（三）委托与代理权责界定难，"三种意识"仍需强化。我国现行的《预算法》明确中央政府负责制定地 方债务管理规则，地方政府在中央授权范围内管理、使用债务，承担具体偿债责任，央地之间在地方债 务发行、使用、管理中形成复杂的多层次委托代理关系。而由于信息不对称，蕴含其间的道德风险和逆 向选择导致地方政府"三种意识"即风险防范意识、创新发展意识和责任担当意识的弱化，为国家治理现 代化埋下隐患。 财政是国家治理的基础和重要支柱。党的二十届三中全会立足全局，提出"建立权责清晰、财力协调、 区域均衡的中央和地方财政关系"的战略目标，为我国财政体制改革描绘了宏伟蓝图。党的二十届四中 全会进一步明确"加强中央事权，增强地方自主财力"的关键路径，释放出进一步优化央地财政关系，更 好调动中央和地方两个积极性的有力信号。这两次会议接续作出的重大部署，既着眼优化中央与地方政 府间的财政关系，又着力缓解地方政府财政困难，是筑牢国家治理现代化根基的必然要求，对落实中央 经济工作会议精神，促进我国经济高质量发展，实现中国式现代化意义重大。 优化央地财政关系对国家治理现代化意义重大 （一）央地财政关系是推进国家治理现代化的重要支撑。合理而稳定的 ...

Core Insights - The forum focused on the collaborative development of technology policies in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, aiming to enhance regional innovation and address coordination challenges [1][2][5] Group 1: Forum Objectives and Themes - The forum aimed to activate innovation vitality through technology policy collaboration, aligning with national strategies for high-quality development in the Greater Bay Area [1] - Emphasis was placed on the unique institutional advantages and complete industrial innovation ecosystem of the Greater Bay Area, which is seen as a key area for exploring modern governance [2] Group 2: Research Findings and Recommendations - A research report was released, identifying four optimization paths for enhancing policy collaboration: establishing an authoritative governance system, improving the flow of collaborative elements, optimizing the innovation ecosystem, and strengthening demonstration platforms [3] - The report utilized IPO and ICA analysis frameworks to assess the current issues in technology policy collaboration within the region [3] Group 3: Collaborative Discussions - Discussions were held on intergovernmental collaboration, government-enterprise relationships, and government-society relationships, with various experts providing insights on enhancing policy coordination and collaborative mechanisms [4] - Recommendations included transitioning talent policies from competition to collaboration and integrating fragmented approaches into cohesive strategies [4] Group 4: Future Directions - The forum reinforced the consensus on technology policy collaboration in the Greater Bay Area, aiming to shift from "single-point breakthroughs" to "systematic collaboration" [5] - The event is positioned as a significant platform for dialogue among government, industry, academia, and research sectors in the region [5]

（原标题：从"单点突破"到"系统协同" 粤港澳大湾区如何以政策创新激活国家治理现代化？） 12月19日，第三届"人民·大公"湾区智汇政策圆桌会在深圳举行。会议由中国人民大学与香港大公文汇 传媒集团联合主办，聚焦"大湾区科技政策协同与国家治理现代化"，以推动科技创新从局部突破转向系 统协同。 来自粤港澳三地政府、高校、智库及企业代表围绕府际治理、政企关系、政社协同三大维度展开深度对 话。会议发布《大湾区科技创新政策协同性评估：体系、问题与对策》研究报告，提出构建权威协同治 理体系、完善要素流动机制等四大优化路径。 中国人民大学党委书记张东刚表示，"十五五"规划建议指出，要增强区域发展协调性，巩固提升粤港澳 大湾区高质量发展动力源作用；中央经济工作会议也明确提出建设粤港澳大湾区国际科技创新中心。本 次会议聚焦"科技政策协同与国家治理现代化"，以思想创新、理论创新、制度创新、政策创新、实践创 新服务国家战略，推动大湾区高质量发展。 破除行政壁垒，构建制度基石 在"科技创新政策的府际治理协同"圆桌会议上，与会专家指出，粤港澳三地虽具备独特制度优势，但行 政区块分隔、协同机制不健全、地方利益竞争等问题仍制约整体创新效能 ...

Group 1 - The forum emphasized that efficient technology governance is crucial for developing new productive forces, advancing national governance modernization, and achieving the goals of the 14th Five-Year Plan [1][2] - The China Academy of Sciences' Public Policy and Management School aims to become a source of new governance theories, a hub for interdisciplinary talent incubation, and a platform for global technology governance dialogue [1] - The current stage of technology governance in China focuses on high-level self-reliance and strengthening the national innovation system to stimulate the vitality of various innovation entities [2] Group 2 - The forum featured discussions on topics such as the mission of public management disciplines in building an independent knowledge system, the 14th Five-Year Plan's science and education policies, and the social risks and emergency management in the era of artificial intelligence [3] - Experts highlighted the need for a deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation to accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system [2] - The establishment of a modern financial system that supports technology innovation through various financing methods, including equity financing and venture capital, was also discussed [2]

Group 1: Core Perspectives - The recent National Games showcased the improvement in the physical condition, mental state, and overall attitude of Chinese athletes, reflecting the broader theme of modernization in China [1][2][3] - The event highlighted the importance of sports and health in enhancing the well-being of the population, supported by scientific training, nutrition, and technological advancements [1][2] - The athletes' performances symbolize the spirit of perseverance and the pursuit of excellence, with examples of individual breakthroughs serving as motivation for broader societal progress [2][3] Group 2: Health and Sports Integration - The integration of sports and health is emphasized as essential for national well-being, with a robust healthcare system ensuring medical support for the population [1] - The National Games served as a platform for showcasing regional collaboration and the intersection of sports, culture, technology, and industry, reflecting modern governance in China [3] Group 3: Mental Attitude and Cultural Reflection - The shift in mindset among athletes, focusing on self-improvement rather than just winning, illustrates a deeper cultural confidence and resilience within Chinese society [3] - The event's organization demonstrated a commitment to high standards and cultural richness, enhancing China's international image and showcasing regional characteristics [3]

Core Points - Public legal services are essential for safeguarding and improving people's livelihoods, serving as a foundational, service-oriented, and protective work in the comprehensive rule of law [1][6] - The construction of a sound public legal service system is crucial for modernizing national governance and meeting the growing legal service needs of the populace [2][7] - The emphasis on public legal services reflects the government's commitment to ensuring social fairness and justice, as well as enhancing citizens' legal awareness and access to legal resources [4][9] Group 1: Importance of Public Legal Services - Public legal services aim to protect citizens' basic rights, maintain legal rights, and ensure social fairness and justice [2][3] - A well-established public legal service system is the cornerstone of modern national governance, providing inclusive and professional legal support to society [2][7] - The development of public legal services is a response to the increasing demand for diverse and personalized legal services from the public [6][12] Group 2: Government's Role and Policy Framework - The government plays a vital role in optimizing public legal services as part of its public service functions, ensuring equal access to legal resources [5][10] - Recent policy documents emphasize the need for a modern public legal service system that is accessible to all citizens, particularly in underdeveloped areas [12][13] - The integration of various legal service resources is essential for enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of public legal services [14][15] Group 3: Enhancing Accessibility and Equity - Improving the accessibility and equity of public legal services is crucial for achieving social justice and fairness [13][16] - Strategies include optimizing resource allocation, extending services to rural areas, and enhancing the capabilities of local legal service providers [13][15] - The establishment of a comprehensive public legal service network is necessary to ensure that legal services are available anytime and anywhere [14][16] Group 4: Community and Grassroots Engagement - Engaging communities and grassroots organizations is vital for the effective delivery of public legal services [15][16] - Initiatives such as training local legal advocates and enhancing community legal education can significantly improve public access to legal resources [15][16] - The focus on grassroots governance and legal service integration is essential for fostering a law-abiding society and resolving conflicts at the community level [15][16]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of the "Five-Year Plan" as a governance tool that reflects China's unique political advantages and strategic vision for modernization [1][2][3] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" serves as a roadmap for building a modern socialist country, marking the transition towards the second centenary goal [2][3] - The plan integrates new development concepts and focuses on high-quality development, ensuring alignment with the Party's governance philosophy [2][4] Group 2 - The "14th Five-Year Plan" outlines strategic directions such as "three new and one high," providing a comprehensive framework for economic and social development [4] - It emphasizes the importance of balancing development and security, establishing safety indicators to safeguard national interests [5] - The plan aims to promote common prosperity through substantial improvements in public welfare and income distribution [5][6] Group 3 - Significant achievements during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period include a notable increase in economic strength, with a projected growth of over 35 trillion yuan [6] - Major breakthroughs in technological innovation have been realized, including advancements in nuclear power and space exploration [6] - The plan has led to improvements in living standards, with a focus on education, healthcare, and social security systems [6] Group 4 - The interaction between planning and institutional advantages has enabled efficient completion of major strategic tasks, ensuring policy continuity and stability [7] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" incorporates a scientific top-level design that balances immediate needs with long-term goals [8] - The plan emphasizes a people-centered approach, integrating public feedback into its development and implementation [8] Group 5 - The execution of the "14th Five-Year Plan" showcases the country's strategic execution capabilities through systematic mechanisms and effective resource mobilization [9] - The plan demonstrates flexibility in responding to environmental changes, with mechanisms for mid-term evaluations and adjustments [9][10] - It highlights the importance of maintaining strategic focus while allowing for dynamic optimization in response to new challenges [10] Group 6 - The methodology embedded in the "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes forward-thinking, comprehensive planning, and strategic layout to ensure continuity and stability in national development [10][11] - The plan advocates for a scientific development approach that integrates systemic thinking and practical measures [11][12] - It aims to enhance the adaptability and precision of planning, focusing on high-quality development indicators [12][13]

Group 1: Macroeconomic Policy Insights - The July Politburo meeting maintained the overall policy tone of 2025, focusing on five key areas, including a clear long-term goal and a short-term policy stance of "taking the initiative and adapting to circumstances" [3] - The macroeconomic environment is facing short, medium, and long-term challenges, with short-term risks stemming from international trade disputes and tariff negotiations [3] - The meeting emphasized the need for fiscal and monetary policies to support economic growth while also addressing structural transformation and green development goals [3] Group 2: Policy Implementation and Focus Areas - Key policy areas include stimulating consumption, enhancing new productivity, combating "involution," improving foreign trade and investment, and enhancing people's livelihoods [4] - The meeting highlighted the importance of a dual expansion of fiscal and monetary policies, with actual GDP growth reaching 5.3% in the first half of the year, indicating effective policy implementation [4] - The focus on improving living standards and employment is crucial, especially for vulnerable groups such as college graduates and migrant workers [5] Group 3: Market Reactions and Future Outlook - The capital market was identified as a "highlight," with an emphasis on enhancing its attractiveness and inclusivity, which may lead to increased foreign capital inflow [6] - The real estate sector was noted as an "unexpected" area, with a shift from an "incremental" to a "stock" market phase, indicating a change in policy focus [6] - The report suggests a balanced investment strategy, favoring both financial and resource sectors while also considering growth opportunities in emerging technologies [6]

Core Viewpoint - The document outlines the joint issuance of the "Opinions on Deepening and Enhancing the 'Electricity Access' Service Level" by the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration, aiming to create a modern electricity business environment that aligns with new economic and social development requirements [3][4]. Summary by Sections Overall Requirements - The "Opinions" emphasize the need for a modern electricity service system that supports high-quality economic development, with a framework summarized as "1+5+1," which includes overall requirements, five key tasks, and supporting measures [3][4]. Key Tasks - The document identifies five major tasks with 14 specific reform measures aimed at enhancing the electricity service level, focusing on user-centered public service, high-quality electricity supply, and equitable access to electricity [4][5]. Strategic Importance - The "Opinions" highlight three strategic roles: 1. Reshaping public service models through streamlined processes and data sharing [4]. 2. Supporting high-quality development by ensuring reliable electricity supply for high-end industries and promoting green energy consumption [5]. 3. Establishing a fair and inclusive electricity service network to enhance the quality of life for residents [5]. New Developments - The "Opinions" introduce a new framework for long-term development in electricity services, focusing on five key areas: convenience in electricity access, high-quality supply, green energy usage, inclusive services, and collaborative governance [7][8]. Implementation and Execution - The document emphasizes the importance of legal compliance, clear objectives, and task accountability to ensure effective implementation of the proposed reforms [10][12]. Regional Focus - Anhui Province has been actively developing the "Beautiful Electricity Service" brand, achieving a power supply reliability rate of 99.982% by the end of 2024, positioning itself as a leader in supporting economic and social development [11][12].