证券研究报告 | 产业经济周报 2025 年 10 月 21 日 [Table_Main] 产业经济周报 证券分析师 程强 资格编号：S0120524010005 邮箱：chengqiang＠tebon.com.cn 陈梦洁 研究助理 夏欣锐 邮箱：xiaxr＠tebon.com.cn 贸易摩擦下市场避险情绪升温，产业端关 注 AI PCB 高景气和预制菜集中度提升 [Table_Summary] 核心观点： 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和法律声明 核心观点：本周（10/13-10/17）全球市场避险情绪升温。A 股市场一波三折，上证 综指-1.47%，深证成指-4.99%，海外市场方面，美元指数走弱，黄金价格持续上 涨，COMEX 黄金期货周度涨幅 5.8%。贸易摩擦仅改变中美贸易流向，未影响中 国贸易总量；中美博弈已呈攻守之势转变，且市场对特朗普 TACO 策略有普遍预 期，预计资本市场短期或以情绪冲击为主。当前预制菜行业参与者可分为上游原 料、速冻食品等五类企业。随市场竞争加剧，需求逐步向具备规模效应的企业集中， 行业集中度有望持续提升，呈现强者愈强格局。AI 产业驱动 PCB 行业结构性增 长， 20 ...

Market Analysis - The A-share market experienced a volume contraction rebound with over 4,000 stocks rising, but trading volume hit a two-month low, indicating a cautious market sentiment [4][5] - The Shanghai Composite Index rose by 0.63% to 3,863.89 points, while the Shenzhen Component increased by 0.98% to 12,813.21 points, and the ChiNext Index surged by 1.98% to 2,993.45 points [5] - The dividend sector continued to lead the market with a 0.75% increase, showing a cumulative rise of 5.60% in October, outperforming the Shanghai Composite Index's decline of 0.49% [7] Macroeconomic Events - A series of macroeconomic events are expected to unfold from late October to early November, including the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee, the Federal Reserve's interest rate meeting, and the APEC Leaders' Meeting [9] - These events are anticipated to influence market sentiment and risk appetite, with a balanced allocation strategy likely to prevail in the short term [9] Bond Market - The bond futures market saw a general decline, with long-term contracts experiencing more significant drops compared to short-term ones, reflecting profit-taking sentiment [9] - The 30-year main contract closed at 115.30, down 0.37%, while the 10-year contract fell 0.14% to 108.110 [9] Commodity Market - The commodity market displayed a mixed performance, with live pig futures rebounding by 2.88% and coking coal maintaining strength with a 2.66% increase [10] - The live pig market is showing signs of recovery as the pig-to-grain ratio reached a two-year low, prompting expectations of price rebounds [10] - Coking coal prices are supported by year-end safety inspections and recent temperature drops, with spot prices rising from 699 RMB/ton to 748 RMB/ton in October [10] Investment Strategy - The report suggests maintaining a balanced allocation strategy in equities due to prevailing low risk appetite ahead of significant macro events [11] - In the bond market, the report indicates a need to monitor policy signals from upcoming events, particularly the Federal Reserve's interest rate decisions [11] - For commodities, the report maintains a long-term bullish outlook on precious metals while noting potential shifts in industrial products driven by policy expectations [11]

[Table_Main] 证券研究报告 | 宏观点评 宏观点评 证券分析师 程强 资格编号：S0120524010005 邮箱：chengqiang＠tebon.com.cn 戴琨 资格编号：S0120525070002 邮箱：daikun＠tebon.com.cn 研究助理 相关研究 2025 年 10 月 20 日 今年经济数据预计将呈现"前高后低"走势 ——9 月经济数据点评 [Table_Summary] 投资要点： 请务必阅读正文之后的信息披露和法律声明 核心观点：前三季度，国民经济在政策引导与产业结构升级的推动下总体延续恢复 态势，其中生产端的表现尤为亮眼，工业增长超预期回升，成为支撑 GDP 达到 5.2%累计增速的核心动力。然而，我们认为需求端疲弱仍是制约经济进一步恢复 的主要瓶颈，消费复苏力度偏弱，内需动能不足；投资端在制造业、基建与房地产 同步承压下持续走弱。展望四季度，一是受去年四季度高基数影响，加之需求端改 善尚不稳固，今年四季度 GDP 同比增速预计将回落至 5%以下；二是尽管四季度 面临放缓压力，但前三季度 5.2%的较高增速也已为全年 5%的目标奠定坚实基础， 具体而言，在 Q3 ...

Economic Outlook - IMF projects global GDP growth of 3.2% for 2025, a 0.2 percentage point increase from July's forecast, but 0.2 percentage points lower than 2024[3] - Advanced economies expected to grow at 1.6% in 2025, with the US growth forecast reduced to 2.0% due to policy uncertainties and trade barriers[6] - Emerging markets, particularly China and India, are expected to maintain resilience, with China projected to grow at 4.8% in 2025[6] Risks and Concerns - Continued trade policy uncertainty and rising protectionism may hinder global output and increase inflationary pressures[4] - Fiscal and financial market vulnerabilities, particularly in the US, could lead to asset price instability and undermine confidence in US debt[4] - Overly optimistic growth expectations for AI may lead to a reassessment of tech stock valuations, reminiscent of the 2000-2001 internet bubble[4] Commodity Prices and Inflation - Geopolitical conflicts may drive up prices of essential goods, with potential adverse effects on agricultural output due to climate-related issues[4] - Current US inflation remains moderate, but the impact of tariffs on inflation may become more pronounced over time[5] - The labor market may experience mixed effects from tariffs, with some sectors benefiting while others face cost pressures[5] China’s Economic Outlook - IMF maintains a neutral stance on China's economy, projecting GDP growth of 4.8% for 2025, but the report suggests a more optimistic view is warranted[5] - Recent data indicates a significant decline in bilateral trade with the US, while trade with other regions remains stable[5] Conclusion - IMF's cautious tone reflects concerns over global economic risks, emphasizing the need for flexibility in assessing evolving market conditions[5] - Potential risks include intensified US-China tensions, geopolitical crises, and unexpected global economic pressures[7]

Market Analysis - The A-share market experienced a significant decline, with the Shanghai Composite Index closing at 3839.76 points, down 1.95%, and the Shenzhen Component Index falling 3.04% to 12688.94 points [3] - The overall market saw 4781 stocks decline, marking the highest number of declining stocks in nearly a month, with a total trading volume of 1.95 trillion [3][4] - The current market sentiment is characterized by heightened risk aversion, attributed to escalating uncertainties in US-China trade relations, despite the absence of significant negative news [6] Sector Performance - All major sectors declined, but defensive sectors related to dividends, such as banking and agriculture, experienced smaller declines, with the Agricultural Bank of China rising 1.74% to a record high [6] - High-performing sectors earlier in the year, such as power equipment, electronics, and automotive, saw the largest declines, with drops of 4.99%, 4.10%, and 3.74% respectively [6] Policy and Earnings Outlook - The upcoming fourth quarter is expected to bring a series of policy announcements, including the Fourth Plenary Session and the Central Economic Work Conference, which will clarify policy directions for the following year [6] - Investment opportunities may arise from themes such as "de-involution" in new energy and semiconductors, unified markets in consumption and cycles, and marine economy [6] Bond Market - The bond market showed a continued upward trend, with all government bond futures contracts rising, particularly the 30-year contract which closed at 115.87, up 0.74% [12] - The central bank's operations indicate a relatively ample liquidity environment, with a net withdrawal of 244.2 billion from the market, yet overall funding remains sufficient [12] Commodity Market - Precious metals continued to show strength, with gold prices reaching a new high, peaking at 1001 CNY per gram, driven by risk aversion and policy expectations [12][10] - The energy sector faced downward pressure due to rising oil inventories and production levels, with the US EIA reporting an increase of 3.524 million barrels in crude oil inventories [11] Trading Hotspots - Key investment themes include precious metals driven by central bank purchases and anticipated Fed rate cuts, artificial intelligence due to increased capital expenditures by tech giants, and domestic chip production driven by technological breakthroughs [13] - The consumer sector is expected to benefit from RMB appreciation and market style shifts, while brokerage firms may see increased activity due to active trading and potential changes in trading regulations [13]

Market Analysis - The A-share market experienced a slight upward movement with a closing price of 3916.23 points, reflecting a 0.10% increase, while the Shenzhen Component Index fell by 0.25% to 13086.41 points [3] - The total market turnover was 1.95 trillion, a decrease of 6.8% from the previous trading day, marking the first time in two months that turnover fell below 2 trillion [4][5] - The market showed significant differentiation, with 1172 stocks rising and 4168 stocks falling, indicating a cautious sentiment among investors [5] Economic Indicators - The M1 and M2 growth rates showed positive signs, with M1 growing by 7.2% year-on-year and M2 by 8.4%, leading to a narrowing of the M1-M2 growth rate differential to -1.2% [5][6] - This narrowing indicates an increase in corporate activity and a recovery in personal investment and consumption demand, suggesting that the increase in "liquid money" could support long-term market growth [5] Bond Market - The bond market displayed a structural differentiation, with long-term bonds performing strongly, particularly the 30-year contract which rose by 0.42% [7] - The People's Bank of China conducted a 236 billion yuan reverse repurchase operation, maintaining a net withdrawal of 376 billion yuan, indicating a stable liquidity environment [7] - The bond market is expected to maintain a warm trend, supported by ongoing demand for government bonds amid uncertainties in U.S.-China trade relations [7] Commodity Market - The commodity market saw a majority of prices increase, with polysilicon prices rising by 3.48% and precious metals reaching new highs, including gold at 966.42 yuan per gram [7] - The rise in precious metals is attributed to expectations of potential interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve and ongoing government shutdown risks in the U.S. [7] - The recent policy support for energy-saving and carbon reduction projects is expected to drive further increases in polysilicon prices [7] Investment Opportunities - Key investment themes include precious metals due to central bank purchases and potential Fed rate cuts, artificial intelligence driven by increased capital expenditures from tech giants, and domestic chip production driven by technological breakthroughs [8][9] - The report suggests that while value stocks may continue to outperform in the short term, growth sectors will remain attractive for long-term investment as uncertainties diminish [9] - The bond market is anticipated to offer further allocation value, especially if the Fed lowers rates, enhancing global liquidity [9]

Price Trends - In September, gold and platinum jewelry prices increased by 42.1% and 33.6% year-on-year, respectively, driven by rising international gold prices and strong consumer demand[3] - Non-food prices rose by 0.7% year-on-year, with core CPI increasing by 1.0%, marking the first time in 19 months that it reached this level[4] - Food prices fell by 4.4% year-on-year, primarily due to a significant drop in pork prices, which decreased by 17.0%[4] Industrial Production - The Producer Price Index (PPI) decreased by 2.3% year-on-year in September, but the decline was less severe than the previous month's drop of 2.9%[4] - Prices for coal processing and black metal smelting saw a reduction in their year-on-year decline by 8.3 and 3.4 percentage points, respectively[3] Economic Outlook - The macroeconomic policy remains accommodative to support economic recovery, with expectations for continued low interest rates to stimulate credit and domestic demand[7] - The CPI is projected to rebound in October due to increased consumer activity during the "Golden Week" holiday, with expectations for a significant rise in travel and accommodation prices[9]

Market Overview - The A-share market experienced a broad-based rally, with the Shanghai Composite Index closing at 3912.21 points, up 1.22%, reclaiming the 3900-point level [3] - The Shenzhen Component Index rose 1.73% to 13118.75 points, while the ChiNext Index increased by 2.67% to 3025.87 points, surpassing the 3000-point mark [3] - Total market turnover was 2.09 trillion yuan, a significant decrease of 19.5% from the previous trading day [3] Driving Factors - Four key factors are believed to have driven the market rebound: 1. Domestic demand stimulus from government policies aimed at promoting economic recovery [5] 2. Easing external conditions as the Federal Reserve hinted at potentially ending its balance sheet reduction [5] 3. Industry support from Shanghai's action plan for the smart terminal industry, which includes policies for semiconductors and robotics [5] 4. A signal of easing trade tensions from the Chinese ambassador to the U.S. [5] Market Sentiment - Despite the market's upward movement, the dividend index only rose by 0.11%, indicating a lack of new capital inflow and a focus on existing stock trading [5] - The report suggests a continuation of a "policy support + sector rotation" pattern in the short term, with attention on the upcoming Fourth Plenary Session and the "14th Five-Year Plan" expectations [5] Bond Market - The government bond futures market showed weak fluctuations, with main contracts for various maturities experiencing slight declines [9] - The central bank's liquidity provision through reverse repos and other tools maintained a loose funding environment, with a net injection of 643.5 billion yuan [9] - The bond market is expected to remain warm, supported by ongoing demand for safe-haven assets amid uncertainties in U.S.-China trade relations [9] Commodity Market - The commodity futures market saw strong performance in shipping and precious metals, with the London gold price surpassing 4200 USD/ounce [9] - The shipping index and prices for various commodities like polysilicon and silver also showed significant increases, while energy and construction materials faced downward pressure [9] - The report highlights that easing trade tensions and seasonal demand contributed to the rise in shipping prices [9] Investment Opportunities - Recent hot investment themes include: 1. Precious metals driven by central bank purchases and Fed rate cuts [10] 2. Artificial intelligence supported by increased capital expenditure from global tech giants [10] 3. Domestic chip manufacturing benefiting from technological breakthroughs [10] 4. Consumer sectors poised for growth due to currency appreciation and market style shifts [10] 5. Brokerage firms seeing increased trading activity [10] Long-term Outlook - The report indicates that despite short-term volatility due to external shocks, core indices are expected to maintain an upward trajectory, supported by China's improving competitive edge [11] - The bond market is anticipated to benefit from a global liquidity easing cycle initiated by the Fed, suggesting a potential "bull market" for both stocks and bonds [11] - Commodity prices, particularly for precious metals, are expected to remain strong, with industrial metals also following suit [11]

Market Analysis - The A-share market opened high but closed lower, indicating increasing risk aversion among investors, with the Shanghai Composite Index closing at 3865.23 points, down 0.62% [9] - The Shenzhen Component Index fell by 2.54% to 12895.11 points, while the ChiNext Index dropped 3.99% to 2955.98 points, falling below the 3000-point mark [9] - The market's total trading volume reached 2.60 trillion, an increase of 9.4% from the previous trading day [9] - The Ministry of Commerce announced countermeasures against U.S. sanctions, which may heighten concerns over U.S.-China trade tensions, leading to a rise in defensive sectors such as banking and consumer goods [9] Bond Market - The government bond futures continued to rebound, with significant gains in long-term contracts, including a 0.34% increase in the 30-year contract [14] - The central bank's liquidity injection through reverse repos has kept the funding environment relatively loose, supporting the bond market's recovery [14] - The short-term outlook for government bonds remains positive due to ongoing risk aversion and a favorable liquidity environment [14] Commodity Market - Precious metals continue to lead the commodity market, with gold and silver prices rising by 2.70% and 2.64% respectively, although there was a notable afternoon pullback in gold prices [14][15] - The shipping index saw a significant increase of 7.36%, while other sectors like black metals and certain energy products experienced declines [14] - The overall commodity market is characterized by increased volatility, driven by macroeconomic policies and fundamental industry factors [14] Investment Opportunities - Key investment themes include precious metals, artificial intelligence, nuclear fusion, domestic chips, robotics, and consumer sectors, all showing potential for growth [16] - The report emphasizes a balanced investment strategy, suggesting a "barbell" approach that includes undervalued defensive assets while waiting for opportunities in the technology sector as market risk appetite recovers [9][17] - The ongoing U.S.-China trade conflict and the potential for further communication between leaders at the APEC summit are critical factors to monitor for future market movements [9]

Export Growth - In September 2025, China's export value (in USD) increased by 8.3% year-on-year, marking the highest growth rate since April 2025[4] - Exports to major economies outside the US showed significant recovery, with double-digit growth recorded for most regions[4] - Key export categories with notable growth included machinery and high-tech products, with year-to-date growth rates of 9.6% and 8.0% respectively[4] Import Dynamics - September 2025 saw a 7.4% year-on-year increase in imports, the highest since May 2024, indicating a recovery in domestic demand[5] - Major contributors to import growth included Hong Kong (304.2%), Brazil (24.1%), and Japan (20.9%) among others[5] - High-tech and machinery imports also grew significantly, with increases of 10.3% and 5.8% respectively[5] Trade Balance and Market Resilience - The trade surplus in September 2025 was 645.47 billion RMB and 90.45 billion USD, reflecting a stable trade environment[7] - The report highlights that the ongoing US-China trade tensions have led to a decline in bilateral trade, while trade with other regions has diversified, enhancing resilience[6] - The overall trade data suggests a strengthening of China's position in the global market amidst geopolitical challenges[6]