在全球资源博弈日益复杂的今天，一些国家开始通过不正当手段打破原有的贸易规则，寻找绕过中国出 口管制的途径。墨西哥的自贸区和泰国的经济走廊，成为了某些国家和企业的"资源中转站"。这种通过 第三方国家进行资源转运的做法，表面上符合国际贸易的自由化趋势，实则在破坏全球贸易规则的同 时，也加剧了资源争夺的暗流涌动。其背后不仅是资源富国与资源贫国之间的博弈，更是大国在全球经 济秩序中的深刻较量。 中国在近年对镓、锗、锑等关键矿产实施的出口管制，成为全球供应链中的一颗重磅炸弹。随着全球对 稀缺资源的需求激增，尤其是在高科技与军事领域，镓、锗、锑等矿产的战略地位日益凸显。中国作为 这些资源的最大生产国，其出口管制不仅让国际市场遭遇异常波动，还揭示了全球资源争夺背后的复杂 博弈和潜在的走私网络。美国在这一变动中的表现尤其引人注目，供应链的突变和跨国走私的愈演愈 烈，正是国际资源博弈加剧的一个缩影。 自2024年初，中国对镓、锗、锑等关键矿产的出口实施管制后，全球供应链立刻出现剧烈波动。根据最 新数据显示，2024年前四个月，泰国和墨西哥向美国的氧化锑出口量激增至3834吨，远超历史水平。这 两个几乎不产锑的国家，突然成为了美 ...

Core Viewpoint - The global competition for rare earth elements has intensified, with Russia's recent involvement heightening the rivalry between China and the United States [1][3]. Group 1: Russia's Position - Russia claims to have abundant rare earth reserves, with a total of 28.5 million tons identified, primarily located in the Lovozero and Tomtor mines [10]. - The announcement from Russia coincides with a stalemate in US-China negotiations, suggesting a potential supply option for the US [3][10]. - Despite the impressive figures, Russia's rare earth extraction and purification technology remains underdeveloped, posing challenges for large-scale production [12][14]. Group 2: China's Dominance - China holds 37% of global rare earth reserves and dominates the processing capacity, accounting for over 70% of the global market [14]. - The country has established a comprehensive and interconnected rare earth industry chain, excelling particularly in high-end rare earth products [14]. - China's technological advantages in rare earth processing are a significant barrier for competitors like the US and Russia, which lack similar capabilities [14]. Group 3: US Concerns - The US is heavily reliant on imported rare earths, primarily from China, which poses risks to its high-tech sectors if supply is disrupted [6][9]. - Recent negotiations between the US and China regarding rare earth exports have seen China maintaining strict controls on military-grade supplies while showing flexibility on civilian uses [7]. - The US is actively seeking alternative suppliers in light of potential supply chain vulnerabilities due to China's dominance [9]. Group 4: Strategic Implications - Rare earths are critical not only for civilian applications but also for military technologies, making them a strategic resource in global geopolitics [4][9]. - China is advised to enhance its rare earth reserves to ensure supply stability amid external pressures [16].

Group 1 - The article discusses the escalating trade tensions between China and the United States, highlighting China's response to U.S. tariffs and restrictions, particularly in the rare earth sector [1][3][5] - China controls 90% of global rare earth refining capacity, which gives it significant leverage in the trade conflict, especially as the U.S. relies on these materials for defense and high-tech industries [3][5][7] - The U.S. agricultural sector, particularly soybean farmers, is facing severe financial strain due to increased tariffs, with reports indicating that 30% of farms are nearing bankruptcy [3][5] Group 2 - The article notes that China's export controls on rare earth elements have immediate impacts on U.S. industries, including automotive and defense, with companies like Ford being forced to shut down operations due to supply chain disruptions [3][5] - The geopolitical landscape is shifting, with China strengthening trade ties with ASEAN and other regions, while the U.S. attempts to counter this through initiatives like the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework [5][7] - The article raises questions about the long-term implications of the trade conflict, particularly whether the U.S. can reduce its dependence on Chinese rare earths in the future [7]