中国发展改革报社记者 | 白 雪 在能源转型中，虚拟电厂通过提升新能源消纳能力、增强电网稳定性及推动需求侧响应，成为实现碳中 和目标的关键支柱，尤其在新能源占比提升、传统能源退出的背景下，其作用愈发凸显。近日，国家发 展改革委、国家能源局印发《关于加快推进虚拟电厂发展的指导意见》（以下简称《意见》）明确，加 快推进虚拟电厂发展。业内专家预测，未来3～5年，虚拟电厂将迎来快速发展期，在助力构建新型电力 系统方面，虚拟电厂或将取得实质性进展。 优势：成本效益、灵活性和可持续性 虚拟电厂是基于电力系统架构，运用现代信息通信、系统集成控制等技术，作为新型经营主体协同参与 电力系统优化和电力市场交易的电力运行组织模式。 "它能够聚合分布式能源、可调节负荷、储能等分散资源，通过智能控制和调度系统实现集中管理，提 高电力系统的灵活性和可靠性。"中关村物联网产业联盟副秘书长袁帅在接受本报记者采访时介绍，相 较于传统电力供应模式，虚拟电厂的优势主要体现在成本效益、灵活性和可持续性方面，其建设成本远 低于实体电厂，且能够更高效地应对电力需求波动，促进清洁能源消纳，减少环境污染。 自然资源保护协会清洁电力项目副主任刘明明表示："虚 ...

以下文章来源于中金量化及ESG ，作者潘海怡 刘均伟等 中金量化及ESG . 中金量化研究报告 Abstract 摘要 点击小程序查看报告原文 中金ESG评级总览 中金ESG评级由研究部与研究院团队共同搭建——以财务重要性特征为核心，基于ESG评级搭建的一般性流程，将中金公司研究部行业研究团队对行业与 上市公司的理解融入评级框架，并借鉴中金研究院对碳中和等热点话题的前沿研究。评级体系V1.0版本于2022年底首次发布，2023年10月更新至V2.0版 本。 中金ESG评级具有三大特色： 接轨国际ESG准则并体现国内ESG发展特点、ESG与行业研究等多维度研究能力的全面融合、定量手段赋能数据资源与指标 体系整合。 中金ESG评级2025Q1更新：全样本概览 评级结果全样本分布： 2025Q1期A股ESG得分近似右偏分布，分数集中于1.5-8分区间；港股ESG得分呈双峰分布，分数集中于3.5-9分区间。 评级分域特征： 我们观察A股被评公司ESG得分的成分股、市值特征和基本面特征，沪深300与中证800指数成分股的ESG得分存在优势；市值规模与ESG 得分之间的正相关性较为明显；以该季度内最大回撤率和VaR值衡量 ...

4月18日晚间，科大智能发布公告称，公司及子公司数字能源与宁波宇格及宁波博勒签订的《投资合作协议》终止，同时数字能源将以245万元价格 收购 宁波宇格及宁波博勒持有的上海安能佳业储能技术有限公司 合计49% 股权。收购完成后，安能佳业将成为数字能源的全资子公司。 插播 ：拒绝鱼龙混杂， 让优质项目脱颖而出！"2024-2025用户侧储能项目TOP10榜单"征集进行中。点击 "阅读原文" 进行申报 终止投资合作、项目延期……近期，由于复杂的市场环境，3家储能相关上市企业公告，表示将募投项目延期或是终止投资合作协议，纵观他们出现 调整的原因，外部环境变化成为主因。 根据公告，安能佳业主要从事储能等相关业务，据原《投资合作协议》约定，合资方（宁波宇格、宁波博勒）主要负责安能佳业储能产品的海外市 场销售。双方此前合作意在结合合资方在海外的市场资源和渠道优势，快速推进公司储能相关数字能源业务在海外市场的布局以尽快抢占海外市 场。 公告指出， 由于受市场变化、海外储能相关产品库存压力较大导致产品价格持续走低等因素，海外市场开拓不及预期 。经各方充分友好协商，决定 终止相关合作，数字能源按照合资方原始出资额收购其持有的安能 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Outperform" rating for the public utility and environmental sectors [4][6]. Core Views - The report highlights that coal and electricity prices are declining simultaneously, which is expected to maintain reasonable profitability for thermal power companies. Recommendations include major thermal power enterprises such as Huadian International and Shanghai Electric [3][6]. - Continuous government policies supporting renewable energy development are anticipated to stabilize profitability in the renewable energy sector. Recommended companies include Longyuan Power, Three Gorges Energy, and regional offshore wind power companies like Guangxi Energy and Funiu Co [3][6]. - The growth in installed capacity and power generation is expected to offset the downward pressure on electricity prices, with nuclear power companies like China Nuclear Power and China General Nuclear Power projected to maintain stable profitability [3][6]. - High-dividend hydropower stocks are highlighted for their defensive attributes in a global interest rate decline context, with recommendations for Changjiang Electric Power [3][6]. - The environmental sector, particularly water and waste incineration industries, is entering a mature phase with significant improvements in free cash flow. Recommended companies include China Everbright Environment and Zhongshan Public Utilities [3][6]. Summary by Sections Market Review - The Shanghai Composite Index rose by 0.59%, while the public utility index increased by 1.77%. The environmental index saw a slight increase of 0.04% [12][19]. - In March, the total electricity consumption reached 828.2 billion kWh, marking a year-on-year growth of 4.8% [13][49]. Important Policies and Events - The report notes that in March, the first industry electricity consumption was 10.6 billion kWh (up 9.9%), the second industry was 557.8 billion kWh (up 3.8%), and the third industry was 148.4 billion kWh (up 8.4%) [13][52]. Key Company Profit Forecasts and Investment Ratings - Huadian International, Jin Kai New Energy, Shanghai Electric, Longyuan Power, and others are rated as "Outperform" with specific EPS and PE forecasts provided [6]. Industry Dynamics - The report discusses the decline in the import of mass spectrometers from the US, with a significant drop in both import value and quantity from 2020 to 2024 [15][17]. Sector Performance - The report indicates that the public utility and environmental sectors ranked 7th and 23rd respectively among 31 industry classifications in terms of performance [12][19]. Electricity Industry Data - The report provides detailed statistics on electricity generation, noting a 1.8% year-on-year increase in industrial electricity production in March, with specific growth rates for different energy sources [42][49]. Carbon Market Overview - The report includes insights into the domestic carbon market, highlighting recent price trends and trading volumes [86][87]. Coal Price Trends - The report notes that the price of thermal coal remained stable, with the price at the port reported at 678 RMB/ton [99].

Core Viewpoint - The ESG rating system in China has evolved from its infancy to maturity, becoming a core tool for driving the green transformation of the economy, influenced by both policy guidance and market forces [1][3]. ESG as a Key Factor in Credit Rating - Companies are increasingly focusing on ESG performance, with green bonds being a significant method for implementing ESG principles and reducing financing costs. In 2024, domestic companies issued 639 green bonds totaling 681.433 billion yuan, and 84 sustainable development-linked bonds totaling approximately 52.13 billion yuan, representing year-on-year growth of 42% and about 30% respectively [1][2]. Challenges Facing ESG Ratings - The ESG rating system faces challenges such as mismatched data quality and rating demands. Despite improvements in ESG information disclosure, there is still a predominance of qualitative descriptions over quantitative data, leading to issues with data transparency and accuracy [3][4][7]. Recommendations for ESG Rating System - To build an ESG rating system that aligns with China's national conditions, several key areas need focus: - Integrating national strategies into core ESG indicators, including unique metrics for rural revitalization and common prosperity [5]. - Highlighting industry characteristics by developing differentiated evaluation models for strategic emerging industries [5]. - Strengthening data governance by establishing a cross-departmental ESG data sharing platform and utilizing technologies like AI and blockchain for data integrity [5]. - Enhancing the value discovery and risk management functions of the ESG rating system, linking ESG ratings to financing costs and developing dynamic risk warning systems [5]. - Incorporating into the global ESG governance framework to facilitate the two-way opening of China's capital market [5]. Importance of ESG Ratings for Companies - ESG ratings serve as a "barometer" for corporate value and sustainable operations, reflecting the quality of corporate development. Companies are encouraged to integrate ESG principles into their strategic planning and establish robust data governance frameworks using advanced technologies [6].

Group 1 - The core event is a "Shanghai E-commerce Assistance for Foreign Trade to Domestic Sales Matching Conference" where 16 leading e-commerce platforms engaged with nearly 80 foreign trade companies to explore opportunities for domestic sales [1][4] - Companies like Shanghai Tahui Knitting Factory and Beijin International are actively seeking to expand into the domestic market, showcasing their products and discussing potential collaborations with e-commerce platforms [2][3] - JD Group has initiated a support plan for foreign trade companies transitioning to domestic sales, announcing a special procurement fund of 200 billion yuan, with over 6,000 companies already in contact and nearly 1,000 in substantive negotiations [3][4] Group 2 - The Shanghai Municipal Commerce Commission is providing various support services to reduce the costs for foreign trade companies entering the domestic market, including policy consultation and product certification [4] - Physical commercial enterprises, such as Shanghai Global Harbor and Yuexing Group, are also assisting foreign trade companies by offering free venues and dedicated service teams to facilitate their entry into the domestic market [4]

Core Viewpoint - The strategic cooperation between Shenzhou Smart Electric Co., Ltd. and HK Electric marks a significant step in China's "going out" strategy for smart grids, aiming to transform the energy governance landscape from a technology exporter to a rule and market leader [1][3]. Group 1: Cooperation Objectives - The primary goal is to establish an international smart grid demonstration zone starting from Hong Kong, focusing on policy, technology, industry, and finance to create a "Hong Kong-based, Greater Bay Area-linked, Southeast Asia-radiating" model [1][3]. - By 2026, the smart grid coverage in Hong Kong is expected to reach 85%, with renewable energy accounting for over 35% of the energy mix [6]. Group 2: Key Areas of Collaboration - The partnership will involve the construction of a smart grid model project in Hong Kong, including smart substations, edge AI scheduling platforms, and blockchain-based electricity tracking systems for full-process visualization and automation [4]. - Development of low-carbon parks, smart buildings, and V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) systems to enhance urban energy efficiency [3][5]. Group 3: Financial and Technological Integration - The initiative aims to create a "green electricity-smart scheduling-digital settlement" full-chain system, incorporating AI scheduling platforms and smart terminal networks [3]. - A pilot program for using the Renminbi in cross-border electricity transactions will be implemented to support the internationalization of the Renminbi [5]. Group 4: Regional Standards and Expansion - The collaboration will lead to the formulation of technical standards and regulatory rules for smart grid interconnectivity in Asia, exporting China's governance experience [3][6]. - Future expansion plans include extending operations to countries along the Belt and Road Initiative, such as Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, through technology cooperation and green finance support [3][6]. Group 5: Expert Insights - Experts highlight that this partnership is not just a technical integration but an extension of national strategy, indicating a shift from internal circulation to external linkage in China's smart grid system [7].

沪铝早报- 交易咨询业务资格：证监许可【2012】1091号 大越期货投资咨询部 ：祝森林 从业资格证号：F3023048 投资咨询证号：Z0013626 联系方式：0575-85226759 重要提示：本报告非期货交易咨询业务项下服务，其中的观点和信息仅作参考之用，不构成对任何人的投资建议。 我司不会因为关注、收到或阅读本报告内容而视相关人员为客户；市场有风险，投资需谨慎。 每日观点 铝: 1、基本面：碳中和控制产能扩张，下游需求不强劲，房地产延续疲软，宏观短期情绪多变；中性。 2、基差：现货19690，基差95，升水期货，中性。 3、库存：上期所铝库存较上周减9447吨至205627吨；中性。 4、盘面：收盘价收于20均线下，20均线向下运行；偏空。 5、主力持仓：主力净持仓空，空增；偏空。 6、预期：碳中和催发铝行业变革，长期利多铝价，美国全面关税远超预期，关税延期情绪或有所好转。 近期利多利空分析 利多： 现货价格 利空： 逻辑： 降息和需求疲软博弈 1、碳中和控制产能扩张。 2、俄乌地缘政治扰动，影响俄铝供应。 3、降息 1、铝棒库存维持历史高位，消费不佳。 2、全球经济并不乐观，高铝价会压制下游消 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for the electric power equipment and new energy sector, indicating an expected investment return exceeding 15% over the next 6-12 months compared to the market benchmark index [5][8]. Core Insights - The implementation of the new national standard GB38031-2025 for electric vehicle power batteries, effective from July 1, 2026, significantly enhances safety requirements, particularly regarding thermal runaway incidents [1][2]. - The new standard introduces several upgrades, including new triggering methods for thermal runaway, extended monitoring times, and additional safety tests for fast-charging cycles, which are expected to increase the demand for solid-state batteries and related safety technologies [2][3]. - The industry is likely to see a consolidation trend as companies unable to meet the new safety standards may exit the market, leading to a higher concentration of leading firms [3]. Summary by Sections New Standards and Requirements - The GB38031-2025 standard includes upgraded triggering methods for thermal runaway, new thermal stability requirements, extended observation times, and additional impact tests for battery safety [2]. - Specific requirements include no fire or explosion during testing after fast charging cycles, and the need for alarms and smoke-free conditions in passenger compartments [2]. Market Implications - The heightened safety requirements are expected to drive demand for solid-state batteries and innovations in safety materials and systems, such as composite electrolytes and cooling systems [3]. - The report suggests that the implementation of the new standards will catalyze the development and commercialization of solid-state batteries, with significant opportunities for companies involved in this technology [3]. Investment Opportunities - The report highlights potential investment opportunities in companies focusing on solid-state electrolytes, battery equipment, and safety materials, including Ningde Times, Shanghai Xiba, and others [3].

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided 2. Core Viewpoints - The fundamentals of aluminum are neutral due to carbon - neutrality controlling capacity expansion, weak downstream demand, and a soft real - estate market with changeable short - term macro sentiment [2]. - The basis shows a premium to futures, which is bullish as the spot price is 19750 and the basis is 145 [2]. - The inventory of SHFE aluminum decreased by 9447 tons to 205627 tons last week, which is neutral [2]. - The closing price is below the 20 - day moving average and the 20 - day moving average is downward, which is bearish [2]. - The net position of the main players is short and the short position is increasing, which is bearish [2]. - In the long - term, carbon - neutrality will drive changes in the aluminum industry and is bullish for aluminum prices. The sentiment regarding the extension of US tariffs may improve [2]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs 3.1 Recent利多利空Analysis - **Likely factors**: Carbon - neutrality controls capacity expansion; geopolitical issues between Russia and Ukraine affect Russian aluminum supply; there is a possibility of interest rate cuts [3]. - **Negative factors**: Aluminum bar inventory remains at a historical high with poor consumption; the global economy is not optimistic and high aluminum prices will suppress downstream consumption; the export tax rebate for aluminum products has been cancelled [3]. 3.2 Daily Summary - **Spot prices**: Shanghai's spot price decreased by 375 to 70770, Nanchu's decreased by 450 to 70690, and Changjiang's decreased by 400 to 70870 [4]. - **Inventory**: SHFE warehouse receipts increased by 699 to 70798 tons; LME inventory decreased by 425 to 74750 tons; SHFE inventory increased by 29728 to 136300 tons [4]. 3.3 Supply - Demand Balance - China's aluminum supply - demand balance shows that from 2018 - 2023, there was a supply shortage in most years, with shortages of 47.61, 68.61, - 14.2, - 29.98, and 4.31 million tons respectively. In 2024, there is an expected supply surplus of 15 million tons [23].