Market Performance - The CSI 500 Index increased by 2.1%, the CSI 1000 Index rose by 1.4%, the CSI 2000 Index went up by 1.2%, the STAR 100 Index gained 1.5%, and the ChiNext Mid-cap 200 Index climbed by 1.3% [1] ETF Overview - The E Fund CSI 500 ETF tracks the CSI 500 Index, which consists of 500 stocks with high market capitalization, covering all 11 first-level industries. The index's rolling P/E ratio is 34.7 times, with a valuation percentile of 67.0% since its inception in 2007 [2] - The E Fund CSI 1000 ETF tracks the CSI 1000 Index, which includes 1000 smaller, liquid stocks outside the CSI 800 Index, reflecting the performance of small-cap companies in the A-share market. The index's rolling P/E ratio is 47.2 times, with a valuation percentile of 68.5% since its inception in 2014 [2] - The E Fund CSI 2000 ETF tracks the CSI 2000 Index, which consists of 2000 smaller, liquid stocks, focusing on the performance of micro-cap stocks in the A-share market. The index's rolling P/E ratio is 158.0 times, and it was launched on August 7, 2023 [2] - The E Fund STAR 100 ETF tracks the STAR Market 100 Index, composed of 100 medium-sized, liquid stocks from the STAR Market, with over 75% of its composition in the electronics, power equipment, and pharmaceutical industries. The index's rolling P/E ratio is 203.1 times, and it was launched on August 7, 2023 [2] - The E Fund ChiNext Mid-cap 200 ETF tracks the ChiNext Mid-cap 200 Index, which includes 200 medium-sized, liquid stocks from the ChiNext market, with over 40% in the information technology sector. The index's rolling P/E ratio is 108.1 times, and it was launched on November 15, 2023 [3]

报告摘要 流动性：12月BCI中小企业融资环境指数值为47.15 点击注册小程序 查看完整报告 特别申明： 本订阅号中所涉及的证券研究信息由光大证券研究所编写，仅面向光大证券专业投资者客户，用作新媒体形势下研究 信息和研究观点的沟通交流。非光大证券专业投资者客户，请勿订阅、接收或使用本订阅号中的任何信息。本订阅号 难以设置访问权限，若给您造成不便，敬请谅解。光大证券研究所不会因关注、收到或阅读本订阅号推送内容而视相 关人员为光大证券的客户。 （1）BCI中小企业融资环境指数2025年12月值为47.15，环比上月-10.19%；（2）M1和M2增速差与上证 指数存在较强的正向相关性：M1和M2增速差在2025年11月为-3.1个百分点，环比-1.1个百分点；（3）本 周伦敦金现价格为4333美元/盎司。 基建和地产链条：12月全国钢铁PMI新订单指数环比-3.5个百分点至45.4% （1）本周价格变动：螺纹+1.22%、水泥价格指数-0.06%、橡胶+0.33%、焦炭+0.00%、焦煤-0.36%、铁矿 +1.77%；（2）本周全国高炉产能利用率、水泥、沥青开工率环比-0.39pct、+12.41pct、-2 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Overweight" rating for the steel and non-ferrous metals sectors [5] Core Insights - The report highlights that hot-rolled inventory is at its highest level for the same period in five years, indicating potential supply chain pressures [41] - The liquidity environment is characterized by a historical high in gold prices, with the London gold spot price reaching $4,533 per ounce [11] - The report notes a decline in construction activity, with national real estate new starts down 20.50% year-on-year for the first 11 months of 2025 [20] Summary by Relevant Sections Liquidity - The BCI small and medium enterprise financing environment index for December 2025 is at 47.15, down 10.19% month-on-month [11] - The M1 and M2 growth rate difference was -3.1 percentage points in November 2025, a decrease of 1.10 percentage points month-on-month [18] - The current London gold price is $4,533 per ounce, reflecting a 4.41% increase from the previous week [11] Infrastructure and Real Estate Chain - Hot-rolled inventory is at the highest level for the same period in five years, with rebar prices down 1.20% this week [41] - The national high furnace capacity utilization rate is at 85%, unchanged from the previous week [10] - The cement price index has decreased by 0.49% this week, with a national cement utilization rate of 30.14%, down 0.9 percentage points [59] Industrial Chain - The national semi-steel tire operating rate is at 72.05%, up 0.66 percentage points week-on-week [2] - The price of tungsten concentrate has reached a new high since 2012, at 460,500 yuan per ton, up 6.35% from last week [2] - The price of electrolytic aluminum is 22,060 yuan per ton, reflecting a 1.01% increase week-on-week [10] Price Relationships - The price difference between hot-rolled and rebar has turned positive, with the current difference at 10 yuan per ton [3] - The price ratio of rebar to iron ore is 4.02 this week [3] - The price of stainless steel hot-rolled and electrolytic nickel has a ratio of 0.10 [3] Export Chain - The new export orders PMI for China in November is 47.60%, an increase of 1.7 percentage points month-on-month [3] - The CCFI composite index for container shipping rates is at 1,146.67 points, up 1.95% week-on-week [3] - The U.S. crude steel capacity utilization rate is at 75.30%, down 1.20 percentage points from the previous week [3] Valuation Metrics - The CSI 300 index increased by 1.95%, with the chemical sector performing best at +4.23% [4] - The PB ratio for the steel sector relative to the CSI 300 is currently at 0.50, with a historical high of 0.82 [4] - The report suggests that the steel sector's supply may be reasonably constrained, leading to potential recovery in profitability to historical average levels [4]

Market Overview - The overall market experienced a rise and then a pullback, with the Shanghai Composite Index increasing by 0.07%, marking five consecutive days of gains, and total market turnover exceeding 1.9 trillion yuan [1] - The CSI 300 Index and the CSI A500 Index both rose by 0.2%, while the ChiNext Index and the STAR Market 50 Index increased by 0.4% [1] Sector Performance - Active sectors included photolithography machines, batteries, and energy metals, while tourism and commercial aerospace sectors saw adjustments [1] - In the Hong Kong market, there was a fluctuation with most AI industry chain stocks weakening, and the innovative drug sector experienced a rise followed by a pullback [1] Index Details - The CSI 300 Index consists of 300 stocks from the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets, with a rolling P/E ratio of 14.1 times, placing it in the 62.7 percentile since its inception in 2005 [2] - The CSI A500 Index is made up of 500 securities from various industries, with a rolling P/E ratio of 16.8 times, ranking in the 72.6 percentile since its launch in 2004 [2] - The STAR Market 50 Index, which tracks the top 50 stocks on the STAR Market, has a rolling P/E ratio of 159.3 times, placing it in the 96.2 percentile since its introduction in 2020 [3] - The Hang Seng China Enterprises Index, which includes 50 large and actively traded stocks from mainland China listed in Hong Kong, has a rolling P/E ratio of 10.4 times, ranking in the 63.4 percentile since 2002 [4]

Core Insights - The report emphasizes the importance of macroeconomic research as a critical component of the investment system, suggesting that many past concerns about the Chinese economy were overblown, and a new narrative focusing on innovation and industrial manufacturing is emerging [1] - It highlights the cyclical nature of stock valuations, indicating that understanding undervaluation and overvaluation is essential for successful investment strategies [1] - The steel industry is currently positioned at an absolute undervaluation, presenting a significant opportunity for value investment, with expectations of recovery in capital returns as capacity utilization improves [4] Industry Trends - The report notes that the steel industry is entering a long-term decline phase following industrial maturity, characterized by stable demand and low capital returns, with a projected capacity utilization rate of 82% in 2026 [4] - It discusses the cyclical trajectory of the steel industry, indicating that the current low capital returns are conducive to supply adjustments and potential mergers within the industry [4] - The report anticipates that the marginal recovery in capacity utilization in 2026 will further enhance capital returns in the steel sector, contingent on effective policy implementation [4] Investment Strategy - The report recommends focusing on companies that are likely to benefit from improving capital returns, such as Baosteel, Hesteel, Nanjing Steel, and Xinyu Steel, as they are expected to provide significant investment value despite having moved away from absolute undervaluation [4] - It emphasizes the need for a detailed approach to selecting specific stocks within the steel sector, as the overall market dynamics shift towards a more stable economic environment [4] - The report suggests that the investment strategy should adapt to the changing economic landscape, where excess capital in society will influence market trends and stock valuations [4]

Market Overview - A-shares experienced a collective adjustment in the morning session, with the major indices showing declines. The CSI 500 Index fell by 0.7%, the CSI 300 Index also decreased by 0.7%, the ChiNext Index dropped by 0.9%, and the STAR Market 50 Index declined by 1.1% [1] - The Hang Seng Index in Hong Kong showed weakness, with declines in the non-ferrous metals and consumer staples sectors, resulting in a 1.4% drop in the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index [1] Index Performance - The CSI 300 Index, which consists of 300 large-cap stocks from the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets, had a rolling P/E ratio of 14.4 times and fell by 0.7% [3] - The CSI 500 Index, covering 500 stocks with good liquidity, had a rolling P/E ratio of 16.9 times and also decreased by 0.7% [3] - The ChiNext Index, which includes 100 large-cap stocks in the ChiNext market, had a rolling P/E ratio of 41.9 times and fell by 0.9% [3] - The STAR Market 50 Index, focusing on large-cap stocks in the STAR Market, had a rolling P/E ratio of 176.0 times and declined by 1.1% [4] - The Hang Seng China Enterprises Index, which tracks 50 large-cap Chinese companies listed in Hong Kong, had a rolling P/E ratio of 10.8 times and decreased by 1.4% [4]

Group 1 - The article introduces key investment terms to help beginners understand fund investment better [4][5][7][10][11][15][16][18]. - "Left-side trading" refers to buying undervalued assets before a price increase occurs [4][5]. - "Right-side trading" involves waiting for a clear upward trend before making a purchase, acknowledging potential hidden risks [7]. - "Maximum drawdown" measures the largest decline from a peak to a trough during a specific period, indicating the worst-case scenario for investors [8]. - "Sharpe ratio" assesses the risk-adjusted return of a fund, with a higher ratio indicating better performance relative to risk [10][11][12]. - "Bullish/Bearish" sentiment is influenced by new policies or technological breakthroughs, leading to increased buying or selling pressure [15][16]. - "Valuation percentile" helps determine whether a fund's current price is high or low compared to its historical valuation [18].

Summary of Key Points Core Viewpoint - The report highlights significant trends in liquidity, construction, real estate, industrial products, and export chains, indicating a mixed economic outlook with specific sectors showing growth while others face challenges. Group 1: Liquidity - The London gold spot price reached a historical high this week, increasing by 3.74% compared to last week [3] - The BCI small enterprise financing environment index for May 2025 is at 49.09, up by 2.20% month-on-month [3] - The M1 and M2 growth rate difference in May 2025 is -5.6 percentage points, an increase of 0.9 percentage points from the previous month [3] Group 2: Infrastructure and Real Estate Chain - The average daily crude steel output of key enterprises in early June 2025 is 2.159 million tons, up by 3.25% month-on-month [4] - Price changes this week include rebar down by 2.23%, cement price index up by 1.86%, rubber up by 2.21%, coke down by 5.65%, coking coal down by 1.05%, and iron ore down by 1.36% [4] - The national blast furnace capacity utilization rate, cement, asphalt, and full steel tire operating rates changed by -0.07 percentage points, +0.90 percentage points, -1.0 percentage points, and -2.23 percentage points respectively [4] Group 3: Real Estate Completion Chain - The prices of titanium dioxide and flat glass remained unchanged this week, with flat glass gross profit at -58 yuan/ton and titanium dioxide profit at -762 yuan/ton [5] - The operating rate of flat glass this week is 75.42% [5] Group 4: Industrial Products Chain - Major commodity prices this week include cold-rolled steel up by 0.54%, copper up by 0.10%, and aluminum up by 2.87%, with corresponding gross profit changes of +78.85%, -18.19%, and +24.59% respectively [6] - The national semi-steel tire operating rate is 77.98%, an increase of 4.12 percentage points [6] Group 5: Subcategories - Tungsten concentrate prices remain at the highest level since 2011 [7] - The price of graphite electrodes is 18,000 yuan/ton, unchanged, with a gross profit of 1,357.4 yuan/ton, down by 1.39% [7] - The price of electrolytic aluminum is 20,760 yuan/ton, up by 2.87%, with estimated profit at 3,004 yuan/ton (excluding tax), up by 24.59% [7] Group 6: Price Comparison Relationships - The price ratio of rebar to iron ore this week is 4.13 [8] - The price difference between hot-rolled and rebar steel is 130 yuan/ton this week [8] - The price difference between Shanghai cold-rolled and hot-rolled steel is 280 yuan/ton, down by 100 yuan/ton [8] Group 7: Export Chain - The new export orders PMI for China in May 2025 is 47.50%, an increase of 2.8 percentage points [9] - The China Containerized Freight Index (CCFI) this week is 1,243.05 points, up by 7.63% [9] - The U.S. crude steel capacity utilization rate is 79.50%, up by 1.30 percentage points [9] Group 8: Valuation Percentiles - The CSI 300 index decreased by 0.25% this week, with the best-performing cyclical sector being commercial vehicles, up by 7.24% [10] - The PB ratio of the general steel sector relative to the CSI 300 is currently 0.51, with the highest value since 2013 being 0.82 [10]

特别申明： 本订阅号中所涉及的证券研究信息由光大证券研究所编写，仅面向光大证券专业投资者客户，用作新媒体形势下研究 信息和研究观点的沟通交流。非光大证券专业投资者客户，请勿订阅、接收或使用本订阅号中的任何信息。本订阅号 难以设置访问权限，若给您造成不便，敬请谅解。光大证券研究所不会因关注、收到或阅读本订阅号推送内容而视相 关人员为光大证券的客户。 报告摘要 点击注册小程序 查看完整报告 工业品链条：半钢胎开工率处于五年同期高位 （1）本周主要大宗商品价格表现：冷轧、铜、铝价格环比-0.81%、+0.87%、-0.30%，对应的毛利环比变 化-22.72%、亏损环比-18.19%、-1.15%；（2）本周全国半钢胎开工率为73.86%，环比-4.39个百分点。 细分品种：钨精矿价格创2011年以来新高水平，氧化铝价格创近2个月来新高 （1）石墨电极：超高功率18000元/吨，环比+0.00%，综合毛利润为1357.4元/吨，环比-11.46%；（2）电 解铝价格为20180元/吨，环比-0.30%，测算利润为2411元/吨（不含税），环比-1.15%；（3）预焙阳极本 周价格为5330元/吨，环比+0.00%； ...

Summary of Key Points Core Viewpoint - The report highlights the current economic indicators and trends in various sectors, including liquidity, construction, real estate, and industrial products, providing insights into potential investment opportunities and market dynamics. Group 1: Liquidity and Financing Environment - The M1 and M2 growth rate difference in April 2025 is -6.5 percentage points, a month-on-month decrease of -1.10 percentage points [3] - The BCI small and medium enterprise financing environment index for April 2025 is 48.03, down -7.24% from the previous month [3] - There is a strong positive correlation between the M1 and M2 growth rate difference and the Shanghai Composite Index [3] Group 2: Construction and Real Estate Chain - Rebar prices have rebounded from an 8-month low, with a weekly increase of +1.59% [3] - The national steel PMI new orders index for April 2025 is 51%, an increase of +9.9 percentage points from the previous month [3] - Cement price index decreased by -1.45%, while rubber prices increased by +3.09% [3] Group 3: Industrial Products Chain - The operating rate of semi-steel tires is at a high level, recorded at 78.33%, an increase of +19.98 percentage points [4] - Major commodity prices show varied performance, with cold-rolled steel, copper, and aluminum prices increasing by +0.33%, +0.57%, and +3.48% respectively [4] Group 4: Price Trends of Specific Products - Tungsten concentrate prices have reached the highest level since 2011, while alumina and electrolytic aluminum prices have hit recent highs [5] - The price of electrolytic aluminum is 20,230 yuan/ton, with a month-on-month increase of +3.48% [5] - The price of graphite electrodes remains stable at 18,000 yuan/ton [5] Group 5: Export Chain - The new export orders PMI for China in April 2025 is 44.70%, a decrease of -4.3 percentage points [7] - The China Containerized Freight Index (CCFI) composite index is 1,104.88 points, down -0.14% from the previous week [8] - The U.S. crude steel capacity utilization rate is 77.50%, an increase of +0.70 percentage points [8] Group 6: Valuation Metrics - The Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index increased by +1.12%, with the shipping sector performing best at +6.87% [8] - The PB ratio of the general steel sector relative to the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets is currently at 0.53, with a historical high of 0.82 reached in August 2017 [8]