《 人民日报 》（ 2025年11月16日 02 版） (责编：赵欣悦、袁勃) 本报北京11月15日电 （记者申少铁）记者日前从第五届中国人口与发展论坛获悉：目前，我国每千人 口拥有3岁以下婴幼儿托位数已达到4.73个，超额完成"十四五"规划提出的2025年每千人口托位数达到 4.5个的目标。 "十四五"时期，我国大力推进托育服务体系建设，目前，共有12.6万家托育服务机构，提供的托位总数 达到665.7万个。近年来，我国出台一揽子生育支持政策措施，推动建设生育友好型社会。在服务支持 方面，全面推进分娩镇痛工作，持续开展母婴安全行动，加强儿科建设；在经济支持方面，建立实施育 儿补贴制度，目前已有3170多万条申请，各地已于2025年11月中旬陆续开始发放育儿补贴。 ...

2025.11. 15 首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院教授姜全保对第一财经分析，我国幅员辽阔，各地经济发展水平存在 差异，既有省际差异，也有省域内各地市之间的差异。因此，在国家育儿补贴制度的基础上，各地因 地制宜，尽力而为、量力而行，在本地财力允许的范围内出台补贴政策。 当前，我国已由人口增量发展转向减量发展阶段，人口发展呈现少子化、老龄化、区域人口增减分化 的趋势性特征。 河北大学经济学院教授王金营撰文分析，未来人口发展面临严峻挑战。长期低生育率将导致人口规模 缩减、结构老化以及区域人口增减分化。若低生育率问题未在2025—2050年有效缓解，2050年后 人口年均缩减速度可能达1.5%，到21世纪末人口总量将大幅下降，老龄化水平或超过40%，这将对 产业、城市、基础设施与公共服务体系的稳定构成影响。因此，持续偏低的生育率已成为制约人口高 质量发展的关键瓶颈。 本文字数：1692，阅读时长大约3分钟 作者 | 第一财经 林靖 据央视报道，第五届中国人口与发展论坛11月14日在北京举行。国家卫生健康委主任雷海潮介 绍，"十四五"以来，我国不断完善生育政策体系和激励机制。2025年9月开始申领育儿补贴，目前全 国 ...

Core Points - Since the "14th Five-Year Plan," China has been improving its fertility policy system and incentive mechanisms, with a nationwide rollout of child-rearing subsidies starting in September 2025 [1] - The national child-rearing subsidy plan, announced on July 28, 2023, provides an annual subsidy of 3,600 yuan for each child until they reach three years old, applicable to all children regardless of birth order [1] - Local governments are encouraged to implement additional subsidy measures based on their financial capabilities, with the first local subsidy adjustment already announced in Ordos City [1] Group 1: Policy Implementation - The national child-rearing subsidy system has received over 31.7 million applications, with disbursements beginning in mid-November 2023 [1] - The subsidy is structured to provide 10,000 yuan per year for third children in Ordos, combining the national standard with local enhancements [1] Group 2: Demographic Challenges - Experts highlight that China is transitioning from population growth to decline, facing challenges such as low birth rates and an aging population [2] - If low birth rates persist, projections indicate a potential annual population decrease of 1.5% post-2050, with aging rates exceeding 40% by the end of the century [2] Group 3: Future Strategies - The "15th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the need to integrate birth rate enhancement into broader population development strategies, focusing on both short-term and long-term initiatives [3] - Proposed measures include establishing a comprehensive cost-sharing mechanism for childbirth and child-rearing, improving public services, and fostering a supportive social culture for marriage and childbirth [3] Group 4: Economic and Service Support - Economic support measures include increasing tax deductions for childcare costs and expanding the coverage of maternity insurance [4] - As of now, there are 126,000 childcare service institutions in China, with a total of 6.657 million childcare spots, exceeding the target set in the "14th Five-Year Plan" [4][5]

发展托育服务是促进人口高质量发展和生育友好的重要举措。近年来，我国出台一揽子生育支持政策措 施，推动建设生育友好型社会。 当前，我国总体上已由人口增量发展转向减量发展阶段，人口发展呈现少子化、老龄化、区域人口增减 分化等明显的趋势性特征。"十五五"规划建议明确提出"促进人口高质量发展""健全覆盖全人群、全生 命周期的人口服务体系"。 新华社北京11月14日电（记者田晓航）记者11月14日从第五届中国人口与发展论坛获悉，目前，我国每 千人口拥有3岁以下婴幼儿托位数已达到4.73个，超额完成"十四五"规划提出的2025年每千人口托位数 达到4.5个的目标。 与会嘉宾普遍认为，"十五五"期间应加强统筹协调和政策储备，持续完善育儿补贴、休假、社保、税收 等方面生育支持政策和激励机制，不断降低家庭生育养育教育成本，营造全社会尊重生育、支持生育的 良好氛围，积极构建生育友好型社会。 国家卫生健康委员会主任雷海潮在论坛上介绍，"十四五"时期，我国大力推进托育服务体系建设，目 前，全国共有12.6万家托育服务机构，提供的托位总数达到665.7万个。 据介绍，在服务支持方面，我国全面推进分娩镇痛工作，持续开展母婴安全行动，加强 ...

Core Viewpoint - China is transitioning from population growth to a phase of decline, characterized by low birth rates, aging population, and regional population disparities. The current fertility level is approximately 1.1 children per woman, significantly below the ideal number of 1.8 and intended number of 1.6 [3][4]. Policy and Support Measures - The Chinese government is advocating for a positive marriage and childbirth outlook, optimizing fertility support policies, and implementing measures such as childcare subsidies and personal income tax deductions to reduce family costs associated with childbirth and education [4][7]. - The establishment of a comprehensive fertility support system is underway, focusing on three core areas: maternity insurance, care services, and reproductive health [3][6]. Healthcare and Financial Support - Recent improvements in healthcare support include the inclusion of therapeutic assisted reproductive technologies in insurance coverage, benefiting around 1 million families in 2024 [4][5]. - Beijing has integrated 16 assisted reproductive projects into its medical insurance, covering 647,000 patients with total costs of 863 million yuan, of which 581 million yuan was funded by insurance [5]. Local Government Initiatives - Hunan Province has introduced measures to enhance maternity services, ensuring that public medical institutions are available in areas with varying populations [6]. - The implementation of a national childcare subsidy program will provide 3,600 yuan annually for each child until the age of three, starting January 1, 2025 [7][8]. Educational Support - The government plans to gradually implement free preschool education, starting from the 2025 academic year, to alleviate the financial burden on families [8][9]. - The integration of free education policies is seen as a crucial part of the broader fertility support framework, aimed at fostering a child-friendly environment [8][9]. Comprehensive Approach - A multi-faceted approach is necessary to encourage childbirth, addressing economic support, education, childcare, medical care, and housing [9]. - Companies are encouraged to participate in this initiative by fulfilling social responsibilities, such as providing childcare facilities and implementing parental leave policies [9].

Core Viewpoint - China is entering a phase of negative population growth characterized by declining birth rates, aging population, and regional population disparities [1][2] Group 1: Population Trends - The current ideal number of children for the reproductive population is approximately 1.8, with an actual intended number of about 1.6, while the real birth rate is around 1.1 [1] - The transition to a negative population growth phase is occurring more rapidly in China compared to developed countries, completing in decades what took centuries elsewhere [1] Group 2: Policy Recommendations - The need for precise identification of family needs and timely policy adjustments to promote a supportive environment for childbirth is emphasized [1] - The proposal includes establishing a comprehensive support system focusing on maternity insurance, caregiving services, and reproductive health [1] Group 3: Support Measures - The government is advocating for improved birth support policies, including child-rearing subsidies and tax deductions to lower family costs associated with childbirth and education [2] - Recent initiatives include the inclusion of assisted reproductive technology in medical insurance, benefiting around 1 million families in 2024 [2][3] Group 4: Local Initiatives - Beijing has integrated 16 assisted reproductive projects into its medical insurance, serving 647,000 patients with total costs of 863 million yuan, of which 581 million yuan was covered by insurance [3] - Hunan Province has introduced measures to enhance maternal care services and improve the childbirth experience through better hospital facilities and pain management options [4] Group 5: Educational Support - A national childcare subsidy program will provide 3,600 yuan annually for each child until the age of three, starting from January 1, 2025 [5] - The government plans to gradually implement free preschool education, alleviating financial burdens on families [5] Group 6: Corporate Involvement - Companies are encouraged to take social responsibility by supporting childcare facilities and implementing parental leave policies, contributing to a more family-friendly environment [6]

近年来，我国全面提升住院分娩医疗费用保障水平，积极推动政策范围内生育医疗费用全额保障，吉 林、江苏、山东等7个省份已率先实现生娃基本不花钱。 （文章来源：21世纪经济报道） 据央视新闻，近日，一位广东网友在国家医保局微信公众号评论区介绍，自己住院分娩个人只花了3.7 元，引发大家关注。 今年以来，仅在广州市，就有7000多位宝妈生娃经过生育保险报销后，自己花费不到100元，其中，有 881人花了不到10元，甚至还有67人一分钱都没花。当然，如果参保人入住特需病房，或使用一些不在 生育保险目录内的药品耗材等，其费用就不能使用生育保险进行报销了。 ...

在认真听取大家发言后，周波指出，要深入学习贯彻习近平总书记关于人口工作的重要论述，准确 把握人口发展面临的新形势、新特征，切实增强推动人口高质量发展的政治自觉、思想自觉和行动自 觉。要进一步解放思想，结合辽宁实际，聚焦关键环节，细化政策举措，坚持尽力而为、量力而行，做 好降低生育成本、完善托育服务体系、保障女性就业权益、构建生育友好型社会等相关工作，确保各项 生育支持政策不折不扣落地落实，有效减轻群众生育、养育、教育负担。 11月11日，省政协举行"建立完善生育支持政策，促进人口高质量发展"专题协商会。省政协主席周 波主持会议并讲话。 会上，省发展改革委、省卫生健康委和丹东、朝阳市政府有关负责同志通报了我省建立完善生育支 持政策,促进人口高质量发展有关情况。贺丹、李宇鹏、卜兰杰、张淑华、蒋爱国、杨楠等政协委员和 专家学者先后发言，提出坚持投资于物和投资于人紧密结合，优化生育支持政策和激励措施；健全青年 发展与家庭支持体系；将生育支持政策深度融入我省"十五五"规划；完善生育受限群体生育保障政策； 降低教育成本，提升生育意愿；深化托幼一体化，筑牢我省 "幼有所育"根基等建议。 省领导吴春耕、余功斌出席会议并讲话。 ...

Core Points - Xi'an is implementing a universal childcare service voucher program aimed at enhancing parental participation in childcare services and reducing family childcare burdens [1] - The program will run from November 10, 2025, to June 30, 2026, distributing 1,800 vouchers monthly for a total of 8 months [1] - Eligible families with children under 3 years old can apply for the vouchers, which can be redeemed at registered childcare institutions within 30 days of issuance [1] Summary by Category - **Voucher Details** - Families with infants aged 12 months or younger can receive a voucher worth 1,000 yuan, with 200 vouchers available each month [1] - Families with infants aged 13 to 24 months can receive a voucher worth 500 yuan, with 800 vouchers available each month [1] - Families with children aged 25 months to just under kindergarten age can also receive a voucher worth 500 yuan, with 800 vouchers available each month [1] - **Application Process** - Vouchers will be issued in electronic form, and families can apply through the "Xi'an Infant Care Service Industry Association" WeChat public account by responding with the keyword "voucher" [1] - Successful applicants will be notified via WeChat, and they can check their voucher status through the same platform [2]

Core Insights - The national medical insurance bureau is accelerating the establishment of a comprehensive fertility保障 system, benefiting over 1 million people by including assisted reproduction in medical insurance across all provinces and regions by the end of October [1] - The direct payment of maternity benefits to individuals has been implemented in 25 provinces, enhancing convenience for insured female employees [2][3] - Seven provinces have achieved a model where childbirth incurs minimal costs, with reports of individuals spending as little as 3.7 yuan for hospital delivery [4] Group 1: Fertility Insurance and Benefits - The national medical insurance bureau has included assisted reproduction in medical insurance, benefiting over 1 million people [1] - By 2025, the average maternity benefit for insured female employees is projected to exceed 26,000 yuan [3] - The direct payment of maternity benefits to individuals has been implemented in 25 provinces, streamlining the process and reducing the need for additional documentation [2][3] Group 2: Cost Reduction in Childbirth - Seven provinces have achieved a model where childbirth incurs minimal costs, with reports of individuals spending as little as 3.7 yuan for hospital delivery [4] - In Guangzhou, over 7,000 mothers have reported spending less than 100 yuan after insurance reimbursement since 2025 [4] - The new reimbursement policies have significantly eased the financial burden on families during childbirth [4] Group 3: Inclusion of Flexible Employment and Newborn Coverage - From November 1, 2025, flexible employment insurance participants will enjoy the same maternity benefits as employed workers [5] - Male employees with unemployed spouses can also benefit from maternity medical expense reimbursements [6] Group 4: Childcare and Health Services - The development of a childcare service system has increased the availability of childcare spots for children under three years old [7] - Integrated medical and educational services are being promoted, with facilities providing comprehensive care for children [7][8]