Group 1 - The Nobel Prizes awarded in October highlight significant advancements in science, particularly in physiology or medicine, physics, and chemistry, recognizing both established paradigms and groundbreaking innovations [1][2] - The awards in physiology or medicine and chemistry confirm mature scientific paradigms, while the physics award acknowledges foundational work that challenges traditional understandings of quantum behavior, paving the way for future quantum technologies [2][3] - The recognition of quantum advancements serves as an "early acknowledgment," rewarding past achievements while fostering hope for future developments in quantum computing, despite existing challenges such as noise and scalability [2][3] Group 2 - The essence of basic research is to illuminate the unknown, and early recognition by prestigious awards can mobilize global intellectual resources and attract capital investment, encouraging the next generation to engage in scientific exploration [3] - A mature research evaluation system should reward visible results while also providing stable support for long-term projects that may take years to yield outcomes, emphasizing the need for a culture that nurtures original innovation [3] - The courage to provide "early recognition" reflects trust in human curiosity and exploration, serving as a guiding light for those still navigating the uncertainties of scientific discovery [3][4]

Core Viewpoint - The history of the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) reflects the dedication of generations of scientists to the mission of "serving the country through science and education" and showcases significant technological breakthroughs that have gained global recognition [1][6]. Group 1: Historical Background - USTC was established in 1958 in response to the call for supporting the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" project, with prominent scientists advocating for its creation [1]. - The university faced challenges during its relocation to Hefei in the early 1970s, losing about two-thirds of its equipment and facing inadequate facilities [3][6]. Group 2: Achievements and Contributions - USTC has made significant contributions to science, including being the first university in China to establish a graduate school and launching programs like the Young Scholars Program [6]. - The university's recent technological achievements have garnered international attention, with several results being recognized in major scientific progress lists [6]. Group 3: Cultural Significance - The USTC history museum serves as a testament to the spirit of scientific inquiry and national pride, inspiring new generations of students [8]. - Artifacts such as the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" merit badge and models of significant scientific instruments highlight the university's legacy and ongoing impact in the field of science [4][9].

Core Viewpoint - The legacy of Qian Xuesen continues to inspire new generations of students at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, emphasizing the importance of scientific spirit and national pride in research and education [1][2][4]. Group 1: Qian Xuesen's Contributions - Qian Xuesen's life and career are marked by significant choices that align closely with the fate of his country, showcasing his dedication to national development [4]. - His pioneering contributions span over 20 disciplines, particularly in applied mechanics, systems science, and thinking science, which are integral to the education of exceptional engineers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University [6]. - Qian's strategic vision and leadership in addressing key technological challenges have become essential teaching materials for engineering students [6]. Group 2: Educational Impact - The Qian Xuesen Library serves as a vital learning space for students, instilling the spirit of scientific inquiry and national responsibility [2][4]. - Students are encouraged to adopt a holistic approach to research, considering broader technological ecosystems rather than isolated technical points, influenced by Qian's systems engineering philosophy [8]. - The teachings of Qian Xuesen continue to resonate with students, inspiring them to think critically about future technological developments and societal needs [12]. Group 3: Cultural and Philosophical Influence - Qian Xuesen's personality and philosophical outlook, including his belief that "nothing is final," inspire students to pursue lifelong learning and innovation [10]. - His writings and reflections on various fields, including artificial intelligence and renewable energy, provide foresight and guidance for contemporary researchers [12]. - The Qian Xuesen Spirit Promotion Team has engaged over 500,000 people nationwide, using innovative methods to share his legacy and motivate youth to contribute to national progress through science and technology [16].

Core Viewpoint - The legacy of Qian Xuesen, a prominent scientist, continues to inspire new generations of students at Shanghai Jiao Tong University through the Qian Xuesen Library, which serves as a significant venue for understanding scientific spirit and patriotism [1][3]. Group 1: Historical Context - Qian Xuesen's return to China after the founding of the new nation is highlighted through personal artifacts like tickets and luggage, showcasing his commitment to the country's development [3]. - His life choices, including shifts from railway engineering to missile and rocket research, are closely tied to the fate of the nation, reflecting a deep connection between personal and national progress [3]. Group 2: Academic Contributions - Qian Xuesen made groundbreaking contributions across over 20 disciplines, particularly in applied mechanics, systems science, and thinking science, emphasizing his strategic vision and leadership in solving critical technological challenges [5]. - His teachings, such as those in the course "Introduction to Qian Xuesen's System Engineering Thought," encourage students to adopt a holistic approach to problem-solving, considering broader technological ecosystems [7]. Group 3: Inspirational Legacy - Qian Xuesen's personality and philosophical outlook, including his belief that "nothing is final" in science, continue to inspire students to pursue knowledge and innovation [9]. - His foresight in various fields, including autonomous driving and artificial intelligence, serves as a guiding light for researchers to think beyond immediate technological trends and consider long-term implications [11]. Group 4: Cultural Impact - The Qian Xuesen Spirit Promotion Team, established in 2020, has conducted over 270 sessions nationwide, reaching more than 500,000 people, using innovative formats to engage youth and inspire them to pursue dreams and contribute to national development [14].

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the integration of scientific spirit into education at various universities, fostering a sense of national pride and responsibility among students [1][2][3] Group 1: Educational Initiatives - Shanghai Jiao Tong University launched a series of scientific activities titled "The Return of the Wall Breakers Across the Ocean" to commemorate the 70th anniversary of alumni Qian Xuesen's return to China, using diverse formats to promote scientific spirit [1] - Tsinghua University's Science Museum showcases thousands of scientific artifacts, aiming to convey the stories of scientists and the underlying scientific spirit and national sentiment [2] - Zhejiang University's Art and Archaeology Museum hosts exhibitions that transform art history into an interactive experience, encouraging students to engage as active participants in cultural heritage [3] Group 2: Student Engagement - Students at Shanghai Jiao Tong University actively participate in historical experiences, deepening their understanding of Qian Xuesen's choices and contributions to science [1] - Tsinghua University aims to build a permanent science museum by 2027, with a vision to connect local, national, and global scientific narratives [2] - The educational approach at Zhejiang University emphasizes the role of museums as platforms for inquiry and cultural transmission, fostering critical thinking among students [3]

Group 1 - The Tsinghua University Science Museum showcases historical scientific instruments, educational equipment, and stories of Tsinghua scientists' pursuit of truth and overcoming challenges [1] - In recent years, the museum has organized several themed exhibitions such as "The Era of Electromagnetic Waves," "A Century of Instruments," and "Ingenious Calculations" through collaborative and independent efforts [3] - The museum's offline exhibition hall has received over 80,000 visitors and more than 1,300 groups in the past five years, playing a significant role in public science education [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of university museums and historical sites in fostering cultural heritage, national identity, and scientific spirit among students during the new academic year [1]. Group 1: University Museums and Historical Significance - Fudan University's old residence of Chen Wangdao, the first complete translator of "The Communist Manifesto," has been transformed into a museum that showcases the historical significance of the text and its impact on Chinese revolution [3][5]. - The museum features valuable exhibits, including the first complete Chinese translation of "The Communist Manifesto" published in August 1920 and the first Marxist publication aimed at workers, highlighting the rich history of Marxism in China [5][7]. Group 2: Cultural and Historical Education - Xi'an Jiaotong University's Westward Migration Museum serves as an immersive educational experience for new students, showcasing over 2,000 artifacts that narrate the struggles and achievements of faculty and students during the early years of the People's Republic of China [7][9]. - The museum's exhibits, including a pink train ticket with a declaration of "Marching towards Science, Building the Northwest," encapsulate the patriotic spirit of the intellectuals of that era [9][11]. Group 3: Traditional Culture and Family Letters - Renmin University of China has a Family Letters Museum that houses over 80,000 letters, providing insights into the historical struggles and cultural values of the Chinese people, particularly during the Anti-Japanese War [15][13]. - The museum aims to connect young people with traditional culture and instill values such as patriotism and family ethics through the letters [17][15]. Group 4: Scientific Spirit and Innovation - Northwestern Polytechnical University features a military quality education practice center that exhibits significant military equipment, including the Y-20 transport aircraft, symbolizing China's advancements in aerospace technology [19][21]. - The university's ongoing efforts in research and development across various fields contribute to national defense and technological innovation, showcasing the importance of scientific inquiry and education [21][22].

Core Insights - The article emphasizes that mistakes are an integral part of scientific progress, challenging the notion that errors should be avoided at all costs [2][3] - It highlights that scientific advancement occurs not through the accumulation of correct observations but through the refutation of existing theories and the proposal of new ones [3][4] Group 1: Importance of Mistakes in Science - The book "Why Greatness Needs Mistakes" illustrates that errors are common in scientific endeavors and are essential for innovation [2][4] - Examples from genetics and physics demonstrate how mistakes have led to significant advancements, such as Einstein's cosmological constant, which later contributed to the understanding of dark energy [3][4] - The article discusses the case of Hoyle's steady state universe model, which, despite being challenged, led to important insights regarding the creation of heavy elements in stars [3][4] Group 2: Distinction Between Science and Management - The article notes that many real-world problems are engineering issues rather than scientific ones, requiring a different approach to decision-making [4][5] - It points out that the cultural belief in China that scholars should take on management roles can lead to mismatches in leadership, as scientific thinking differs from management thinking [4][5] - The experience of a respected researcher who struggled in a management role illustrates the challenges faced when scientists transition to administrative positions [5] Group 3: The Nature of Scientific Inquiry - The article asserts that science is a methodology rather than an absolute truth, emphasizing the need for openness and adaptability in scientific inquiry [5][6] - It argues that the belief in the sanctity of science is a misunderstanding of its spirit, which should embrace questioning and the acceptance of new evidence [5][6]

Group 1 - The "2025 National Science Popularization Month Beijing Academy of Sciences Special Event" took place from September 12 to 14, featuring various activities aimed at enhancing public scientific literacy and fostering a positive atmosphere for Beijing's international science and technology innovation center [1] - The event included a science experiment show titled "Extreme Cold Laboratory," which introduced scientific concepts to children through demonstrations involving dry ice bubbles, air cannons, and liquid nitrogen flowers [1] - The Beijing Planetarium presented a retrospective on the creation of the science drama "Gazing at the Sky - A Century of Astronomical National Treasures," highlighting the importance of protecting astronomical instruments and the spirit of scientific inheritance [1] Group 2 - The Beijing Academy of Sciences' ecological experiment center unveiled a bird-watching facility named "Cloud Wing Pavilion," which serves as an optimal observation point for various bird species and provides a recreational area for visitors [1] - During the event, researchers from various institutes within the Beijing Academy of Sciences delivered talks on topics such as health care, nutrition, ecological protection, and genetic science, promoting scientific knowledge and spirit [1] - The interactive exhibition area at the ecological center featured 12 exhibits covering health management, meteorite mineral knowledge, and science-related cultural creations, attracting significant audience participation [2] Group 3 - Hands-on experimental courses like "Mido Bean Takes You to See Nature" and "The Tragedy of Extinction" engaged children in practical activities, merging scientific knowledge with traditional culture to stimulate curiosity [2] - The event also included a science film and game area, showcasing popular science films such as "The Wild Riders on Earth" and "The Origin of Life," which were well-received by children [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of university museums and historical exhibits in reflecting the history, culture, and spirit of higher education institutions in China, showcasing their contributions to national development and scientific progress over the past 70 years [1][2]. Group 1: Historical Contributions - Tsinghua University and Peking University have dedicated exhibition areas that honor the contributions of notable figures in China's scientific history, such as the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" pioneers [3][4]. - The "Beijing No. 1" aircraft, designed and built by students and faculty at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, represents a significant achievement in China's aviation history, completing its first flight in 1958 after just 100 days of development [5][7]. Group 2: Educational Impact - University museums serve as educational resources, providing students with insights into the historical context of scientific achievements and encouraging them to inherit the spirit of dedication and innovation from their predecessors [9][12]. - The integration of historical exhibits into educational programs, such as the "Aerospace Spirit" lessons at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, aims to inspire students to contribute to national defense and technological advancement [12][13]. Group 3: Scientific Achievements - The article highlights various scientific breakthroughs, including the development of the first Chinese laser typesetting system and the discovery of artemisinin by Tu Youyou, showcasing the universities' roles in advancing technology and medicine [9][11]. - The narrative of self-reliance and innovation is prevalent, with universities like Tsinghua and Beihang University leading in research and development across multiple fields, including aerospace and artificial intelligence [11][13].