从机构部门看，广义政府外债余额为29062亿元人民币（等值4049亿美元），占16%；中央银行外 债余额为8077亿元人民币（等值1125亿美元），占5%；银行外债余额为77143亿元人民币（等值10747 亿美元），占44%；其他部门（含关联公司间贷款）外债余额为61685亿元人民币（等值8593亿美 元），占35%。 国家外汇管理局近日公布的2025年3月末中国全口径外债数据显示，截至2025年3月末，我国全口径 （含本外币）外债余额为175967亿元人民币（等值24514亿美元，不包括中国香港特区、中国澳门特区 和中国台湾地区对外负债，下同）。 我国外债主要指标均在国际公认的安全线以内，我国外债风险总体可控。 从期限结构看，中长期外债余额为74248亿元人民币（等值10344亿美元），占42%；短期外债余额 为101719亿元人民币（等值14170亿美元），占58%。短期外债余额中，与贸易有关的信贷占33%。 责任编辑：杨喜亭 从债务工具看，贷款余额为23585亿元人民币（等值3285亿美元），占13%；贸易信贷与预付款余 额为26904亿元人民币（等值3748亿美元），占15%；货币与存款余额为339 ...

Core Viewpoint - The global economic governance paradigm is undergoing profound evolution, characterized by the shift from a single power structure to a more collaborative and shared governance model, emphasizing multilateral participation and institutional restructuring [6][10]. Group 1: Global Economic Governance Changes - The current global economic governance is influenced by geopolitical conflicts, rising protectionism, and the acceleration of digital and green transformations, leading to a weakening of global growth momentum [6][12]. - The restructuring of financial order is a significant manifestation of adjustments in global governance, highlighting the need for a diversified sovereign currency coexistence and orderly competition [7][12]. - The role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Special Drawing Rights (SDR) is evolving from crisis response to regular operation, enhancing their integration into trade, financing, and reserve systems [7][21]. Group 2: China's Role in Global Governance - China is transitioning from a rule-taker to a rule-maker in global economic governance, promoting high-level opening-up and aligning with international high-standard trade rules [8][12]. - The country is developing a comprehensive policy framework around digital payments, green finance, and data regulation, aiming to create replicable international governance solutions [8][12]. - China's commitment to multilateralism and shared development is evident in its efforts to enhance institutional compatibility and participation depth within the global governance system [7][8]. Group 3: Future Governance Paradigms - The future of global economic governance remains undefined, with key variables including the restructuring of multilateral mechanisms, the rule-based advancement of technological governance, and the diversification of the international monetary system [8][10]. - Balancing national sovereignty with global cooperation, efficiency with fairness, and risk prevention with innovation will be crucial for the effectiveness and sustainability of future governance frameworks [8][12].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the evolution of the international monetary system, particularly the rise of the euro and the yuan, with the yuan becoming the second-largest trade financing currency globally and the third-largest payment currency [1][2] - The People's Bank of China Governor Pan Gongsheng emphasized that the international monetary system is moving towards a multipolar development, which will enhance the resilience of the system and maintain global economic stability [2][3] - The backdrop of these developments includes a decline in confidence in the US dollar due to aggressive tariff policies, prompting a shift towards Asian currencies and the euro [2] Group 2 - Pan Gongsheng announced eight policy measures to be implemented in Shanghai, aimed at establishing a digital yuan international operation center and enhancing the financial infrastructure [3] - Foreign financial institutions, including Singapore's UOB and Kyrgyzstan's Eldik Bank, expressed intentions to join China's Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS), indicating growing international interest in the yuan [3]

如何应对不确定性与货币体系变革？ 当前，全球经济面临高度不确定性。国际货币基金组织（IMF）4月预测显示，2025年全球经济增长可能由2024年的3.3%放缓至2.8%。若全球贸易转向更高 关税框架，IMF进一步预测2025年增长率或仅为1.7%，增幅显著承压。与此同时，全球高债务状况亦遭受严重冲击。在此背景下，通胀风险已成为普遍关 切。 （摄影：吴军） 无机构、无工具、无共识 当前全球货币政策格局呈现显著分化与多重失衡。新兴市场面临资本流动加速、货币贬值和贸易不确定性等多重压力，而发达经济体则需在抑制通胀、支持 增长和防范债务风险间寻求平衡。在此背景下，货币政策目标多元化，各国政策分歧加剧。 在十二届全国政协副主席、中国人民银行原行长周小川看来，当前全球宏观经济调控似乎陷入了"三无"困境，即无机构、无工具、无共识：首先，缺乏一个 明确的全球性机构来统筹负责这一重要事务。其次，调控手段也相对匮乏，虽然有特别提款权（SDR）这一工具，但它更多被视为一种记账单位，实际应用 范围和影响力有限。最后，国际社会在宏观调控方面尚未达成广泛共识。 "加强全球货币政策协调面临巨大挑战。"新加坡金融管理局副行长梁新松强调，各国 ...

Group 1: International Monetary System - The international monetary system is evolving towards a multipolar structure, which can enhance the resilience of the system and maintain global economic stability [3][4] - There is a growing discussion on reducing reliance on a single sovereign currency and promoting a few strong sovereign currencies to create a competitive mechanism [3][4] - The Special Drawing Rights (SDR) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is highlighted as a potential super-sovereign currency that could better fulfill global public goods functions [4][5] Group 2: Cross-Border Payment System - The cross-border payment system is crucial for international trade and financial stability, but traditional systems face challenges such as inefficiency and high costs [7][8] - There is a trend towards diversification in the cross-border payment system, with more countries using local currencies for settlements and new payment systems emerging [7][8] - Emerging technologies like blockchain are reshaping the payment landscape, enabling faster and more efficient cross-border transactions [8] Group 3: Global Financial Stability System - The global financial stability system has seen reforms post-2008 financial crisis, but new challenges have emerged, including fragmented regulatory frameworks and insufficient oversight of digital finance [9][10] - There is a need for stronger international cooperation to prevent regulatory arbitrage and ensure consistent global financial regulations [10] - The role of non-bank intermediaries has increased, necessitating enhanced regulatory measures to address their stability and transparency issues [10] Group 4: Governance of International Financial Organizations - There is an urgent call for reform in international financial organizations to better reflect the economic positions of emerging markets and developing countries [11][12] - The current voting rights and shares in organizations like the IMF do not align with the actual economic status of member countries, necessitating adjustments [12] - Enhancing the governance efficiency and representation of emerging economies is essential for maintaining true multilateralism [12]

Core Viewpoint - The global monetary system is at a critical juncture, transitioning from a "dollar-dominated" structure to a "multipolar coexistence" model, with the evolution of currencies like the Renminbi becoming a focal point for observing emerging market countries' pathways [1][3]. Group 1: Current Monetary Landscape - The current global monetary system is still centered around the US dollar, which faces historic challenges due to unilateral policies from the US, particularly under the Trump administration, impacting the dollar's credibility as a global trade and reserve currency [3][4]. - The dollar's share in global foreign exchange reserves has decreased to 60%, down from a peak of 73%, indicating a weakening position as emerging market central banks diversify their reserves, including increasing gold holdings [3][4]. Group 2: Future Currency Competitors - Potential competitors to the dollar include the Euro and the Renminbi, with the Euro needing to establish a fiscal union and enhance financial integration to strengthen its position [4][5]. - The Renminbi, while not fully convertible, has the potential to become a global reserve currency, supported by initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, which expand its cross-border usage [4][5]. Group 3: Proposed Solutions for Monetary Reform - Industry experts suggest creating a "willing alliance" for a multilateral mechanism, leveraging regional institutions like the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank to foster non-US-led cooperation [5][6]. - A gradual reform of the monetary system is proposed, including expanding the International Monetary Fund's Special Drawing Rights (SDR) basket to alleviate the pressure of dollar dominance and increase the Renminbi's weight [7][8]. Group 4: Digital Currency Innovations - The future of the global monetary system may hinge on technological innovations such as digital currencies and inclusive institutional frameworks, with discussions on how the US, Europe, and China are approaching digital currency development [8].