立法规范治理方式，良好的治理则能充分释放立法的制度善意。地方治理既要符合法理，也要考虑事理、情理和 道理。近年来，一些地方涉企执法行为备受关注，诸如过频检查、"小过重罚"等涉及民营企业的执法乱象时有发 生，既增加了民营企业的经营成本，也严重影响企业正常的生产经营秩序。民营经济促进法的正式施行，就是要 破除"管理就是处罚，严管就是重罚"等简单粗暴的错误认知，避免"顶格处罚""小过重罚"等违反法治精神、违 反"过罚相当"原则的情况发生；就是要倡导现代化治理方式，既要规范民营企业行为，也要规范行政管理和执法 行为，为民营经济发展提供"海阔凭鱼跃，天高任鸟飞"的生态环境。 备受关注的《中华人民共和国民营经济促进法》5月20日正式施行。这是我国第一部专门关于民营经济发展的基础 性法律，在我国民营经济发展史上具有里程碑意义。 法律的生命力在于实施。加快推动民营经济促进法落地见效，既要防止"时差"问题，避免整改不及时、慢一拍； 也要防止"温差"问题，避免落实有冷有热、时冷时热；还要防止"误差"问题，避免对标失真变味、走样跑偏。各 地各部门要主动对标民营经济促进法，为民营经济发展营造更加稳定、公正、透明、可预期的法治化环境， ...

Core Points - The "Private Economy Promotion Law" officially took effect on May 20, marking a significant legislative step for the development of private enterprises in China [1] - The law emphasizes the importance of the private economy as a driving force for modernization, upgrading its status from a component of the socialist market economy to a vital contributor [1] - As of the end of March, there are over 57 million registered private enterprises in China, accounting for 92.3% of the total number of enterprises [1] Group 1 - The law introduces several firsts, including the formal inclusion of the principle of "two unwavering commitments" and the definition of the private economy as a key force in advancing Chinese-style modernization [1] - The law has generated positive responses from the entrepreneurial community, addressing specific concerns such as prohibiting the abuse of power for economic interests and enhancing legal protections for private enterprises and their owners [2] - The law aims to create a favorable business environment by establishing effective communication mechanisms between government and enterprises, ensuring that the voices of private economic organizations are heard [2] Group 2 - The successful implementation of the law is crucial for its effectiveness, requiring efficient execution and precise safeguards to ensure that the benefits of the policy are fully realized [2]

培训会上，湖南大学法学院屈茂辉教授对《民营经济促进法》进行了系统解读，结合典型案例阐释法律的核心要义和实施要点。省税务局围绕民营企业税 费优惠政策进行详细讲解，重点介绍减税降费、研发费用加计扣除等惠企措施。省发展改革委资环处、产业处、高技处分别就绿色低碳发展、产业转型升 级、高新技术企业扶持等领域政策进行培训，并针对项目储备、资金申报等实操环节进行指导，现场反响热烈。与会企业代表纷纷表示，专家解读非常透 彻，尤其是关于企业权益保护的部分，让大家对法律有了更深的理解，税费优惠政策介绍和项目资金申报指导更是解决了企业运营发展中的具体问题，让 民营企业家们倍感温暖。 《民营经济促进法》于5月20日起施行，这是我国第一部专门关于民营经济发展的基础性法律。正式施行的第一天，湖南省发展改革委联合湖南省委党校 举办民营经济促进法暨民营经济政策宣传培训班。此次培训采取"主课堂+分课堂"线上线下相结合的方式，主课堂设省委党校，分课堂设各县市区党校。 全省民营企业家代表和各市州、县市区民营经济工作负责人共1700余人参加培训。 民营经济促进法暨民营经济政策宣传培训班现场。单位供图 湖南省发展改革委相关负责人表示，后续将持续发力， ...

Core Viewpoint - The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) emphasizes the implementation of the Private Economy Promotion Law and outlines various measures to stabilize foreign investment, enhance economic growth, and optimize the business environment in response to complex external conditions [1][3]. Economic Performance - In the first four months of the year, China's total retail sales of consumer goods reached 16.2 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.7%, indicating a stable growth in consumption and investment despite external pressures [3]. - The retail sales of home appliances, cultural and office supplies, furniture, and communication equipment saw significant year-on-year growth rates of 38.8%, 33.5%, 26.9%, and 19.9% respectively in April [28]. Two Major Construction Projects - The "Two Major" construction projects focus on critical areas such as technological self-reliance, urban-rural integration, regional coordinated development, and food security, aiming to address long-standing issues that require central government intervention [7][28]. Foreign Investment Stability - The NDRC is committed to creating a stable environment for foreign investment, emphasizing that policies to attract foreign capital remain unchanged despite global uncertainties [9]. Artificial Intelligence Integration - The NDRC highlights the role of artificial intelligence in transforming various industries, with examples showing significant improvements in production efficiency and cost reductions, such as a 30% increase in product quality and a 70% decrease in R&D costs [11]. Market Access Barrier Removal - The NDRC, in collaboration with other departments, has initiated actions to clear market access barriers, focusing on eliminating unreasonable regulations and practices that hinder market entry [18]. Business Environment Optimization - The NDRC reports improvements in the overall business environment, with over 90% of provincial administrative licensing matters now processed online, enhancing efficiency and accessibility for businesses [22]. Credit Reporting Policy - The NDRC has implemented a policy to replace the requirement for proof of no violations with a specialized credit report, streamlining administrative processes for businesses [23]. Low-altitude Economy Development - The NDRC is focused on the safe and healthy development of the low-altitude economy, emphasizing the importance of safety in expanding low-altitude tourism and related activities [28].

"融资难、融资贵"一直是制约民营企业发展的一个现实堵点。民营经济促进法在"投资融资促进"一章对 此作了多项规定。比如，民营经济促进法明确，对金融机构向小型微型民营经济组织提供金融服务实施 差异化政策，督促引导金融机构合理设置不良贷款容忍度、建立健全尽职免责机制、提升专业服务能 力；金融机构违反与民营经济组织借款人的约定，单方面增加发放贷款条件、中止发放贷款或者提前收 回贷款的，依法承担违约责任；建立健全信用信息归集共享机制。 此外，民营经济促进法还从多方面赋能民营经济高质量发展，比如首次明确"支持有能力的民营经济组 织牵头承担国家重大技术攻关任务"，提出"支持民营经济组织依法参与数字化、智能化共性技术研发和 数据要素市场建设"等。 "从'引导'到'牵头'，词汇的变化彰显了国家对民营经济科技创新活力的充分认知和高度信心。"周子学 说，改革开放以来，我国的民营经济中不断涌现出科技创新活力十足的企业，"各行各业的民营经济主 体应该充分发挥主人翁意识，在民营经济促进法的保护和支持下不断创新，带动向前发展"。 长期从事民营经济研究的全国工商联原党组成员、专职副主席庄聪生表示，民营经济促进法的颁布施 行，切实回应了广大民 ...

省内民营企业发展信心显著增强，投资步调持续加快，创新活力持续激发。据省统计局统计，今年 一季度，陕西民间投资占全部投资近五成，同比增长21.3%，增速较2024年全年加快14.4个百分点，高 于全国增速20.9个百分点，拉动全省投资增长8.3个百分点；民营经济增加值占陕西GDP的比重增加至 49.5%。截至一季度末，陕西民营经济经营主体达578.38万户，同比增加2.28万户。 省发展改革委相关负责人表示，陕西按照关中、陕北、陕南分片区，邀请专家学者向省市县有关部 门、民营企业面对面做好民营经济促进法宣传解读，引导各级各部门和广大民营企业家领会立法宗旨， 积极传递党和国家促进民营经济发展壮大的方针政策；深入实施"七大行动"，持续优化营商环境，鼓 励、引导、支持民营经济发展，开创陕西民营经济发展新局面。（记者：杨晓梅） 5月20日，《中华人民共和国民营经济促进法》正式施行。作为我国第一部专门关于民营经济发展 的基础性法律，民营经济促进法颁布实施，在我国民营经济发展历程中具有里程碑意义，将进一步优化 民营经济发展环境，保证各类经济组织公平参与市场竞争，促进民营经济健康发展和民营企业健康成 长。 民营经济促进法颁布 ...

5月20日，民营经济促进法正式施行。这是我国第一部专门关于民营经济发展的基础性法律，其实施充 分彰显党和国家促进民营经济发展的坚定决心，以法治的稳定性增强民营企业发展的确定性。 我国民营经济具备相当规模、占有很重分量，推动民营经济高质量发展具备坚实基础。民营经济促进法 将政策和实践中行之有效的一系列经验做法确定为法律制度，并创下第一次将坚持"两个毫不动摇"写入 法律、第一次明确民营经济的法律地位等多个"第一次"，这将进一步发挥法治固根本、稳预期、利长远 的保障作用，护航民营经济发展。 法律的生命力在于实施。扎扎实实落实好民营经济促进法，是当前促进民营经济持续、健康、高质量发 展的一项重点工作。 落实民营经济促进法，要坚持目标导向，推动民营企业实现高质量发展。今年一季度，全国新设"四 新"经济民营企业83.6万户，民营企业进出口高技术产品创历史同期新高。民营经济促进法精准施策， 一方面通过"开放国家重大科研基础设施"等途径鼓励、支持民营经济组织推动科技创新、培育新质生产 力、建设现代化产业体系，另一方面引导其完善治理结构和管理制度。要推动相关条款落实落细，进一 步激发民营经济发展潜力。 落实民营经济促进法，要坚 ...

切实依法保护民营企业和民营企业家合法权益，对营造支持民营经济发展的良好环境至关重要。民营经 济促进法创下很多个"第一次"。比如，第一次将"毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇鼓励、支 持、引导非公有制经济发展"写入法律，第一次明确民营经济的法律地位，等等。这些"第一次"进一步 向社会表明，发展民营经济是党和国家一以贯之并将长期坚持的方针政策。 加强权益保护，必须在全社会营造厉行法治的浓厚氛围，对错误说法要及时澄清，对侵权行为要有力打 击，对受害者要畅通权利救济司法渠道，让民营企业和民营企业家吃下定心丸、安心谋发展。 社会主义市场经济本质是法治经济，守法经营是任何企业都必须遵守的原则，也是长远发展之道。在民 营经济促进法的条文中，关于"平等""公平""同等"的表述有26处，体现的正是将平等原则贯穿于促进民 营经济发展工作的全过程各方面。民营经济是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，坚持对各类所有制企 业一视同仁、平等对待，依法鼓励、支持、引导民营经济发展，才能营造稳定、公平、透明、可预期的 民营经济发展环境。 权益保护到位，企业才能安心经营、放手发展。现实中，一些地方存在趋利性执法、选择性执法、运动 式执法等问题 ...

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry or Company Involved - The discussion revolves around the **Private Economy Promotion Law** in China, focusing on its implications for private enterprises and the overall economic environment. Core Points and Arguments - The **Private Economy Promotion Law** has been rapidly legislated, indicating the government's strong emphasis on private enterprises, aiming to provide a more stable and secure development environment for them [1][3][5] - Key amendments in the law address market issues, such as Article 24, which restricts financial institutions from unilaterally increasing loan conditions to prevent loan withdrawals; Article 52, which merges inspections to reduce arbitrary fines; and Article 53, which establishes a complaint mechanism to hold government departments accountable [1][3][4] - The law explicitly prohibits arbitrary fines and charges without legal basis, emphasizes the statute of limitations for prosecutions, and strengthens accountability measures against abuse of power in law enforcement [1][7][8] - Compared to the **Small and Medium Enterprises Promotion Law**, the Private Economy Promotion Law offers superior rights protection and clarity, particularly regarding large enterprises delaying payments to small and medium enterprises [1][8] - The law aims to protect vulnerable groups and ensure fair competition among various market entities, addressing issues of payment delays by large enterprises to smaller ones [1][10] Other Important but Possibly Overlooked Content - The share of private economy in fixed asset investment has decreased from approximately 54%-56% in 2020 to about 50% in 2024, primarily due to real estate issues; however, opening up access in various sectors could stabilize or enhance private investment [1][19] - Private enterprises are expected to perform better than anticipated in exports, with potential shifts in export directions influenced by future Sino-American relations, suggesting a possible role reversal where private enterprises may take a more prominent role in international trade [2][19][21] - The law's implementation is seen as a critical factor in enhancing the confidence and activity of private enterprises, although there are concerns about its effectiveness and the need for proper execution [11][12] - The ongoing market access negative list system is part of the measures to support private enterprises, aiming to eliminate barriers and enhance participation in various sectors [12][15] - The law's long-term goal is to enhance recognition of the private economy's role in exports, innovation, and employment, which is crucial for achieving national development goals by 2035 and 2050 [17][19]

Group 1 - The Private Economy Promotion Law took effect on May 20, aiming to ensure equal legal protection for various business entities and enhance the supervision of law enforcement practices [1] - The Supreme People's Procuratorate (SPP) will focus on three main areas: supervision of coercive measures in criminal cases, rectifying the use of criminal means in civil economic disputes, and regulating cross-regional law enforcement behaviors [1] - The SPP will implement a comprehensive approach to civil execution supervision, particularly targeting false litigation related to the private economy, and will enhance the effectiveness of case handling through various legal mechanisms [2] Group 2 - The administrative prosecution department will handle cases related to administrative penalties and agreements, ensuring the protection of private economic organizations' legal rights [3] - The SPP will strengthen the enforcement of intellectual property rights, focusing on high-tech and emerging industries, and will enhance punitive measures against intellectual property infringements [4] - The SPP will streamline channels for complaints and appeals related to private economic entities, prioritizing the handling of such cases through dedicated service centers [6]