耕地扩张使SOA净降温作用减少11%。在未来气候变暖与空气污染减轻的情景下，相同耕地扩张的 增温效应将比当前增强约50%。 该研究首次系统揭示了，耕地扩张通过削弱"降温屏障"加剧全球变暖的新机制。傅平青说："这项 研究警示我们，在制定粮食安全与气候政策时，必须同时考虑土地利用变化对'碳账本'和'气溶胶降温 账'的双重影响。" 研究建议，保护和恢复森林生态系统不仅能固碳，还能维持重要的SOA自然降温功能，这一"非 碳"效益在未来气候变暖背景下将愈发珍贵。该成果为国家制定碳中和战略和土地科学管理的协同政策 提供了重要科学依据，也为全球气候变化的预测和应对提供了新思路。 记者7月28日从天津大学获悉，该校教授朱佳雷、傅平青联合清华大学教授张强等，采用包含自主 研发模块的地球系统模型，首次在全球范围内系统分析了工业革命以来农田扩张对二次有机气溶胶 （SOA）及其气候效应的影响。该研究揭示了人类农业活动如何通过改变土地覆盖，影响大气成分和气 候变化。研究成果近日发表在国际地学顶级期刊《自然·地球科学》上。 据介绍，工业革命以来，为满足粮食需求，全球森林和草地大规模转为农田。传统研究主要关注这 种转变对碳储存、反照率和水 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the impact of extreme heat on air conditioning sales, particularly in Northeast China, where sales have surged by hundreds of times due to unprecedented high temperatures reaching over 65°C in some areas [1] - It highlights the historical context of air conditioning in university dormitories, noting that it was once considered a luxury and that students had to endure the heat without it [3][4] - The article contrasts past and present experiences of students, emphasizing that while previous generations managed without air conditioning, modern students should not have to endure the same hardships as society progresses [5][6] Group 2 - The narrative includes personal anecdotes from individuals who attended university in various cities, illustrating the lack of air conditioning and the coping mechanisms they employed during hot summers [7][10][22] - It reflects on the evolution of living conditions and the increasing temperatures due to global warming, suggesting that the absence of air conditioning directly affects students' comfort and quality of life [4][30] - The article concludes with a sentiment that while nostalgia for past experiences is valuable, it should not justify the continued discomfort of younger generations in a time of technological advancement [6][31]

今年入夏以来，高温天气削弱了欧洲民众此前对空调的抵制情绪。"是否应该像美国一样到处安装空调"，成为欧洲现阶段新的政治讨论热点。 据央视新闻报道，当地时间22日，热浪天气继续影响欧洲多国，多地气温突破40摄氏度。西班牙南部数日前记录到46摄氏度的高温；意大利南部 西西里岛最高气温达40摄氏度；罗马尼亚首都布加勒斯特出现41摄氏度高温；希腊首都雅典最高气温达到43摄氏度，雅典卫城也因高温分时段暂 停对游客开放。 当地时间2025年7月1日，法国巴黎，市民和游客在特罗卡德罗喷泉旁纳凉。视觉中国 图 政治新闻网politico在报道中指出，欧洲央行行长拉加德在葡萄牙的年度研究会议开始时恳请嘉宾多喝水，避免医疗中心超负荷运转。在布鲁塞尔 举行的欧洲理事会峰会上，闷热难耐的记者们靠冰淇淋解暑。 美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）在一篇报道指出，欧洲的空调覆盖率之所以较低，很大程度上在于该地区的制冷需求甚少，北欧地区尤其如此。历 史上，尽管热浪天气时有发生，但极端高温次数并不频繁。 法国媒体警告称将室温调至比室外低4度以上可能引发"热休克"，导致恶心、意识丧失甚至呼吸骤停等症状。也有欧洲人担心，长期待在空调房里 会引发呼吸道感染 ...

Core Insights - Extreme weather events have significantly impacted global food prices, with notable increases such as a 300% rise in Australian lettuce prices and an 80% increase in U.S. vegetable prices [1][2] - The report warns that unprecedented extreme weather conditions will become more common, surpassing the adaptability of current agricultural and economic systems [1] Food Price Increases - California has experienced its driest three years on record, leading to nearly 1 million acres of farmland left uncultivated, resulting in initial revenue losses of nearly $2 billion for vegetable crops [1] - Arizona faced water shortages due to drought in the Colorado River basin, contributing to significant vegetable price increases in the U.S. [1] - In South Korea, vegetable prices surged nearly 70% due to widespread high temperatures, prompting the government to utilize national reserves [2] - Australia experienced record floods, leading to lettuce prices soaring to approximately 12 AUD (about 7.81 USD) from around 2.80 AUD, marking a rise of over 300% [2] Climate Change and Agricultural Sensitivity - Not all agricultural products are equally sensitive to climate risks; coffee and beef prices have been rising due to specific production conditions, while more adaptable crops like corn have not seen similar price increases [3] - New U.S. tariffs may further squeeze foreign farmers' profit margins, complicating producers' decisions [3] Political and Economic Implications - High inflation rates linked to food price surges can alter election outcomes, as evidenced by studies from 18 countries [4] - Rising staple food prices exert pressure on economies and public health, particularly affecting low-income households [4] - The volatility in food prices poses challenges for macroeconomic management, complicating efforts to control overall inflation rates [4][5] - The rising cost of living has played a significant role in recent elections, with warnings that these impacts will worsen without achieving net-zero emissions [5] - The upcoming United Nations Food Systems Summit will address the threats posed by climate change to global food systems, with food price inflation as a central topic [5]

Core Viewpoint - Extreme weather has become a new norm globally, with the UN Secretary-General warning that climate action is now a matter of survival, highlighting the importance of international response to climate change [1] Group 1: Climate Action and Infrastructure - The Trump administration has decided to withdraw federal funding for California's high-speed rail project, labeling it as a "disastrous" and "severely over-budget" initiative, despite its potential to reduce approximately 1.5 million tons of CO2 emissions annually [1] - Environmental experts argue that high-speed rail represents a climate responsibility investment rather than a short-term financial gain [3] Group 2: Government Stance on Climate Change - President Trump has expressed skepticism about global warming, suggesting that cold weather contradicts the concept of climate change, indicating a lack of acknowledgment of climate issues [5] - The Trump administration's approach includes shutting down the U.S. Global Change Research Program website, which provided information on global warming's impact on the U.S., effectively erasing access to critical climate data [7] Group 3: Fossil Fuel Policies - The U.S. Department of the Interior announced the reopening of 23 million acres in Alaska for oil drilling, allowing for increased fossil fuel extraction [11] - The administration aims to double the flow of oil through pipelines in Alaska, with significant reductions in federal land oil and gas leasing fees and delays in penalties for methane leaks from oil and gas companies [13] - The decision to exploit Alaskan wilderness for fossil fuel extraction raises concerns about the abandonment of international climate obligations and the impact on indigenous communities reliant on these lands [15]

Group 1 - The article discusses the extreme heat wave affecting multiple countries in the Northern Hemisphere, with temperatures exceeding 43°C in Spain and Portugal, and over 40°C in parts of West Asia and North Africa [2][6][10] - In China, the average temperature reached 21.1°C by June 25, 2025, marking the highest level since 1961, with predictions indicating temperatures in North China could exceed 42°C for over 30 days [6][10] - The World Meteorological Organization links these high-temperature events to the "heat dome" phenomenon, which is characterized by a persistent high-pressure system trapping heat in a specific area [10][11] Group 2 - The "heat dome" acts like a stubborn "goalkeeper," preventing cold air from entering, which leads to rising temperatures and extreme heat conditions [3][11] - The formation of the "heat dome" is influenced by three main factors: the inability of warm air to rise, descending air currents that enhance solar radiation, and prolonged dry weather that decreases soil moisture, creating a feedback loop that exacerbates heat [13][29] - The phenomenon is a natural occurrence, but its frequency and intensity are increasing due to global warming, posing significant challenges for humanity [13][26][29] Group 3 - The article highlights the critical threshold of wet bulb temperature at 35°C, which is considered the maximum temperature and humidity combination that the human body can withstand [14][19] - When wet bulb temperature reaches 35°C, it indicates that sweat cannot evaporate effectively, leading to a risk of heat-related illnesses and potentially death [16][19] - Research indicates that for every 1°C increase in temperature, the risk of death related to cardiovascular diseases increases by 2.1% [19][26]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the extreme high temperatures experienced in China this summer, particularly in the central and northern regions, highlighting the early onset and intensity of the heatwave, which is attributed to climate change and specific atmospheric conditions [1][2][3]. Weather Conditions - Since the beginning of summer, many regions in China have experienced persistent high temperatures, with some areas recording temperatures exceeding 40 degrees Celsius [1]. - In Hubei province, the average maximum temperature from July 1 to 15 was 35.8 degrees Celsius, which is 4.2 degrees Celsius higher than the historical average for the same period [1]. - Hubei has recorded 10.51 days of high temperatures as of July 15, marking the highest number for this time of year historically [2]. Climate Trends - Meteorological experts indicate that the summer heat is becoming more intense and prolonged, with a significant increase in the number of high-temperature days and their intensity over the years [3]. - In Henan province, the average summer temperature has risen by 1.5 degrees Celsius compared to the early 2000s, with the number of days with minimum temperatures above 28 degrees Celsius increasing significantly [3]. Future Projections - The climate models predict that the average number of high-temperature days in Henan will increase by approximately 3 days over the next 25 years [3]. - Hubei is expected to continue experiencing high temperatures, with forecasts indicating that July temperatures will be 1 to 1.6 degrees Celsius above the historical average, along with reduced rainfall [2]. Public Awareness - The article emphasizes the difference between measured air temperature and perceived temperature, explaining that the latter can feel significantly higher due to factors like humidity and direct sunlight [4]. - A yellow high-temperature warning was issued, advising vulnerable populations to take precautions against heat exposure [4].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is the ongoing trend of global warming and its significant impact on climate change in China, with the release of the "China Climate Change Blue Book (2025)" providing detailed monitoring data and trends [1][3][4] - The average global surface temperature in 2024 is reported to be the highest since 1850, with a notable increase in regional average temperatures in Asia, which are 1.04°C above the normal levels [3][4] - China's average surface temperature has shown a significant upward trend, increasing by 0.31°C every decade from 1961 to 2024, with 2024 marking the first year that the average temperature exceeds 1.0°C above normal [3][4] Group 2 - The concentration of major greenhouse gases continues to rise, with 2023 recording the highest levels of carbon dioxide (420.0±0.1 ppm), methane (1934±2.0 ppb), and nitrous oxide (336.9±0.1 ppb) [3][4] - Extreme weather events in China are increasing in frequency and intensity, with the climate risk index reaching its highest level since 1961 in 2024, particularly highlighting risks from flooding and high temperatures [4][5] - Global ocean warming has accelerated, with the average sea surface temperature in 2024 being 0.39°C above normal, marking the highest level since 1870 [5][6] Group 3 - The overall vegetation coverage in China has shown a stable increase, with the average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) rising by 8.2% compared to the average from 2001 to 2020, reaching 0.358 in 2024 [5][6] - The phenological phases of representative plant species in China are occurring earlier, with significant advancements in leafing periods observed at various monitoring stations [6]

Group 1: Extreme Heat Events - The summer of 2023 has seen unprecedented heat waves across Europe, with temperatures reaching historical highs, such as 48.8°C in Sicily and 46.6°C in Spain [1][2] - The number of heat-related deaths in Spain surged to 1,180 from May 16 to July 13, 2025, marking a 935% increase compared to the same period last year [1] - The frequency and intensity of extreme heat events in Europe are increasing, with some cities facing heat periods lasting up to five months [5][6] Group 2: Health and Environmental Impact - Extreme heat has resulted in over 60,000 deaths in Europe during the summer of 2022, alongside severe ecological impacts from wildfires and droughts [2][6] - The health risks associated with prolonged high temperatures are particularly acute for vulnerable populations, including the elderly [5][10] - The ongoing heat waves are reshaping urban living conditions, with increased hospitalizations and changes in work schedules due to extreme temperatures [4][11] Group 3: Air Conditioning Debate - The debate over the widespread deployment of air conditioning has intensified, with some experts arguing it is a short-term solution that exacerbates greenhouse gas emissions [3][8] - The low penetration of air conditioning in Europe, with only about 5% in France and 3% in Germany, contrasts sharply with the higher rates in the US and China [8][9] - The European Union is cautious about promoting air conditioning due to its potential to conflict with carbon neutrality goals and the ongoing energy crisis [9][10] Group 4: Infrastructure and Adaptation Strategies - The need for infrastructure upgrades is critical, as extreme heat impacts tourism and public services, leading to closures of popular sites and transportation disruptions [11][12] - Recommendations include enhancing building designs for better heat resistance, implementing green roofs, and establishing climate shelters for vulnerable populations [12] - The call for a multi-faceted approach to climate adaptation emphasizes the importance of energy-efficient technologies and improved public health systems to manage heat-related challenges [10][12]

Core Insights - The research led by Sun Yat-sen University provides a long-term assessment of the melting status of polar ice caps, highlighting the accelerating melting of both the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets due to global warming [1][2] - The study identifies the reduction of Arctic sea ice and the recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole as key drivers of this phenomenon [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The Greenland ice sheet is losing approximately 4.5 billion tons of meltwater per year from 1992 to 2022, significantly increasing its contribution to sea level rise [2] - The study utilized satellite data combined with ground observations to quantify the relationship between Arctic sea ice reduction and the accelerated melting of the Greenland ice sheet [2] - The East Antarctic ice sheet has become the largest source of meltwater in Antarctica, surpassing the Antarctic Peninsula, with its meltwater volume significantly correlated with the recovery of the ozone layer [2] Group 2: Implications - The recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole, while beneficial for the environment, may inadvertently lead to extreme melting events in the East Antarctic ice sheet, showcasing the complexity of Earth's system responses [3] - The findings emphasize the need for a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness of climate factors and their impacts on polar ice dynamics [3]