证券研究报告 汽车 汽车延续两新补贴，利好中高端车 华泰研究 2025 年 12 月 31 日│中国内地 动态点评 SAC No. S0570525020001 wanglixian@htsc.com +(86) 755 8249 2388 张高栋* 联系人 SAC No. S0570124120007 zhanggaodong@htsc.com +(86) 10 6321 1166 行业走势图 (5) 5 14 24 33 Jan-25 May-25 Sep-25 Dec-25 (%) 汽车 沪深300 资料来源：Wind，华泰研究 重点推荐 | | | 目标价 | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 股票名称 | 股票代码 | (当地币种) | 投资评级 | | 小鹏汽车-W | 9868 HK | 122.71 | 买入 | | 吉利汽车 | 175 HK | 27.07 | 买入 | | 比亚迪 | 002594 CH | 136.93 | 买入 | | 理想汽车-W | 2015 HK | 84.80 | 买入 | 汽车 增持 (维持) | 12 月 30 日，国家发展改革委 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Overweight" rating for the real estate development and real estate services sectors [7]. Core Insights - The new housing value-added tax policy, effective from January 1, 2026, aims to lower transaction costs by reducing the tax rate from 5% to 3% for properties held for less than two years, which is expected to enhance the efficiency of second-hand housing transactions and stabilize the real estate market [1][2][3]. - The policy reflects the central government's commitment to stabilizing the real estate market and is anticipated to create opportunities for capable real estate companies by improving the demand-side replacement chain and optimizing supply-side quality [1][4]. Summary by Sections Tax Rate and Policy Adjustments - The new policy significantly reduces the short-term holding tax rate from 5% to 3%, representing a 40% decrease in transaction costs. For a property priced at 1 million (excluding tax), the tax burden decreases from 53,000 to 31,000 [2]. - The policy eliminates regional differences in tax exemptions, standardizing the exemption period to two years nationwide [2]. Market Dynamics and Demand - The adjustment primarily targets properties held for less than two years, which currently have low transaction willingness due to self-use demand. However, the policy is seen as a signal to stabilize demand and relax restrictions on short-term transactions [3]. - The report notes a shift in the market from new housing to second-hand housing, with a 5% year-on-year increase in second-hand housing transactions, while new housing transactions have decreased by 4% [4]. Investment Recommendations - The report recommends several real estate companies based on their creditworthiness, product quality, and operational capabilities. Key recommendations include: - Companies with strong credit and product quality such as China Overseas Development, China Resources Land, and Longfor Group [5][9]. - Companies with robust cash flow management during market adjustments like New City Holdings and Longfor Group [5]. - Local Hong Kong real estate firms benefiting from market recovery, such as Sun Hung Kai Properties and Link REIT [5]. - Property management companies with stable cash flow and dividend advantages like Greentown Service and China Resources Vientiane Life [5].

今日早参 2025 年 12 月 31 日 座机：021-28972202 邮箱：hekang@htsc.com 今日热点 宏观：12 月美国金融条件进一步放松 近期数据显示美国经济增长动能整体改善：三季度 GDP 增速超预期（彭博 一致预期，下同）；12 月以来居民消费仍有韧性，企业投资意愿边际修复， 地产仍然偏弱；10-11 月美国私人就业维持扩张，11 月 CPI 通胀也超预期降 温，但两者均不同程度受到政府关门扰动；企业雇佣意愿和首申数据指示就 业趋势性改善；12 月 PMI 边际放缓但仍处扩张区间。12 月金融条件进一步 放松，主要受美元走弱、美股上涨推动。往前看，关注 12 月非农就业（1 月 9 日）、12 月 CPI（1 月 13 日）、联储主席人选（1 月初宣布）以及美联储 1 月 FOMC 会议（1 月 27-28 日）。 风险提示：美国就业市场走弱速度超预期，美国流动性紧张缓解不及预期。 研报发布日期：2025-12-30 研究员 易峘 SAC:S0570520100005 SFC:AMH263 易峘 首席宏观经济学家 邮箱：evayi@htsc.com 何康 策略首席研究员兼金融工程首 ...

Core Insights - The A-share market saw a rise last week, primarily driven by trading funds and broad-based ETFs, with retail investors contributing over 30 billion yuan in net inflows [2][3] - Margin financing reached a new high since October, with net inflows close to 40 billion yuan, indicating increased trading activity [3][20] - Institutional investors are facing performance assessments at year-end, leading to lower risk appetite and constrained allocation willingness [2][4] Group 1: Trading Fund Enthusiasm - Retail funds recorded a net inflow of 30.8 billion yuan last week, with the number of participating investors rebounding to levels seen in mid-November [3][11] - Margin financing saw a net inflow of 39.3 billion yuan, marking the highest level since October, with financing activity rising to 11.1% [20][21] - Retail investors favored ETFs, with a slight net inflow of 0.9 billion yuan last week, continuing a trend of inflows over the past two weeks [3][4] Group 2: Allocation Fund Divergence - Institutional investors are exhibiting a mixed behavior in allocation, with a slight increase in ETF and passive foreign capital [4][5] - The number of fund reports for equity-oriented funds rose to nearly 30, the highest this year, indicating potential inflow momentum for new funds [4][32] - Broad-based ETFs continued to see net inflows, with the A500 ETF attracting nearly 15 billion yuan last week, although there are concerns about potential outflows at the beginning of the year [4][5] Group 3: Fund Marginal Changes - Retail funds showed a net inflow of 30.8 billion yuan, primarily into electronics, non-ferrous metals, and defense industries, while experiencing outflows from retail, food and beverage, and light manufacturing sectors [5][11] - Margin financing inflows were concentrated in electronics, power equipment, and new energy sectors, with outflows from oil and petrochemicals, retail, and non-bank financial sectors [5][20] - Public fund issuance strength is recovering, with 16.4 billion yuan in new equity-oriented funds established last week, although existing fund positions slightly decreased [32][38] Group 4: Foreign Capital Trends - Northbound capital trading volume decreased to 176.6 billion yuan last week, with passive foreign capital seeing a net inflow of 1.69 billion yuan while active foreign capital continued to see outflows [64][70] - The net inflow of foreign capital was 1.55 billion yuan from December 17 to December 24, indicating a cautious approach from active foreign investors [64][72] Group 5: Market Dynamics - Significant shareholder net reductions amounted to 12.6 billion yuan last week, with a weekly unlock market value of 111.5 billion yuan, reflecting reduced supply-side pressure [75][76] - Stock buybacks reached 12.6 billion yuan last week, with a slight increase in buyback proposals, indicating a potential shift in market sentiment [75][78]

Core Viewpoints - The report anticipates a continuation of high demand for AI computing power in 2026, driven by both domestic and international investment opportunities in the computing power supply chain [21][23] - The investment strategy focuses on three main lines: embracing AI computing power, new productive forces, and core assets [21][22] Group 1: AI Computing Power Chain - The report predicts a significant increase in demand for 800G and 1.6T optical modules in 2026, benefiting leading manufacturers and upstream material suppliers [21][23] - Domestic liquid cooling manufacturers are expected to accelerate their international expansion, leveraging China's manufacturing advantages to gain market share [21][23] - The report highlights the importance of super nodes in bridging the performance gap between domestic and foreign computing cards, with 2026 projected as a pivotal year for domestic super node deployment [21][23] Group 2: Core Assets - Despite a slowdown in revenue growth for the three major domestic telecom operators, improved operational efficiency and declining capital expenditures are expected to support steady profit and dividend growth [22][21] - The telecom operators are positioned to play a crucial role in AI transformation across various industries, adhering to prudent investment and project evaluation principles [22][21] Group 3: Emerging Industries - The "14th Five-Year Plan" outlines significant investment opportunities in emerging sectors such as commercial aerospace, low-altitude economy, and quantum technology [22][21] - The commercial aerospace sector is expected to accelerate due to favorable policies, increasing launch frequencies, and technological advancements in reusable rocket technology [22][21]

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Increase" rating for the diversified financial sector [2] Core Insights - The public fund industry is undergoing a systematic and high-quality transformation, shifting from a scale-oriented approach to a focus on long-term returns, driven by regulatory reforms and market dynamics [4][13] - By 2030, the total AUM (Assets Under Management) in the industry is expected to exceed 50 trillion yuan, with growth primarily fueled by deeper financial asset allocation by residents and the acceleration of long-term capital inflows [8][16] Summary by Sections Industry Overview - The public fund industry has seen a significant transformation since 2023, with reforms focusing on fee reductions, performance benchmarks, and management practices, leading to a restructuring of the operational logic from scale to long-term returns [4][5] Reform Progress - The reforms initiated in 2023 have transitioned from cost constraints to a comprehensive restructuring of the investment research, sales, assessment, and product logic, with a focus on investor returns [5][17] Revenue and Profitability - The total revenue of the public fund industry decreased from 262.5 billion yuan in 2021 to approximately 200 billion yuan in 2024, reflecting a 21% decline due to fee reductions and changes in trading behavior [6][27] - The average management fee and trading commission rates have significantly declined, with management fees remaining the core revenue source but showing a decreasing contribution from actively managed equity funds [6][15] Asset Growth and Structure - As of Q3 2025, the total net asset value of public funds reached 36.09 trillion yuan, a 12% increase from the beginning of the year, with the proportion of public funds to GDP rising from 7% in 2014 to 27% in 2025 [7][36] - The growth in the industry is primarily driven by equity and money market funds, with a notable increase in the share of industry and thematic ETFs [7][14] Future Outlook - The report anticipates that passive investment, particularly through ETFs, will continue to dominate the industry, while active management will focus on boutique strategies to achieve sustainable alpha [8][16] - The integration of AI technology across the investment research, trading, sales, and risk control processes is expected to enhance the competitive advantages of leading firms [8][16]

张继强 研究所所长、固收首席研究员 座机：13910012450 邮箱：zhangjiqiang@htsc.com 今日早参 2025 年 12 月 30 日 易峘 首席宏观经济学家 邮箱：evayi@htsc.com 仇文竹 债券策略研究组长 座机：13910895671 邮箱：qiuwenzhu@htsc.com 今日热点 宏观：12 月海外增长数据整体超预期 12 月美联储如期降息并启动扩表、联储主席人选博弈加剧；日央行加息、日 本释放干预日元信号；欧央行按兵不动；俄乌和平进程进入关键期；全球多 数市场在流动性宽松预期推动下整体上涨。增长数据方面，12 月美欧服务业 PMI 有所回升，美欧制造业延续走弱态势，日本制造业低位回升；通胀方 面，美国 11 月 CPI 降温超预期，主要受政府关门影响；市场方面，经济数据 整体好于预期，10 年期美债收益率上行，美国三大股指集体上涨，美元走 弱，欧元升值、日元贬值，大宗商品涨跌不一，布伦特原油下跌，黄金、 LME 铜大幅走高。 风险提示：联储独立性削弱，地缘政治不确定性。 研报发布日期：2025-12-29 研究员 易峘 SAC:S0570520100005 S ...

看好发电机组供热改造解锁新机遇 华泰研究 证券研究报告 公用环保 2025 年 12 月 29 日│中国内地 专题研究 清洁供暖或支撑供暖强度提升，工业供热市场广阔 根据我们测算，2024 年我国热力终端消费量或达 91 亿吉焦，其中居民生活 /工业占比约 20/75%，对应工业供热市场规模 4908 亿元（~25 亿吨蒸汽）。 据我们测算，我国人均供暖用热量较全球主要经济体平均水平低 67%，热 源视角下，美国的天然气较中国的煤炭具有较为明显的价格优势，未来清洁 供暖比例提升有望支撑我国供暖强度提升。工业供热市场对于火电、核电和 垃圾焚烧来说是有效补充，电价下行周期中供热业务对发电企业的盈利增厚 将更为显著，未来发电机组或标配供热能力，我们测算 2030 年火电、核电、 垃圾焚烧、生物质发电机组或贡献 2259 亿新增工业供热市场。推荐福能股 份、中国核电。 供暖：我国人均用热量较低，清洁供暖有望打开供暖强度提升空间 据我们测算，2023 年中国住宅建筑空间供暖用热量 5703PJ，在全球主要经 济体中位列第一；但供暖人均用热量约 4.0GJ/人，较全球主要经济体平均 水平（12.22GJ/人）低 67%。 ...

Group 1: Macro Insights - The US economy shows resilience with growth driven by private consumption and net exports, as indicated by the recent Q3 GDP data [2] - Japan's fiscal policy remains expansionary, with signals of potential intervention in the yen and a reduction in long-term bond issuance to stabilize the bond market [2] - Recent data indicates a rebound in exports, although there remains a disparity between domestic and external demand [3] Group 2: Market Strategy - The A-share market has shown a strong performance, nearing mid-November highs, but the sustainability of this "red envelope" market remains uncertain due to a lack of cohesive capital flow [4] - There is potential for a spring rally, with a focus on sectors such as batteries, chemicals, military, and consumer goods, while also emphasizing the need for strategic positioning within these themes [4] - The growth style is expected to dominate in the upcoming spring market, as indicated by the shift in market timing models [5] Group 3: Fixed Income Insights - The bond market is anticipated to experience fluctuations in Q1, with a neutral monetary policy outlook and potential for reserve requirement ratio cuts [9] - The demand for long-term bonds may be lacking, while short-term bonds are expected to remain stable [9] - The overall bond market is likely to face a slightly weak and oscillating environment, with equities still offering better value compared to bonds [9] Group 4: Company Focus - Haitian Flavoring - Haitian Flavoring, a leading condiment company, has been rated "Buy" with a target price of HKD 39.30, reflecting a 27X PE for 2026 [13] - The company is adapting to post-pandemic competition through market-driven governance, product diversification, and channel management, achieving growth despite a weak recovery in demand [13] - The firm is expected to enhance its market share through efficient supply chain management and brand strength, with potential for overseas expansion [13]

证券研究报告 环旭电子 (601231 CH) 投建光模块海外产能，协同日月光打 造一体化 AI 封装平台 | 华泰研究 | | | 更新报告 | 投资评级(维持): | 买入 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2025 年 | 12 月 | 29 日│中国内地 | 消费电子 | 目标价(人民币): | 39.60 | 我们预测公司 25-27 年归母净利润为 16.9/25.3/33.1 亿元，对应 EPS 为 0.75/1.13/1.48 元。下调 25 年归母净利润预测幅度为 4%，主要由于通讯类 产品物料采购成本下降而影响售价；上调 26/27 年归母净利润预测 15%/21%，主要是考虑到 AI 眼镜业务和 AI 加速卡业务均承接大客户订单， 营收有望显著增长。考虑到公司 AI 眼镜和算力新业务成长潜力，且中长期 与日月光具有战略协同优势，给予公司 26 年 35 倍 PE（可比公司一致预期 均值 29 倍），上调目标价为 39.6 元（前值 16.0 元，对应 25 年 20x PE）。 维持买入。 环旭电子 12 月 17 日宣布在越南海防厂投建 ...