinese enterprises, with digital technology replacing traditional collateral as the basis for credit [12] - As the Greater Bay Area continues to integrate, this model is expected to empower more domestic technology companies to expand internationally, realizing the vision of "Chinese technology, benefiting the world" [12]

Core Insights - The article highlights the challenges faced by small and micro enterprises in China, particularly in securing financing for overseas expansion, which is crucial for their success in international markets [1][3]. Group 1: Company Overview - Zhongke Cloud, founded by Gong Wenbin, has transitioned from chip distribution to developing and selling complete machines and boards, achieving significant growth in a short period [2]. - The company recorded a revenue of 61 million yuan in 2024, marking a nearly 50% increase from the previous year, despite its relatively small size [2]. Group 2: Challenges in Overseas Expansion - Small enterprises often struggle with financing due to a lack of overseas assets that can serve as collateral, making it difficult to secure traditional loans [1][3]. - High costs associated with cross-border logistics and customs fees, along with long payment cycles for overseas orders, create cash flow pressures that deter companies from accepting larger orders [2][3]. Group 3: Financing Solutions - The introduction of "Overseas Loan" by Fuyuan Bank represents a breakthrough for small enterprises, allowing them to access loans without collateral or financial statements, thus addressing their financing challenges [3][4]. - The cross-border data verification platform launched in May 2024 enables efficient validation of credit information, facilitating loans of up to 2.7 million HKD for Zhongke Cloud [3][6]. Group 4: Financial Innovation and Collaboration - The collaboration between WeBank and Fuyuan Bank exemplifies innovative financial solutions tailored to the needs of small enterprises looking to expand internationally [5][6]. - The "Overseas Loan" model enhances credit access by converting domestic business credit into overseas financing capabilities, thus simplifying the loan process for small enterprises [6][7].

Core Insights - The implementation of the new regulations on internet lending by commercial banks is prompting foreign banks in China to disclose their internet loan cooperation partners [1][11] - Several foreign banks have announced their partnerships with various institutions, including major players like WeBank and Ant Group [2][3] Summary by Category Regulatory Context - The new regulations, effective from October 1, aim to enhance the management of internet lending by commercial banks, addressing issues such as inadequate management and consumer protection [11] - The regulations require banks to adopt a list management approach for their cooperation with platform operators and credit enhancement service providers [11] Foreign Banks' Partnerships - Fubon Bank (China) has the highest number of disclosed partners at 52, including WeBank and Haier Consumer Finance [3][4] - Other banks like Hana Bank (China) and Kiatnakin Bank (China) also reported significant partnerships, with 23 and 14 institutions respectively [3][5] - Standard Chartered Bank (China) has disclosed five partners along with specific products, such as "Micro Business Loan" in collaboration with WeBank [6][7] Product Offerings - Various foreign banks are diversifying their product offerings through partnerships, with East Asia Bank (China) collaborating with Ant Group for "Ant Credit Loan" and WeBank for "Micro Loan" [8][9] - The cooperation models vary, with some banks fully funding loans while others share the investment with partners [8] Market Trends - Foreign banks are increasingly focusing on corporate business, with some ceasing personal banking operations in mainland China [8][10] - Citibank and HSBC have previously divested their personal wealth management businesses in China, indicating a shift in strategy towards corporate clients [10] Challenges Faced - Foreign banks are encountering regulatory and localization challenges, with some facing penalties from regulatory authorities [10]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles emphasizes the need for enhanced financial consumer protection education for small and micro enterprises to combat illegal loan intermediaries that disrupt financial market order [1][3][6] - Micro enterprises play a crucial role in China's private economy, contributing to employment, economic growth, and market innovation [3] - The financial environment for small and micro enterprises has improved, with increased access to financing due to government initiatives and financial institutions' support [3][4] Group 2 - Micro enterprises are facing threats from illegal loan intermediaries that exploit their urgent financing needs, leading to fraud and disruption of normal financial order [3][4] - To combat these threats, WeBank has developed a prevention concept encapsulated in "ear sharp, eyes clear, heart steady," aimed at enhancing the ability of small enterprises to identify and resist fraud [3][6] - WeBank has organized various online and offline activities, including the production of anti-fraud videos and interactive exhibitions, to raise awareness and educate small business owners about financial safety [1][4][6] Group 3 - WeBank's micro loan product, "Weiyedai," has attracted 6 million applications, showcasing its effectiveness in providing convenient and efficient financing services to small enterprises [4] - The bank has conducted offline promotional activities in key areas of Shenzhen, enhancing communication between digital finance and small business owners [4][6] - A collaborative approach involving WeBank, local police, and media aims to transition from isolated efforts to a systematic governance model for combating illegal loan intermediaries [6]

Core Viewpoint - Foreign banks are quietly entering the Chinese consumer loan market, revealing their localization strategies through recent disclosures of internet loan partnerships [1][2]. Regulatory Changes - The new regulations on internet lending, effective from October 1, 2025, are prompting foreign banks to disclose their internet loan partners, reflecting a strategic shift in response to regulatory compliance [2][8]. Strategic Partnerships - Several foreign banks, including Hana Bank and Standard Chartered, have announced partnerships with various platforms for internet loans, indicating a clear strategic layout in the consumer credit market [3][4]. - Fubon Bank has the most diverse partnerships, collaborating with 52 institutions, including banks, consumer finance companies, and tech firms, showcasing a comprehensive ecosystem approach [4]. Diverse Business Models - The cooperation models among foreign banks are varied, including pure referral models, joint lending with shared risks, and guarantee enhancement services, reflecting differentiated strategies based on risk preferences [6][9]. - Major platforms like Ant Group and WeBank frequently appear in partnerships, indicating a preference for established players to enhance competitiveness and stability [6]. Challenges and Opportunities - Foreign banks face dual challenges in the Chinese market: high compliance costs and competition from local platforms that dominate customer acquisition [7]. - The new regulations present both challenges and opportunities, as they require banks to manage partnerships more carefully and focus on compliance to maintain reputation and asset quality [8][9].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant transformation of Shenzhen into a global financial hub over 45 years, emphasizing the role of financial innovation and digital banking, particularly through the example of WeBank, which aims to provide inclusive financial services through technology [1][2][3]. Group 1: Shenzhen's Financial Evolution - Shenzhen has evolved from a fishing village to an international metropolis, driven by reform and innovation [1]. - The city has become a pioneer in financial reform, with substantial policy support from the government to enhance its financial sector [1]. - WeBank, as a product of this financial innovation, embodies Shenzhen's spirit of openness and innovation [2][3]. Group 2: WeBank's Technological Innovations - WeBank, established in December 2014, is China's first private and digital bank, focusing on serving small and micro enterprises and the general public [3][4]. - The bank has maintained over 50% of its workforce in technology roles and has consistently invested a significant portion of its revenue in IT, positioning itself as a leader in global banking technology [4][6]. - WeBank's distributed architecture, Openhive, supports a flexible and scalable banking system, enabling rapid innovation and high availability [6][7]. Group 3: Achievements in Digital Finance - WeBank has achieved a peak transaction volume of over 1.4 billion daily transactions, demonstrating its robust system capabilities [8]. - The bank's products have a service availability rate exceeding 99.999%, providing near-zero interruption in financial services [8]. - WeBank has served over 420 million individual customers and more than 600,000 small and micro enterprises, showcasing its commitment to inclusive finance [9]. Group 4: Contributions to Industry and Ecosystem - WeBank actively participates in open-source projects, having initiated 38 projects and developed a significant community around AI and blockchain technologies [11]. - The bank has facilitated cross-border data verification platforms in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, enhancing data flow and financial services [12]. - WeBank is transitioning towards becoming an "AI-native bank," leveraging advancements in AI to transform its operations and service delivery [14][15]. Group 5: Future Directions - The bank aims to integrate deeply with Shenzhen's ongoing reform and innovation initiatives, focusing on providing high-quality financial services to the public and small businesses [16]. - WeBank is committed to continuous technological advancements and aims to lead the digital finance sector in the coming years [16].