Core Viewpoint - The article highlights three significant changes in the economic landscape for September, focusing on manufacturing investment growth, price indicators, and the current state of demand, suggesting a need for policy adjustments to stimulate demand [2]. GDP - The GDP growth rate for the third quarter is expected to be around 4.8%, with a cumulative growth rate of approximately 5.1% for the first three quarters [4][11]. - Key downward factors include a decline in industrial production, construction, real estate, and wholesale retail sectors, with retail sales growth expected to drop to around 3.2% in September [4][12]. Prices - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is projected to show a month-on-month increase of about 0.2% and a year-on-year decrease of around -0.2% in September [5][13]. - The Producer Price Index (PPI) is expected to decrease by approximately -0.2% month-on-month but improve from -2.9% to -2.5% year-on-year [5][14]. Production - Industrial production growth is anticipated to be around 6.0% in September, with strong performance in the manufacturing sector driven by increased production and external demand [15]. Foreign Trade - Exports are expected to grow by about 6% year-on-year in September, supported by low base effects and resilient non-U.S. demand [16]. - Imports are projected to increase by around 1%, influenced by rising commodity prices and stable export performance [17]. Fixed Asset Investment - Cumulative fixed asset investment growth is expected to decline to around -0.2% for the first nine months, with manufacturing investment growth dropping to 4.0% and real estate investment falling to -13.2% [18]. Real Estate Sales - Real estate sales are projected to have a growth rate of approximately 0% in September, with recent policy adjustments in major cities potentially leading to a slight recovery in sales [7][19]. Retail Sales - Retail sales growth is expected to be around 3.2% in September, influenced by high base effects and changes in consumer behavior [21][22]. Financial Indicators - New social financing is estimated at 3 trillion yuan in September, with a year-on-year decrease of 610 billion yuan, while M2 growth is projected at around 8.4% [8][23].

第六， 本轮货币政策仍存在宽松空间，最快二季度可能落地降准。一则政府工作报告、一季度货币政策委员 会例会仍强调适时降准降息；二则外需正继续受全球贸易环境影响，需政策更积极对冲扩内需，经验上每一轮 出口下行周期均对应总量宽松周期。 2021 年以来降准间隔时点大约在 3-8 个月，上一轮降准在 2024 年 9 月末，以 3-8 月外推，今年二季度可能会有一轮降准。但需注意的是，降准主要目的是为银行补充中长期 流动性，缓解银行扩表支持实体经济的流动性约束，打开实体融资成本下降空间，进而稳定信用环境，不一定 会带来狭义流动性中枢的变化。事实上， 2021 年以来的降准，大部分都未改变 DR007 中枢。对于利率而 言，可能更重要的是降息（预期），而这一点在内外均衡、银行息差等约束下，时间窗口并不明朗。 第七， 然后是经济基本面。在前期报告《修复结构性失衡》中，我们曾介绍了一个利率定价框架：利率本质 上是高融资需求部门的价格，建筑业景气度在很大程度上决定利率走势。 2016 年四季度、 2020 年二季度 利率趋势反转，除名义增长确认底部外，更重要的是还伴随着建筑业景气度、实体融资需求的修复。本轮建筑 业在去年四季 ...