Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of the integration of Marxism with Chinese reality and traditional culture, highlighting the efforts of early Chinese communists in spreading Marxist literature during critical historical moments [2][3][4][5][6]. Group 1: Historical Context - The article reflects on the challenges faced by early communists like Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu in promoting Marxism in China, particularly during the May Fourth Movement [2][3]. - It details the formation of various Marxist study groups and the early organization of the Communist Party in China, emphasizing the role of these groups in disseminating Marxist ideas [3][4]. Group 2: Key Figures and Contributions - Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu are highlighted as pivotal figures in the establishment of Marxist thought in China, with their clandestine meetings aimed at discussing Marxist literature and party-building efforts [3][4]. - The article recounts the story of Guo Dali and Wang Yanan, who undertook the translation of Marx's "Capital" under dire circumstances, ultimately achieving the first complete Chinese edition during wartime [4][5]. Group 3: Translation Efforts - The article emphasizes the extensive translation efforts of Cheng Fangwu, who translated "The Communist Manifesto" multiple times across different historical periods, reflecting the evolving understanding of Marxist texts in China [5][6]. - It notes the challenges faced in translation due to limited resources and the dedication of translators who contributed to the dissemination of Marxist literature in China [5][6].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of university museums and historical sites in fostering cultural heritage, national identity, and scientific spirit among students during the new academic year [1]. Group 1: University Museums and Historical Significance - Fudan University's old residence of Chen Wangdao, the first complete translator of "The Communist Manifesto," has been transformed into a museum that showcases the historical significance of the text and its impact on Chinese revolution [3][5]. - The museum features valuable exhibits, including the first complete Chinese translation of "The Communist Manifesto" published in August 1920 and the first Marxist publication aimed at workers, highlighting the rich history of Marxism in China [5][7]. Group 2: Cultural and Historical Education - Xi'an Jiaotong University's Westward Migration Museum serves as an immersive educational experience for new students, showcasing over 2,000 artifacts that narrate the struggles and achievements of faculty and students during the early years of the People's Republic of China [7][9]. - The museum's exhibits, including a pink train ticket with a declaration of "Marching towards Science, Building the Northwest," encapsulate the patriotic spirit of the intellectuals of that era [9][11]. Group 3: Traditional Culture and Family Letters - Renmin University of China has a Family Letters Museum that houses over 80,000 letters, providing insights into the historical struggles and cultural values of the Chinese people, particularly during the Anti-Japanese War [15][13]. - The museum aims to connect young people with traditional culture and instill values such as patriotism and family ethics through the letters [17][15]. Group 4: Scientific Spirit and Innovation - Northwestern Polytechnical University features a military quality education practice center that exhibits significant military equipment, including the Y-20 transport aircraft, symbolizing China's advancements in aerospace technology [19][21]. - The university's ongoing efforts in research and development across various fields contribute to national defense and technological innovation, showcasing the importance of scientific inquiry and education [21][22].

Group 1 - The article highlights the importance of historical education in universities, emphasizing the role of various historical sites and museums in fostering a sense of national identity and values among students [1][3][4] - Universities are integrating immersive experiences into their curricula, allowing students to engage with historical narratives and red culture, thereby enhancing their ideological education [1][3][8] - The article mentions specific initiatives, such as the "Starfire" volunteer service team at Fudan University, which promotes the study of Marxism and the history of the Communist Party through innovative teaching methods [3][4][5] Group 2 - The narrative includes the historical significance of various universities, such as Hunan First Normal University, where Mao Zedong studied, and the impact of the "Westward Migration" movement on the development of higher education in China [6][7][9] - The article discusses the establishment of memorials and museums at universities like Xi'an Jiaotong University and Yunnan Normal University, which serve as platforms for students to learn about and share revolutionary history [9][10][11] - The commitment of students and faculty to uphold the spirit of patriotism and dedication to national service is emphasized, showcasing how historical legacies continue to inspire current generations [10][11][12]

Core Viewpoint - The Changjiang Bookstore, a historical site significant to the Chinese Communist Party, has been renovated and reopened as a "Red Culture Complex" to promote revolutionary culture and historical memory [1]. Group 1: Historical Significance - The Changjiang Bookstore was established in November 1926 as the first bookstore in Wuhan to promote Marxist literature and revolutionary ideas [1]. - It published over 50 revolutionary books and was a key site for disseminating progressive knowledge during the revolutionary period [1]. - The bookstore was popular from its inception, with books transported from Shanghai and Guangzhou selling out within three days, indicating a strong public demand for revolutionary thought [1]. Group 2: Renovation and Features - In 2022, the Jianghan District decided to renovate the original site of the Changjiang Bookstore to preserve red culture and awaken historical memories [1]. - The newly reopened bookstore features a multi-functional space that includes red culture exhibitions, book sales, and cultural creativity [1]. - The bookstore includes various sections such as a display area for Mao Zedong's research, a humanities and social sciences library, and a cultural exchange space with unique quiet reading areas [3].

Group 1 - The core idea emphasizes the importance of adapting Marx and Engels' principles to contemporary historical conditions, highlighting the need for scientific theories to align with specific situations [1] - Marx and Engels' early influences stemmed from German classical philosophy, British classical political economy, and French utopian socialism, which they critically inherited and developed [2] - The concept of dialectical materialism was created by Marx as a response to the limitations of previous philosophies, aiming to achieve the goal of "changing the world" [2] Group 2 - Marx and Engels believed that history progresses through a combination of maintaining established principles and innovating, as seen in their works that reflect the necessity of adapting to changing conditions [3] - The inherent unity of maintaining and innovating is evident in Marx's writings, where he critiques capitalism and argues for the inevitable victory of communism based on historical trends [4] - The realization of any theory depends on its relevance to a country's specific needs and cultural context, which has been a guiding principle for the party's development of Marxism over the past century [5] Group 3 - The essence of Marxism is its capacity for continuous development and self-improvement, as it is not a static doctrine but an evolving theoretical framework [6] - The commitment to both maintaining core principles and pursuing innovation is crucial for guiding new practices and achieving breakthroughs in various fields [6]

Core Perspective - The article discusses the centenary exhibition "Surrealism, First and Forever" at the Pompidou Center, commemorating André Breton's "Manifesto of Surrealism" published in 1924, highlighting the enduring spirit and unfinished goals of surrealism [1][3][24]. Group 1: Historical Context - Surrealism emerged between the two World Wars as a significant cultural movement in Europe, described by Walter Benjamin as a snapshot before the cultural catastrophe [2]. - The movement quickly spread globally, influencing various cultures, including China during its New Culture Movement [2]. Group 2: Exhibition Design and Themes - The exhibition is designed as a "maze" to reflect the spatial concepts of surrealism, featuring thirteen themes such as "The Path of Dreams" and "Monsters" [9][12]. - The entrance of the maze is modeled after a monstrous mouth, symbolizing the entry into a dream space, reminiscent of historical surrealist venues [13]. Group 3: Key Works and Artists - The exhibition prominently features Breton's original manuscript of the "Manifesto of Surrealism," emphasizing its philosophical and revolutionary significance [21][24]. - Max Ernst's works are highlighted, particularly his series "Woman: 100 Heads," showcasing the theme of unexpected encounters in surrealism [29][31]. Group 4: Surrealism's Legacy and Influence - The article reflects on surrealism's role as a necessary entry point for avant-garde dreams, suggesting that it remains relevant in contemporary discourse [3][24]. - The relationship between surrealism and political movements is explored, indicating that surrealism has historically been intertwined with revolutionary ideals [24][26].