中经记者 谭伦 北京报道 日前，在低调官宣2纳米制程已于2025年第四季度正式量产后，台积电披露下一代1.4纳米工艺研发工作 也已顺利展开，其相关工厂建设正加速推进。按照既有节奏，其1.4纳米工艺的风险性试产工作预期将 于2027年启动。 这一系列的进展，在巩固台积电在晶圆代工领域霸主地位的同时，也宣告全球半导体物理制造极限的产 业竞争正式进入全新的1纳米时代。在当前的全球半导体制造版图中，台积电占据绝对主导，三星奋力 追赶，英特尔则试图通过技术革新实现弯道超车。其中，三星电子希望通过率先应用GAA（全环绕栅 极）架构实现"弯道超车"；昔日霸主英特尔则在"五年四个节点"战略的驱动下，试图通过制程之争重回 巅峰。 目前，台积电尚未披露采用其1.4纳米制程的客户名单。但据媒体报道称，苹果已拿下台积电2纳米初期 半数以上的产能，用于生产A20和A20 Pro芯片，因此，市场预计其大概率会再度成为1.4纳米的最大客 户。 对此，CHIP中国实验室主任罗国昭向《中国经营报》记者表示，半导体先进制程的研发素来紧凑，量 产一代之际，下一代的预研便已开始。考虑到当前全球市场对AI算力的巨大需求，2纳米至1.4纳米的过 渡间隔 ...

Core Insights - Qualcomm and MediaTek are preparing to adopt TSMC's advanced 2nm N2P process node in their next-generation chip designs, aiming to surpass Apple in process technology [1] - Apple plans to launch its A20 and A20 Pro chips on TSMC's initial 2nm N2 process, while Qualcomm's Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 6 and MediaTek's Dimensity 9600 will leap directly to the improved N2P node [1][2] - TSMC's 2nm process is expected to become a scarce resource, with monthly production capacity projected to be only 15,000 to 20,000 wafers by the end of 2025 [1][3] Industry Competition - The competition in process technology is intensifying, with Apple holding a significant technological advantage [2] - Qualcomm's Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 6 is expected to support LPDDR6 memory and UFS 5.0 storage standards, while MediaTek plans to release the Dimensity 9600 on the N2P node [2] - Apple's experience in developing custom CPU and GPU cores has led to a notable performance improvement of up to 29% in the efficiency core of the A19 Pro without increasing power consumption [2] Capacity Constraints - Apple has reportedly secured over half of the initial 2nm capacity supply, a strategy aimed at maintaining its competitive edge [3] - In response to capacity limitations, Qualcomm and MediaTek's shift to the N2P process may provide a viable option for securing sufficient wafer supply [3] - Analysts expect TSMC's 2nm process to become a scarce resource next year, making the choice of N2P process potentially beneficial for Android chip manufacturers seeking stable capacity [3]