文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 陆银波（15210860866） 上半年各地区主要经济数据 7.2 上半年GDP累计增速(%) 7 6.3 6.5 6.2 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 6 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.1 5.1 ද 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.2 3.8 15 , 15 a 10 18 175 d R , 18 17 . 16 th The t the mo 3015 RS III at Illy 14 Tip PD The tery tt State 25 21.7 20 上半年地产销售额累计增速(%) 13.3 15 11.2 9.5 10 5.4 2.9 5 1.6 0 -1.2 -5 -2.5-0.7 -2.9 -2.1 -2.7 -3.3 -4.3 -4.4 -5.4 -5.1-4.3 -6.3 -10 -8.5 -8.910.6 -9.1 -9.6 -10 -10.6 -15 -12.5 -14 ...

Core Viewpoint - The economic performance of various provinces in China during the first half of 2025 shows significant disparities, with some provinces exceeding growth expectations while others, particularly in major cities like Beijing and Shanghai, are experiencing declines in consumer spending and employment satisfaction [4][6][10]. Economic Growth Performance - Among the top eight economic provinces, all except Guangdong achieved GDP growth rates above the national average of 5.3%, with rates ranging from 5.6% to 6.2% [3][4][7]. - In total, 21 provinces reported GDP growth rates exceeding their initial annual targets, indicating a strong foundation for achieving these goals [4][6]. Consumer Spending Trends - The retail sales growth in Beijing and Shanghai was notably low, with Beijing experiencing a decline of 3.8% in retail sales, while Shanghai's growth was only 1.7%, placing them among the lowest in the country [13][24]. - Nationally, final consumption expenditure contributed 52% to economic growth in the first half of 2025, with 19 provinces exceeding the national average retail sales growth of 5% [10][11]. Employment and Consumer Confidence - Beijing's employment satisfaction index fell to a historical low of 75.2, reflecting a decline in consumer confidence, which has remained below the critical threshold of 100 for four consecutive quarters [17][19][23]. - The consumer confidence index in Beijing was reported at 95.3, indicating weak consumer sentiment primarily driven by employment expectations [17][18]. Fixed Asset Investment Trends - Several major provinces, including Guangdong and Jiangsu, reported negative growth in fixed asset investment, with Guangdong's investment declining by 9.7% and Jiangsu by 3.9% [27][29]. - The downturn in real estate development investment significantly impacted overall fixed asset investment, with Guangdong's real estate investment dropping by 16.3% [28][29]. Regional Economic Disparities - While some provinces like Hubei and Hebei showed strong economic performance, with Hubei's GDP growth at 6.2% and Hebei's real estate investment increasing by 2.0%, others struggled with negative growth [8][34]. - The overall economic landscape indicates a need for targeted policies to stimulate consumer confidence and investment, particularly in regions facing economic challenges [32][34].

Economic Performance Overview - As of July 28, 2025, 31 provinces (excluding Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan) reported their economic performance for the first half of the year, with significant growth in major economic provinces, although some provinces experienced fluctuations in their economic data [1] - Among the top eight economic provinces, all except Guangdong achieved GDP growth rates exceeding the national average of 5.3%, with growth rates of 5.6% and above [1][2] - Guangdong's GDP growth rate was 4.2%, ranking it among the bottom three provinces [1] Provincial GDP Growth - In the first half of 2025, 21 provinces exceeded their annual GDP growth targets set at the beginning of the year, indicating a solid foundation for achieving their full-year goals [1] - Notably, Tibet, Gansu, and Hubei had the highest GDP growth rates, all above 6% [2] - Hubei's GDP growth rate reached 6.2%, surpassing the national average by 0.9 percentage points [2] Consumption Trends - Nationally, final consumption expenditure contributed 52% to economic growth in the first half of 2025, with 19 provinces reporting retail sales growth above the national average of 5% [2] - The "old-for-new" policy significantly boosted consumption in several provinces, with retail sales of wearable smart devices and related products in Henan growing over 85% [3] Retail Sales Performance - Beijing and Tianjin reported negative growth in retail sales, with Beijing's retail sales declining by 3.8% in the first half of 2025, primarily due to significant drops in automotive and communication equipment sales [4][5] - Shanghai's retail sales growth was 1.7%, ranking it among the lowest in the country [4] Fixed Asset Investment - Despite strong economic growth, several provinces, including Guangdong and Jiangsu, experienced declines in fixed asset investment, with Guangdong's investment dropping by 9.7% [9][10] - The decline in real estate development investment was a major factor affecting fixed asset investment growth in these provinces [10] Consumer Confidence - Consumer confidence in Beijing remained low, with the consumer confidence index below 100 for four consecutive quarters, indicating weak consumer sentiment [6][8] - The employment satisfaction index in Beijing hit a historical low of 75.2 in the second quarter of 2025, reflecting concerns over job security and income [5][6] Investment Opportunities - Some provinces, such as Beijing, reported strong fixed asset investment growth of 14.1%, driven by significant increases in equipment purchase investments [12] - Hebei's real estate development investment grew by 2.0%, supported by ongoing urban development projects [13]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly state an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The e-commerce sales during the "618" shopping festival saw a significant increase, with total online retail sales reaching nearly 2 trillion yuan, a year-on-year growth of approximately 9.8% [4][5] - The "old-for-new" subsidy program is expected to see a decline in funding in certain regions, with central government funds being allocated in the third and fourth quarters [6] - South Korea's exports rebounded significantly in the first 20 days of June, with a year-on-year growth of 8.3%, driven mainly by semiconductor exports [9] - The real estate market shows weak performance in both new and second-hand housing transactions, with second-hand housing sales becoming the dominant force [11] - Rising tensions in the Middle East have led to a continuous increase in crude oil prices, reaching $78.9 per barrel, a 24.5% increase since the end of May [14] Summary by Sections E-commerce Growth - The "618" shopping festival in 2025 began on May 13, one week earlier than in 2024, leading to a notable increase in sales driven by government subsidies [4] - Total e-commerce sales during the event reached 855.6 billion yuan, a 15.2% increase year-on-year, with significant growth in categories like home appliances and 3C digital products [5] Old-for-New Subsidy Program - The central government plans to allocate approximately 138 billion yuan for the "old-for-new" program in the second half of the year, with an average monthly usage of around 23 billion yuan [6] South Korea's Export Performance - South Korea's exports in June showed a strong recovery, particularly in semiconductors, which accounted for 22.9% of total exports [9] - Exports to the EU increased by 23.5%, while exports to China saw a slight decline of 1.0% [10] Real Estate Market Trends - The transaction volume for new and second-hand homes remains weak, with second-hand homes accounting for 58.2% of sales in major cities [11] - The average weekly transaction area for new homes in major cities was 300,000 square meters, reflecting a year-on-year decline of 1.5% [11] Crude Oil Price Trends - Crude oil prices have risen significantly due to geopolitical tensions, with a direct impact on domestic inflation indicators [14]

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 陆银波（15210860866） 核心观点 展望 1 季度经济，经济或将顺利实现"开门红"，预计 1 季度 GDP 5.1% 左右，超全年目标增速。预计 3 月 工增、社零、制造业投资偏强，出口尚未回落，社融在政府债继续快速发行背景下增速持平于上月， CPI 降幅收窄。但 2 季度可能仍将面临一些考验，包括物价能否回升、关税冲击下出口会如何演变、房价能否 企稳等。 报告摘要 一、1季度GDP：预计同比增速5.1%左右 主要的分项来看：1）对于工业，增速偏高，预计1季度同比5.7%左右。主要考虑到在"两新"、"抢出 口"、"硬科技"的共振影响下，生产偏强。2）对于金融业，预计增速低于去年四季度的6.5%，一方面，1季 度股票交易额的增速低于去年四季度，另一方面，1-2月的保费收入增速低于去年四季度。3）对于地产 业，预计增速1%，同样低于去年四季度2%，主要考虑到1季度新房销售面积增速转负。4）信息业、租赁和 商务服务业，结合其生产指数来看，保持偏高增长。 二、3月主要经济数据 1、物价：春节错位因素消退， ...