长期以来，人们一直认为肺癌是吸烟者的疾病。然而，随着世界许多国家和地区的烟草使用量的下降，一个令人担忧的趋势出现了： 从不吸烟者患肺癌的比例正 在上升 。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 肺癌 是全世界发病率最高的癌症 ，也是全世界癌症死亡的最主要原因，据 世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构 （IARC） 于 2024 年 发布的最新评估数据，肺癌每 年新增 248 万例，导致 180 万人死亡 。 从不吸烟者肺癌 （LCINS） 约占所有肺癌病例的 25%，这类肺癌对女性的影响尤为严重，尤其是亚裔女性，而且在东亚国家比在西方国家更为普遍。 一项发表于 Nature 期刊的最新研究，提供了令人信服的基因组证据，表明了 空气污染、 传统中草药以及其他环境因素是从不吸烟者肺癌的主要潜在因素。 | 国际顶尖学术期刊 | Nature | 。论文通讯作者为美国国家癌症研究所 | Maria Teresa Landi | | 研究员和加州大学圣地 | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 该研究以： 亚哥分校 | The mutagenic f ...

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 旧石器时代早期 的 木制工具 极为罕见 ，此前仅发现过两件，一件位于欧洲，另一件位于非洲，这件木质工具均为狩猎用具。 2025 年 7 月 3 日，中国科学院古脊椎动物 与古人类研究所 高星 研究员、 澳大利亚卧龙岗大学 李波 教授作为 共同通讯作者 （ 云南省文物考古研究所 刘建辉 为第一作者， 阮齐军 为第二作者 ） 等在国际顶尖学术期刊 Science 上发表了题为： 300,000-year-old wooden tools from Gantangqing, southwest China 的研究论文。 研究团队 在 云南的 甘棠箐遗址 发现了 35 件保存完好的 木制工具 ，距今约 30 万年，并进一步证明了这些 木制工具是由古人类加工制作并用于 挖掘地下植物 食材，表明了 在中更新世的东亚地区，木质工具可能在古人类的生存和适应过程中发挥了重要作用。 甘棠箐遗址 是在云南省玉溪市发现的第一个中更新世旧石器时代旷野遗址，它的发现、发掘和研究为中国旧石器早期文化的对比研究提供了宝贵材料，遗址中发 现的木制工具，填补了中国旧石器时代木器研究的空白。 在这项最新研究中，研究体报 ...

Core Viewpoint - Tirzepatide, developed by Eli Lilly, is a dual agonist for GIP and GLP-1 receptors, recently approved by the FDA for weight loss under the brand name Zepbound™ and previously for type 2 diabetes as Mounjaro™. It is noted as the most effective weight loss drug currently available, having set multiple records in clinical trials for weight reduction [2]. Summary by Sections FDA Approval and Indications - Tirzepatide received FDA approval in November 2023 for weight loss and has also been approved for type 2 diabetes treatment. It has now gained a third indication for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults, as announced by the NMPA in China [2]. Clinical Trial Results - The SURMOUNT-OSA trial demonstrated that Tirzepatide significantly reduced the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and body weight in patients with moderate to severe OSA and obesity. In a 52-week treatment period, patients lost an average of 20% of their body weight, and AHI decreased by an average of 27 times per hour [2][7][11]. Efficacy Metrics - In the SURMOUNT-OSA study, patients treated with Tirzepatide experienced a 55% reduction in AHI compared to a 5% reduction in the placebo group. The average weight loss in the Tirzepatide group was 18.1%, while the placebo group saw only a 1.3% reduction [8][9]. Safety Profile - The overall safety of Tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-OSA studies was consistent with previous trials, with gastrointestinal issues being the most commonly reported adverse events, generally mild to moderate in severity [12]. Market Potential - The success of the SURMOUNT-OSA trials indicates a significant advancement in addressing the unmet clinical need for OSA treatment, positioning Tirzepatide as a potential first pharmacological therapy for this condition [12]. Demographics of Study Participants - Approximately 70% of participants in the studies were male, with evidence suggesting that Tirzepatide may have a more pronounced weight loss effect in females [11].

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 热纳米光子学 在从能源技术到信息处理等各类技术应用中实现了根本性的突破。从热辐射源到热光伏和热 伪装，精确的光谱工程一直受困于反复试验的方法。与此同时， 机器学习 （ Machine Learning ） 在纳 米光子学和超材料的设计方面展现出了强大的能力。 然而，开发一种通用的设计方法来定制具有超宽带控制和精确带选择性的高性能纳米光子辐射源仍是一项 重大挑战，因为它们受到预定义的几何形状和材料、局部优化陷阱以及传统算法的限制。 2025 年 7 月 2 日，上海交通大学 周涵 教授 、 张荻 教授 、新加坡国立大学 仇成伟 教授 、德克萨斯大 学奥斯汀分校 郑跃兵 教授作为共同通讯作者 （上海交通大学 Chengyu Xiao 为第一作者 ） 在 Nature 期 刊发表了题为： Ultrabroadband and band-selective thermal meta-emitters by machine learning 的研 究论文。 该研究提出了一种基于 机器学习 （ Machine Learning ） 的 通用框架，设计出了 多种超宽带和带选择性 的热元辐射源 （ ...

微信加群 广州国家实验室李亦学课题组博士后招聘启事 为促进前沿研究的传播和交流，我们组建了多个 专业交流群 ，长按下方二维码，即可添加小编微信 进群，由于申请人数较多，添加微信时请备注： 学校 / 专业 / 姓名 ，如果是 PI / 教授 ，还请注明。 注 ：本公众号免费为各科研机构及课题组发布博后招聘广告，请将需要发布的材料以Word文档形式发送到 邮箱：genecong@163.com。 ...

Core Viewpoint - Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including liver, stomach, pancreatic, neuroendocrine tumors, and colorectal cancer, are major causes of cancer-related deaths globally, accounting for approximately 24.6% of all cancer diagnoses and 34.2% of cancer deaths [2] Group 1: Cancer Statistics and Challenges - Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in incidence and second in mortality among all cancers globally, while pancreatic cancer, despite its lower incidence, has the highest mortality rate [2] - Effective screening strategies are primarily limited to CRC, stomach, and esophageal cancers, leading to late-stage diagnoses in many cases, often with no possibility of cure [2] - Nearly 50% of patients diagnosed at an early stage may experience disease recurrence, resulting in poor overall prognosis [2] Group 2: Treatment Challenges and Innovations - Surgical interventions and postoperative chemotherapy have reduced mortality rates, but adverse reactions and drug resistance remain significant challenges [2] - Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment method, yet its efficacy is currently limited to a small subset of patients, highlighting the urgent need for better therapeutic targets and new treatments in GI cancers [2] Group 3: Research on 7MW4911 - A recent study published in Cell Reports Medicine demonstrated that the CDH17-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) 7MW4911, conjugated with the DNA topoisomerase inhibitor MF-6, showed promising therapeutic effects against multidrug-resistant GI tumors in mouse models [3][6] - CDH17 is highly expressed in GI cancers, with nearly 100% expression in colorectal cancer clinical samples and 23%-88% in other GI cancers, correlating with tumor progression and poor clinical outcomes [5] - Preclinical evaluations indicated that 7MW4911 exhibited strong tumor-killing activity and significant tumor growth inhibition in various GI cancer models, along with favorable pharmacokinetics and safety profiles in non-human primate studies [7][8][10]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant contributions of Chinese scholars in the field of research, particularly in the publication of papers in the prestigious journal Nature, with 13 out of 24 papers authored by Chinese researchers on July 2, 2025 [1][2][3][4][6][7][10][12][15][17][19][21][23]. Group 1 - On July 2, 2025, a total of 24 papers were published in Nature, with 13 authored by Chinese scholars [1][2][3][4][6][7][10][12][15][17][19][21][23]. - The paper titled "Boron-mediated modular assembly of tetrasubstituted alkenes" was authored by Liang Wei from the University of Bristol [1]. - The research "Stereodivergent transformation of a natural polyester to enantiopure PHAs" was led by Professor Chen Youxian from Colorado State University [2]. Group 2 - The paper "A mouse brain stereotaxic topographic atlas with isotropic 1 μm resolution" was co-authored by Academician Luo Qingming from Hainan University and Professor Gong Hui from Huazhong University of Science and Technology [2]. - The research titled "The mutagenic forces shaping the genomes of lung cancer in never smokers" was co-authored by Tongwu Zhang from the National Cancer Institute [3]. - The study "Mapping and engineering RNA-driven architecture of the multiphase nucleolus" was co-authored by Lifei Jiang from Princeton University [6]. Group 3 - The paper "Ancient DNA reveals the prehistory of the Uralic and Yeniseian peoples" was authored by Tian Chen Zeng from Harvard University [7]. - The research "Hybrid quantum network for sensing in the acoustic frequency range" was co-authored by Jun Jia from the University of Copenhagen [10]. - The study "Rewiring endogenous genes in CAR T cells for tumour-restricted payload delivery" was led by Amanda Xi Ying Chen from the University of Melbourne [12]. Group 4 - The paper "Inter-brain neural dynamics in biological and artificial intelligence systems" was authored by Professor Hong Weizhe from UCLA [15]. - The research "WSTF nuclear autophagy regulates chronic but not acute inflammation" was co-authored by Yu Wang from Harvard University [17]. - The study "PPP2R1A mutations portend improved survival after cancer immunotherapy" was co-authored by Professors Wang Linghua and Zhang Rugang from MD Anderson Cancer Center [19]. Group 5 - The paper "Discovering cognitive strategies with tiny recurrent neural networks" was authored by Li Ji-An from UC San Diego [21]. - The research "Ultrabroadband and band-selective thermal meta-emitters by machine learning" was co-authored by Professors Zhou Han from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Qiu Chengwei from the National University of Singapore [23].

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 古埃及文明 曾繁荣了数千年，在其鼎盛时期，古埃及建造了众多叹为观止的 金字塔 ，此外，他们还曾流行制作 木乃伊 ，其中，许多数千年前的木乃伊保存至 今，科学家们一直希望从中提取古 DNA。然而，木乃伊的制作过程以及炎热的气候条件加速了 DNA 分解，导致其中的 DNA 保存状况不佳。 该研究从一个距今大约 4800 年的生活在最早期金字塔建造时期的木乃伊的牙齿中成功提取了完整 人类基因组，这也是 首个古埃及人类的完整基因组序列 。基 因组分析显示，这一木乃伊遗骸显示出与 北非新石器时代的祖先 以及 美索不达米亚 （现在的中东部分地区） 人群相似的血统。 该研究分析了一个发现于 1902 年的古埃及遗骸， 放射性碳测年显示，其生活在公元前 2855-公元前 2570 年左右， 这一时期与古埃及的早王朝时期末尾以及 古王国时期起始相重叠，此时古埃及尚未开始广泛的木乃伊制作。遗骸被埋葬于一个岩石墓穴的密封的陶罐中，这表明其社会地位较高 （但尚未达到精英统治阶 层） 。 研究团队从遗骸中提取了 7 组 DNA 样本，其中 2 组保存足够完好，可以进行基因组测序，并成功构建了完整 ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 耳聋 是人类最常见的感官障碍，先天性耳聋影响了全世界大约 2600 万人，其中高达 60% 的病例是由基因突变引起。 常染色体隐性遗传耳聋9型 （ DFNB9 ） ，是由 编码 耳畸蛋白 （Otoferlin） 的 OTOF 基因突变导致的感音神经性耳聋，占 遗传性耳聋的 2%-8%。耳畸蛋白能使内耳毛细胞响应声音刺激而释放神经 递质，激活听觉神经元，当其功能受损时，声音信号将无法被传达到大脑，从而导致感音神经性耳聋。 此前， 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院 舒易来 教授 、 东南大学 附属中大医院 柴人杰 教授等 已经在低龄儿童患者中证实了 AAV 基因治疗 能够安全且有效地恢 复 DFNB9 患者的听力，相关研究发表于《 柳叶刀 》、 Nature Medicine 、 Advanced Science 等期刊。但还有一些关键科学问题亟待解答—— 大龄 DFNB9 患者是否能够受益于 AAV 基因疗法？是否存在最佳治疗年龄窗口？ 2025 年 7 月 2 日 ， 东南大学 附属中大医院 柴人杰 教授联合加州大学欧文分校 曾凡钢 教授，山东省第二人民医院 （山东省耳鼻喉医 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a groundbreaking study that presents a mouse brain stereotaxic topographic atlas with isotropic 1 μm resolution, which is expected to enhance multi-omics research at the single-cell level in neuroscience [3][6][8]. Group 1 - The research team, including academicians from Hainan University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and UCLA, published their findings in the journal Nature, detailing a 3D brain atlas for mice [3]. - The atlas, named STAM, provides a comprehensive dataset of 916 brain structures and allows for the generation of high-resolution images at any angle [6][8]. - The study utilizes continuous micro-optical sectioning imaging technology to create a dataset based on Nissl staining, achieving isotropic 1 μm resolution [6]. Group 2 - The STAM atlas is designed to support large-scale brain mapping projects by providing data analysis and visualization capabilities [8]. - It includes an informatics platform for visualizing and sharing atlas images, facilitating tasks such as brain slice registration and neuron circuit mapping [6]. - The atlas is compatible with widely used stereotaxic atlases, enabling cross-atlas navigation in both 2D and 3D spaces [6].