中金研究 我们预计， 12 月主要经济指标同比增速回落，固定资产投资同比降幅或继续扩大，社零总额延续偏弱增长，出口增速主要受基数抬升影响 而略有回落。金融数据层面，受政府债净发行同比减少的影响，社融和货币增速或下行。我们预计四季度 GDP 同比增速为 4.6% ，全年 GDP 同比增速为 5.0% 。 点击小程序查看报告原文 房地产开发投资或延续偏弱运行。 销售方面，12月30城商品房销售面积环比季节性上行，受去年政策刺激的高基数影响，同比-27.3%（11月 为-33.1%），仍延续较深跌幅。土地市场方面，年末土地供应季节性上量，300城土地成交面积和价款同比降幅有所收窄。不过土地平均溢价 率持续处于低位，反映出房企拿地仍偏谨慎，我们预计1-12月房地产开发投资累积同比为-16.5%（1-11月累积同比为-15.9%）。 受基数上升影响，出口同比增速或下降。 从需求来看，海外PMI呈现分化态势，美欧环比下降而日本环比上升，12月中采制造业PMI新出口订 单环比上升1.4个百分点至49.0%，或与2026年春节较晚使得出口企业在年前赶工有关。高频数据方面，韩国12月前20天工作日日均出口同比 +3.6%（11 ...

证券研究报告·宏观报告·宏观周报 宏观量化指数经济周报 20251228 12 月出口增速预计将小幅回落 2025 年 12 月 28 日 [Table_Tag] [Table_Summary] 观点 证券分析师 芦哲 执业证书：S0600524110003 luzhe@dwzq.com.cn 证券分析师 李昌萌 执业证书：S0600524120007 lichm@dwzq.com.cn 证券分析师 王洋 执业证书：S0600524120012 wangyang@dwzq.com.cn 相关研究 《聚焦主线板块，关注 ETF 组合推荐》 2025-12-28 《25Q3 美国 GDP：过时的数据，过度 的反应——美国 2025 年三季度 GDP 数据点评》 2025-12-24 东吴证券研究所 1 / 14 请务必阅读正文之后的免责声明部分 ◼ 周度 ECI 指数：从周度数据来看，截至 2025 年 12 月 28 日，本周 ECI 供给指数为49.93%，较上周回落0.02个百分点；ECI需求指数为49.84%， 较上周环比持平。从分项来看，ECI 投资指数为 49.86%，较上周回升 0.01 个百分点； ...

华创证券指出，11月出口增速反弹超预期（较上月高7个点）有基数的影响（5个点左右），也有需求韧 性的支撑。一是11月我国制造业PMI新出口订单大幅修复且各行业全面回升，二是出口边际增长动能有 所恢复。9—11月环比平均1.1%，与历史同期均值相近，Q3出口月度环比均值仅有0.4%（大幅低于过去 十年同期平均1.4%）。往后看，月度视角下，12月基数抬升，或带来同比读数2—3个点的调整压力。 季度视角下，领先指标显示外需环境稳健，电子链或继续助力增长。半年至一年维度下，货币宽松累积 效应驱动的稳定外需环境+机电出口景气，或支撑出口维持偏强韧性。 中原证券指出，周二A股市场冲高遇阻、小幅震荡整理，早盘股指低开后震荡上行，盘中沪指在3923点 附近遭遇阻力，随后股指震荡回落，盘中商业百货、电子元件、光伏设备以及医疗服务等行业表现较 好；有色金属、能源金属、贵金属以及钢铁等行业表现较弱，沪指全天基本呈现小幅整理的运行特征。 当前国内经济宏观面处于温和修复但基础仍需巩固的状态。中长期支撑本轮A股上涨的基础并未发生转 变。在政策暖风、资金改善的合力下，市场再度向上运行的可能性正在增加。预计上证指数围绕4000点 附近蓄势 ...

Core Viewpoint - In November, China's exports in USD terms increased by 5.9% year-on-year, exceeding expectations of 3.8% and rebounding from a previous decline of -1.1% [2][46] Group 1: Export Strength in Midstream - The export growth rate rebounded significantly in November, with a 7 percentage point increase compared to the previous month, influenced by base effects and resilient demand [4][13] - The manufacturing PMI new export orders showed a substantial recovery across all industries, indicating improved export demand [4][14] - The overall growth momentum has marginally recovered to seasonal averages, with a three-month moving average of 1.1% in November, slightly below the historical average of 1.4% [4][14] Group 2: Category Analysis - Exports are strong in electromechanical products, with a cumulative year-on-year increase of 7.9% from January to November, contributing 87% to the overall export growth [8][20] - The "three main electromechanical products" (cars, ships, integrated circuits) have seen export growth rates exceeding 15% [8][21] - Labor-intensive products, in contrast, showed a cumulative year-on-year decline of -4.3% from January to November, negatively impacting overall export growth [8][20] Group 3: Regional Analysis - Exports to emerging markets are strong, while exports to the US are weak, with a year-on-year decline of -28.8% in November [29][56] - The share of exports to the US has decreased by 3.4 percentage points to 11.3%, while ASEAN's share increased by 1.1 percentage points to 17.5% [30][63] - If US import demand stabilizes, China's exports to the US may rebound significantly due to low base effects [30][31] Group 4: Future Export Resilience - In December, the elevated base may lead to a 2-3 percentage point adjustment pressure on year-on-year readings [4][37] - Leading indicators suggest a stable external demand environment, with the electronic supply chain likely to continue supporting growth [4][37] - The cumulative effects of monetary easing are expected to maintain a stable external demand environment, supporting strong resilience in electromechanical exports [4][38]

Macro Analysis - In November 2025, China's exports increased by 5.9% year-on-year, primarily due to the fading high base effect and sustained overseas demand [1] - Looking ahead, December's export growth may face high base effects, but optimism remains for next year's overseas demand due to global fiscal expansion and improved China-US trade relations [1] Real Estate Industry - As of December 7, 2025, new home transactions in 20 cities totaled 720,000 units, a decrease of 13.9% year-on-year; Beijing saw 37,000 units (-19%), Shanghai 95,000 units (-5%), and Shenzhen 25,000 units (-33%) [2] - In the secondary housing market, transactions in 10 cities reached 711,000 units, an increase of 1.5% year-on-year; Beijing recorded 160,000 units (+1%), Shanghai 236,000 units (+8%), and Shenzhen 64,000 units (+9%) [2] Company Research - For Anjins Food (603345.SH), the forecasted net profit for 2025-2027 is 1.391 billion, 1.513 billion, and 1.672 billion yuan, translating to EPS of 4.17, 4.54, and 5.02 yuan, with current P/E ratios of 19, 18, and 16 times respectively [3] - The company's short-term operations are improving, with a gradual recovery in profitability expected as industry price competition eases; if the consumption environment improves next year, performance elasticity is anticipated [3] - New products and channel strategies are actively evolving, with expected positive outcomes in the future, maintaining a "buy" rating [3]

Economic Indicators - As of December 7, 2025, the ECI supply index is at 49.93%, down 0.02 percentage points from last week, while the demand index is at 49.87%, up 0.01 percentage points[6] - The ECI investment index remains stable at 49.87%, and the consumption index is at 49.66%, up 0.01 percentage points[9] - The ECI export index is at 50.24%, unchanged from last week, indicating stable export performance[9] Financing and Monetary Policy - The ELI index is at -0.51%, up 0.10 percentage points from last week, indicating a slight improvement in liquidity[12] - New RMB loans in November are expected to be between 450 billion to 500 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 80 billion to 130 billion[15] - The total social financing scale in November is projected to be around 2.2 trillion, down from 2.33 trillion year-on-year, with a social financing growth rate expected to drop to 8.4%[15] Industrial Production and Consumption - The operating rate for full steel tires is 63.50%, up 0.17 percentage points, while the half steel tire rate is 70.92%, up 1.73 percentage points[17] - The average daily sales of passenger cars in the last week of November were 125,617 units, down 8,925 units year-on-year, with total retail sales for November at 2.263 million units, a 7% decline year-on-year[24] Export Performance - The total cargo throughput at monitored ports reached 28.6271 million tons in the last week of November, an increase of 8.43% week-on-week, indicating a recovery in export activity[35] - The South Korean export growth rate for November is recorded at 8.40%, up 4.80 percentage points from October[40]

Group 1: Real Estate Cycle - The long-term upward cycle of real estate from 2000 to 2020 led to a widespread belief that housing prices would not decline, despite contrary predictions from analysts like Professor Zhu Ning [2][3] - The average rental yield in core cities of China is estimated to be around 2%, indicating a high price-to-earnings ratio of 50 times, suggesting that a rental yield of 3% is necessary for a price bottom [3][6] - Real estate development investment in China decreased by 14.7% year-on-year in the first ten months of the year, indicating a potential acceleration in the downward trend [3][6] Group 2: Economic Impact - The decline in the real estate sector is expected to continue affecting China's economy through 2026, with significant impacts on related industries and financial sectors [3][6] - The slowdown in urbanization, aging population, and declining total population are identified as pressures on the real estate market post-2021 [6] - The contribution of real estate to GDP and employment is significant, and its decline could hinder overall economic growth [6][12] Group 3: Export Trends - China's exports grew by 5.3% in the first ten months of the year, contrary to initial fears of negative growth, with a notable increase in capital and technology-intensive products [7][8] - However, the growth in exports is expected to slow down in the coming year due to the diminishing "import grabbing" effect from the U.S. and high base effects from previous years [11][12] - The ongoing trade tensions and tariff wars between major economies are likely to impact future export performance negatively [11][12] Group 4: Consumer Spending - Consumer spending is projected to become a more significant contributor to GDP growth, especially as export growth declines [12][16] - The consumption growth has shown a pattern of being higher in the first half of the year, with expectations of a slowdown in the latter half due to high base effects from previous years [15][16] - Long-term improvements in consumption will depend on rising household incomes and increased marginal propensity to consume, which are currently challenged by the real estate downturn [16][19] Group 5: Fiscal and Monetary Policy - The fiscal policy for 2026 is expected to be more aggressive, with a projected increase in the general deficit from approximately 11.9 trillion yuan to 13.2 trillion yuan [28][31] - Interest rates may be lowered by 10-20 basis points in 2026 to stimulate demand, although this poses challenges for banks' net interest margins [35][36] - Coordination between fiscal and monetary policies is deemed essential to address the economic challenges and support growth [40][41] Group 6: Stock Market Outlook - The stock market has faced resistance around the 4000-point mark, with the need for corporate profit growth to outpace GDP growth for a sustained bull market [41][43] - The current economic environment suggests that corporate profitability must improve significantly to support stock market performance [41][43] - Structural bull markets are anticipated, particularly in the context of the AI revolution, which may provide new growth opportunities for companies [47][48]

Core Viewpoint - The 2026 GDP growth target for China is set at around 5%, which is deemed necessary and feasible to stabilize investor confidence in Chinese assets and capital markets [1][3]. Group 1: Economic Growth Projections - The chief economist of CITIC Securities, Huang Wentao, indicated that China's GDP growth is expected to reach around 5% next year due to policy support [1]. - The average GDP growth rate required from 2020 to 2035 to achieve the goal of reaching the per capita GDP of a moderately developed country by 2035 is approximately 4.73% [1]. - The average GDP growth rate during the 14th Five-Year Plan period is above 5%, meeting the stage requirements [1]. Group 2: Export and External Demand - Huang noted that external demand remains resilient, with China's export performance in 2025 exceeding expectations, contributing over 30% to GDP growth in the first half of the year [2]. - If the trade agreements are effectively executed and non-U.S. economies continue to expand, the export growth rate in 2026 is expected to exceed expectations [3]. Group 3: Real Estate Market Outlook - The negative impact of the real estate sector on the economy is expected to diminish, with a projected slight narrowing of the decline in real estate development investment and new housing sales in 2026 [3]. - The decline in new housing sales is anticipated to be within 5%, reducing the negative drag on the economy [3]. Group 4: Policy Support and Consumer Recovery - There is ample room for policy support, with fiscal, monetary, and industrial policies expected to work in tandem in 2026 [3]. - The implementation of "two重" and "two新" policies is expected to continue, with an increase in support for service consumption and the expansion of trade-in policies for consumer goods [3]. - If fiscal policies align with consumer recovery efforts, consumption is projected to improve from its current low state [3].

Group 1: Bond Market Performance - The overall bond prices experienced fluctuations, with different maturities showing varied performance. As of November 11, TL main contract increased by 0.23%, T main contract remained flat, TF main contract rose by 0.01%, and TS main contract decreased by 0.01% [1] Group 2: Foreign Trade and Export Growth - China's export value decreased by 1.1% year-on-year, while import value increased by 1.0%, reflecting a decline of 9.4 and 6.4 percentage points compared to September. The negative export growth is attributed to a high base from the previous year and renewed trade disputes affecting certain goods [2] Group 3: Inflation Indicators - In October, the CPI increased by 0.2% year-on-year and month-on-month, while core CPI rose by 1.2% year-on-year and 0.2% month-on-month, outperforming expectations. The main drivers for the CPI increase were narrowing declines in food prices and rising prices of precious metal jewelry [3] - The PPI decreased by 2.1% year-on-year but increased by 0.1% month-on-month, marking the first month-on-month increase this year, indicating a positive signal. Upstream production material prices rose by 0.1% month-on-month, while downstream consumer goods prices remained stable [3] Group 4: Government Bond Financing - The net financing scale of government bonds exceeded 410 billion yuan this week, leading to a tightening of market liquidity. As of November 10, the rates for DR001 and DR007 rose to 1.4842% and 1.4993%, respectively, reflecting an increase of 15.21 and 8.63 basis points since November 7 [4] Group 5: Contract Roll-over Dynamics - As of November 10, the roll-over progress for TS, TF, T, and TL contracts were 19.6%, 19.4%, 20.3%, and 28.6%, respectively. The larger short positions in various contracts and the generally high valuations for the next season's contracts may accelerate the roll-over speed, potentially widening the inter-temporal price spread [5]

Summary of Key Points from Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call discusses the performance of China's export and import data for October 2025, as well as the challenges faced by the real estate market in China. Export Data - In October 2025, China's export growth rate declined to -6.4%, influenced by fewer working days due to the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holidays, a high base effect from the previous year (12.6%), and a divergence in foreign trade demand [1][2] - Cumulative export growth from January to October 2025 was 5.3%, with optimistic projections suggesting a maximum annual growth rate of 5.7% and a neutral expectation of around 5.2% [1][5] - Exports to various regions showed a decline: ASEAN from 15.6% to 11%, Africa from 56.4% to 10.6%, and Latin America from 15.2% to 2.1% [1][3] Import Data - In October 2025, the import growth rate significantly dropped to 1%, down from 7.4% in September, primarily due to insufficient domestic demand [6] - Key imports included integrated circuits and automobiles, with integrated circuit imports decreasing from 32.7% to 26.9% and automobile imports increasing from 10.9% to 34% [7][8] Real Estate Market Challenges - The real estate market is facing challenges with declining sales area, average prices, and investment amounts, leading to increased financial pressure on real estate companies [10][11] - Sales data showed a downward trend across all regions, with significant declines in domestic loans, deposits, and personal mortgage loans [11][14] - The market remains cautious, requiring effective policy support to alleviate financial pressures on real estate firms [14] Future Outlook - For 2026, despite risks such as inventory buildup and trade policy uncertainties, China's export growth is expected to remain resilient at approximately 4.4% [9] - The focus of the 15th Five-Year Plan for real estate development emphasizes high-quality growth, improving housing supply, and enhancing regulatory frameworks for pre-sale systems [12]