Group 1 - The core focus of the US-Japan tariff negotiations is the trade deficit, with Japan's strong stance against making unprincipled concessions to the US [1] - Japan holds significant leverage in the negotiations due to its substantial holdings of US Treasury bonds, which could impact the US economy if sold off [1] - Japan's proposal includes a comprehensive cooperation plan targeting China in key areas such as rare earths, semiconductors, and liquefied natural gas [3][5] Group 2 - Japan aims to reduce the trade deficit with the US while aligning with US efforts to counter China's technological advancements [3] - The internal divisions within the US negotiation team complicate the discussions, with differing views among key officials [5] - The historical context of US-Japan relations shows a shift from a subordinate relationship to a more balanced negotiation dynamic, with Japan leveraging its economic position [8]

Group 1 - The importance of economic and trade relations between China and South Asian countries is increasing in a complex international environment, highlighted by the upcoming China-South Asia Expo in Kunming from June 19-24 [2] - In 2024, trade between China and South Asian countries is expected to approach $200 billion, doubling over the past decade with an average annual growth rate of approximately 6.3% [2] - China has become the largest trading partner for countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh, with significant investment projects in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and other South Asian infrastructure projects [2] Group 2 - Future support from China for South Asian countries will focus on stabilizing their development paths and enhancing bilateral economic and trade relations, including cooperation in traditional sectors and emerging fields like energy transition and digital economy [3] - China aims to promote free trade agreements and upgrade investment protection agreements with South Asian countries to unlock further trade and investment potential [3] - The commitment to multilateralism and opposition to unilateralism and protectionism is emphasized, with a focus on maintaining a stable and predictable global trade environment [3]

Group 1: U.S. Tariff Policy on Steel and Aluminum - The U.S. has raised tariffs on imported steel and aluminum from 25% to 50%, effective from April 4, which China criticizes as unilateralism and protectionism [2] - China emphasizes that the U.S. tariff measures violate WTO rules and disrupt global supply chains, urging the U.S. to respect economic laws and engage in dialogue to maintain a rules-based multilateral trade system [2] Group 2: Automotive Industry Competition - The automotive industry is identified as a pillar of the national economy, crucial for growth and consumption expansion, with ongoing initiatives to boost automotive consumption [4] - The Ministry of Commerce plans to enhance tracking and policy guidance for the automotive market, aiming to address barriers in automotive circulation and meet diverse consumer needs [5] - In response to "involution" competition in the automotive sector, the Ministry will strengthen compliance guidance and market order maintenance to promote healthy industry development [6] Group 3: U.S.-China Trade Relations - Following the Geneva trade talks, the U.S. has implemented new restrictions against China, which China strongly opposes, demanding an immediate halt to these measures [8] - The U.S. Trade Representative extended the exemption period for the Section 301 investigation into China's practices until August 31, 2025, which China views as a continuation of unilateral trade protectionism [10]

Group 1: Core Perspectives on Euro Internationalization - The Euro has not significantly increased its global role despite being the second-largest currency since its inception in 1999, with its share in international currency usage remaining around 19%, still far behind the US dollar [1][2][3] - The Euro was created primarily for European integration rather than to compete with the dollar, and its internationalization lacks sufficient "hard" support compared to the dollar's backing from the US's economic, political, and military strength [3][4] - The Eurozone's economic performance has lagged behind the US and emerging economies since the 2009 Eurozone crisis, with its share of global GDP declining from 20% to 15% by 2023, which limits the Euro's global influence [4][6] Group 2: Challenges and Opportunities for Euro - The Euro's potential rise is hindered by the need for enhanced military strength and strategic autonomy, as reliance on US military power undermines trust in the Euro as a global currency [7][12] - The current international monetary environment presents opportunities for the Euro, as the dollar's dominance is being challenged by US economic policies and a decline in global trust towards the dollar [9][10][11] - To capitalize on these opportunities, the Eurozone must improve its economic vitality, enhance capital market attractiveness, and achieve political consensus among member states to elevate the Euro's international status [10][12]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that there are no winners in a trade war, as both exporting and importing countries, producers, and consumers will suffer losses. Cooperation is the only way forward, and the rules supporting global trade need to be jointly maintained by all parties [1][2] - The U.S. government's tariff policies are causing severe impacts on both the U.S. and global markets, affecting global producers exporting to the U.S. and leading to increased costs for U.S. consumers [1] - Small and medium-sized economies participating in international trade find themselves in a dilemma, lacking the leverage to influence U.S. trade policies, which highlights their preference for a multilateral trade system to protect their interests [1] Group 2 - The stability of trade rules depends on the recognition and support from all parties, and selective enforcement of these rules can lead to deep impacts on the international trade system [2] - Strengthening and perfecting regional supply chains is proposed as a solution to the current tariff crisis, with a significant portion of products being consumed within the region, leading to a more balanced international trade structure [2]

Core Viewpoint - The WTO is emphasized as a crucial pillar of multilateralism and a key platform for global economic governance, with a call for unity to address unilateral tariff measures that undermine the multilateral trading system [1] Group 1: WTO Meeting Highlights - The meeting in Paris included representatives from over 20 member countries, including China, the US, the EU, and Australia, alongside WTO Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala [1] - Chinese Commerce Minister Wang Wentao highlighted that trade wars yield no winners and that collaboration is essential for mutual progress [1] Group 2: China's Position - China has submitted a statement to the WTO supporting the multilateral trading system under current circumstances, expressing willingness to work with other parties to maintain international economic order and global trade stability [1] - The statement emphasizes the need to address global trade disorder caused by unilateral tariff measures through equal dialogue and consultation based on WTO rules [1]

Group 1 - The meeting between China's Minister of Commerce Wang Wentao and Canada's Minister of International Trade Mary Ng focused on pragmatic and candid discussions regarding China-Canada economic and trade relations [1] - Both parties addressed the importance of maintaining a multilateral trading system and discussed various economic and trade issues of mutual concern [1]

Group 1 - The World Trade Organization (WTO) is facing significant challenges to its multilateral trade system, particularly due to the U.S. "reciprocal tariffs" policy, which undermines the rules-based order [1] - China emphasizes the importance of an open and stable international economic order based on rules, advocating for collective action among WTO members to strengthen the multilateral trade system [1][3] - The recent high-level economic talks between China and the U.S. in Geneva have yielded substantial results, including an agreement to lower tariffs, which reflects key WTO principles such as free trade and predictability [2] Group 2 - The ongoing trade tensions present a critical opportunity for the WTO to address its systemic weaknesses and focus on necessary reforms, with a consensus among members to prioritize this at the upcoming 2026 Ministerial Conference [3] - Despite the progress made in U.S.-China talks, the U.S. has not returned to a multilateral trade framework based on WTO rules, continuing to engage in bilateral negotiations that deviate from the "most-favored-nation" principle [4] - For the WTO to enhance its role in facilitating trade negotiations, it will need to adopt more flexible negotiation formats to align bilateral and plurilateral outcomes with multilateral trade rules [4]

5月29日至30日，由日本经济新闻社主办、以"充满考验的世界，迎难而上的亚洲"为主题的第三十届"亚 洲的未来"国际论坛在日本东京举行，与会嘉宾围绕维护多边主义和自由贸易体制、亚洲各国携手合作 实现繁荣等议题进行探讨。 中国财政部前副部长朱光耀表示，美国政府滥施关税给世界发展带来巨大不确定性，"如果任其发展下 去，世界将重回弱肉强食的丛林法则"。中国此前针对美国单边关税政策的反制措施不仅是为了保护中 国的利益，也是为了维护全球贸易体系。各国应相互尊重，建立有序的多边贸易体系。希望通过全球伙 伴的努力，维护以规则为基础的全球贸易体系，这符合所有国家的利益。 中国国家国际发展合作署前署长罗照辉表示，单边主义和保护主义正在蔓延，地区合作显得尤为重要。 他强调，中日两国都是推动地区合作向前发展的动力。 泰国外长玛里表示，为实现亚洲的发展，优先课题应是贸易和投资、强韧的供应链、绿色能源转型、数 字化转型、以人为中心的发展。他还呼吁亚洲国家进一步加强合作，"维护基于规则的多边贸易体制至 关重要"。 "中国是世界多边贸易体制的受惠者，更是坚定的维护者。自2001年加入以世贸组织为核心的多边贸易 体制以来，中国不仅自身经济得到 ...

美国是日本汽车产业的最大出口市场。据野村证券预测，美国征收汽车关税或致马自达陷入亏损、丰田 营业利润下降30%。汽车产业是日本的支柱产业之一，提供了超过550万个就业岗位。美国如果加征关 税，将导致日本汽车企业收益恶化，进而对日本经济产生冲击。 （作者为日本无限合同会社首席经济师） （文章来源：人民日报） 20世纪30年代，贸易保护主义盛行，国际贸易的相互限制是造成当时经济萧条的一个重要原因。1948 年，关贸总协定临时生效，逐步将不同经济制度、不同发展阶段、不同意识形态的国家都纳入关税和贸 易问题的谈判中，从而建立起战后多边贸易体制的基本原则和框架。此后40多年里，发达国家的平均关 税从36%减到4.7%，发展中国家和地区的平均关税在同期也下降到13%，世界贸易总额增长了10倍以 上。1995年，在关贸总协定的基础上，成立了世界贸易组织。 国际社会普遍认为，多边贸易体制的最大受益者是美国。在该体制下，美元是国际贸易中的主要结算货 币。许多贸易顺差国用通过贸易获得的美元购买美国国债。通过发行美元和美国国债，美国可以享受从 世界各地购买商品和服务的"美元特权"，获得了来自全球各地的大量物美价廉的商品。美国肆意加 ...