明明(中信证券首席经济学家) 2025年，债券市场整体呈现"上有顶、下有底"的区间震荡格局。展望2026年，债券市场预计将延续分化与震荡格局，以下几类债券可能具 备更显著的相对价值。 首先，在货币政策维持适度宽松、资金面预计保持平稳的背景下，中短端利率债及高等级信用债能提供较为稳定的票息收益，是构建组合 底仓、抵御波动的核心。同时，市场对2026年进一步降准降息仍有预期，在市场波动时，这类资产凭借其较好的流动性，能提供更优的风 险调整后回报。 其次，超长期国债在经历深度调整后，其绝对收益率已具备一定的吸引力。虽然中长期看，在宏观叙事更加积极的环境下，超长债波动加 剧可能成为常态，但在短期缺乏进一步利空催化的情况下，超长债已具备交易性的反弹价值。对于配置型机构而言，在利率上行至一定区 间后，超长债也能提供更高的期限溢价。 再者，聚焦区域与行业的信用债挖掘。在整体信用利差处于低位的环境下，相对价值更应来自于精细化的结构性挖掘。例如，针对2026年 化债政策的落地情况，优选区域，或者根据行业景气度的变化，优选行业。此外，"十五五"规划建议强调科技创新和产业创新深度融合， 相关领域的产业债或科创债也可能存在政策支持带 ...

回撤方面，截至2025年12月26日，国开债券ETF近半年最大回撤0.12%，相对基准回撤0.17%，在可比基 金中回撤最小。回撤后修复天数为8天。 费率方面，国开债券ETF管理费率为0.15%，托管费率为0.05%，费率在可比基金中最低。 机构认为，考虑支持经济和政府债发行，以及应对人民币升值，预计央行货币政策依然会保持宽松取 向，但降息的概率不大（春节后概率更大），考虑明年初银行资金会优先支持信贷，预计隔夜利率会小 幅回升，7天资金利率预计继续保持稳定。因此表现偏强的短端国债利率进一步下行空间有限，其余短 端品种在资金宽松背景下建议重点关注票息价值。 从长端利率来说，虽然短端利率下行使得曲线变陡，提升了长端利率的下行空间，但需要关注两点：1. 经济开门红和权益春节躁动行情是否较强；2.短端利率在下行后能否稳定在低位波动。如果上述两点对 债市友好，那么长端利率在1月也有不错的下行机会；但如果权益表现较强，短端利率也出现回升，不 排除10年国债利率有可能上行至1.9%及以上。另外，在30-10Y利差方面，考虑明年超长债供给压力和 名义增速回升的逻辑依然存在，故30-10Y利差很难明显压缩，预计会保持在35-4 ...

注：本文首发于《财经》杂志，2025年12月16日。转载请注明出处。 笔者曾经在2013年的一篇论文中（"全球黄金价格的波动趋势与影响因素"，《金融评论》，2013年第4期）尝试搭建黄金价格走势的分析框架。在本文 中，笔者将沿用这个分析框架来分析黄金价格的历史走势，并在此基础上对其未来走势进行展望。 长期以来，黄金价格被认为能够对抗通货膨胀。Erb与Havey（2013）的研究发现，历史上黄金价格与美国定基CPI指数的比率平均为3.2倍，这个比值可以 视为反映黄金购买力波动均值的黄金常数，且黄金价格大约在10年左右的时间维度内呈现均值回归的趋势。不过如图1所示，随着2022年之后黄金价格不 断创出历史新高，黄金价格与美国定基CPI指数比率的均值不断抬升，目前已经接近6倍左右。值得注意的是，自2010年以来至今，黄金价格与美国定基 CPI指数的比率大致已经连续15年高于历史均值，且当前黄金价格与美国定基CPI指数与均值的偏离程度，已经与1980年初的上一次历史高位相仿。换言 之，从黄金价格对抗通货膨胀的视角以及均值回归的视角来看，黄金价格回落调整的概率随着时间的推移将会不断上升。 作为一种避险资产，黄金价格走势 ...

长期以来，黄金价格被认为能够对抗通货膨胀。Erb与Havey（2013）的研究发现，历史上黄金价格与美国定基CPI指数的比率平均为3.2倍，这个比值可以视 为反映黄金购买力波动均值的黄金常数，且黄金价格在10年左右的时间维度内呈现均值回归的趋势。 不过如图1所示，随着2022年之后黄金价格不断创出历史新高，黄金价格与美国定基CPI指数比率的均值不断抬升，目前接近6倍左右。值得注意的是，自 2010年以来至今，黄金价格与美国定基CPI指数的比率大致已经连续15年高于历史均值，且当前黄金价格与美国定基CPI指数与均值的偏离程度，已经与 1980年初的上一次历史高位相仿。换言之，从黄金价格对抗通货膨胀的视角以及均值回归的视角来看，黄金价格回落调整的概率随着时间的推移将会不断上 升。 不排除全球黄金价格在2026年上半年出现显著调整（例如下跌10%~20%）的可能性。 2024年12月30日至2025年12月10日，英国LBMA黄金价格由每盎司2609.10美元上涨至每盎司4200.15美元，涨幅高达61%，可谓2025年全球表现最好的大类 资产。不过，黄金价格在2025年10月20日触及每盎司4294.35美元的历 ...

资金流入方面，国债ETF5至10年最新资金流入流出持平。拉长时间看，近10个交易日内，合计"吸 金"3.18亿元。（数据来源：Wind） 机构提出两个问题：1.在30-10Y利差明显走扩后，10年利率有补跌可能性吗？后续来看，在短期宽松预 期不强，且配置力量低于预期的情况下，明年初风险偏好较高等情绪影响可能会使得10年利率出现小幅 上升，未来1-2个月10年国债利率不排除有进一步上行至1.9%及以上的可能性。但由于投资者担忧明年 特别国债供给依然较大，且名义增速回升也可能导致期限利差走陡，因此10年利率即使上行，30-10Y 利差也很难出现明显压缩，预计短时间利差会维持在35-45BP左右波动，明年供给增加时，不排除利差 有进一步走扩至50BP的可能性。2.长债减少关注后，短时间可以关注什么机会呢？考虑当前资金利率始 终处于较低水平，中短端信用和中端国开的票息价值均较高，且明年年初理财可能对短端信用、银行可 能对中端国开的偏好加强。 截至2025年12月16日 15:00，中证5-10年期国债活跃券指数(净价)(H21018)上涨0.01%。国债ETF5至10年 (511020)上涨0.01%，最新价报115 ...

12月15日，市场预期11月就业数据疲软，金价震荡走强，纽约金价强势突破4370美元关口，截至A股收 盘，COMEX黄金期货交投于4378美元/盎司附近，黄金ETF华夏(518850)涨1.37%，黄金股ETF(159562) 涨0.92%，有色金属ETF基金(516650)跌0.69%。 DWS Americas固收部门主管George Catrambone指出，对明年的走势而言，最重要的单一数据可能是周 二公布的就业数据，劳动力市场的走向将决定利率走势。从本周数据发布前疲软的劳动力指标来看，降 息幅度可能相当大。 消息面上，本周美国将公布一系列因美国政府停摆而延迟的关键数据，11月就业数据将于周二揭晓，市 场预期11月非农就业人口变动新增5万人，美联储官员估计失业率将在今年达到4.5%的峰值，随后在 2026年底回落至4.4%。近日，美联储主席杰罗姆.鲍威尔指出，就业市场承压，就业岗位创造实际上可 能已转为负增长。 ...

债市周周谈：中央经济工作会议的几点债市信号 20251214 摘要 居民主动去杠杆明显，10 月个人中长期贷款增量骤降，房贷增长停滞甚 至略负，北京房价下跌促使提前还贷，叠加房贷利率与银行存款利率倒 挂，提前还贷成理性选择，对银行信贷结构产生显著影响。 企业信贷需求疲软，短期贷款增加但中长期贷款同比减少，票据贴现增 加反映融资需求不足。产能过剩和央行利率管控加剧信贷需求恶化，优 质企业通过发债置换贷款进一步削弱信贷需求。 社融规模虽保持平稳但下行趋势未变，主要由表外融资和企业债券贡献。 预计 12 月社融增速将回落，2026 年社融增量预计减少，政府债券融资 规模虽略有增加但幅度有限。 M1 增速下降反映经济活性不高，四季度低基数效应减弱，M1 增速将进 一步下降，预示未来信贷需求可能持续低迷，新增贷款同比少增或成常 态，单月负增长压力增大。 房地产和基建相关贷款贡献大幅下降，地产相关贷款占比接近零，隐形 债务严控及地方政府财政压力缓解，大基建时代或结束，城投公司信贷 需求受限，居民消费信贷需求不振。 Q&A 10 月份的金融数据表现如何？ 10 月份的金融数据整体符合预期，但具体细节显示出一些问题。11 月 ...

1. Market Performance Overnight Stock Indices - US major stock indices closed mixed, with the Dow Jones down 0.38% at 47560.29 points, the S&P 500 down 0.09% at 6840.51 points, and the Nasdaq up 0.13% at 23576.49 points [5] - European major stock indices also closed mixed, with the German DAX up 0.45% at 24153.3 points, the French CAC40 down 0.69% at 8052.51 points, and the UK FTSE 100 down 0.03% at 9642.01 points [6] Bond Yields - US Treasury yields rose across the board, with the 2 - year yield up 4.80 basis points to 3.615%, the 3 - year up 4.84 basis points to 3.652%, the 5 - year up 4.73 basis points to 3.788%, the 10 - year up 2.35 basis points to 4.188%, and the 30 - year up 0.81 basis points to 4.809% [6] Commodities - International precious metal futures generally closed higher, with COMEX gold futures up 0.45% at $4236.6 per ounce and COMEX silver futures up 4.72% at $61.16 per ounce. Brent crude oil futures fell 0.61% to $62.11 per barrel [6] - London base metals all declined, with LME aluminum down 1.47% at $2845.50 per ton, LME copper down 1.42% at $11470.00 per ton, etc. [8] 2. Important Macroeconomic News China - Premier Li Qiang emphasized China's commitment to open - cooperation, stating confidence in achieving annual economic goals, with the economy set to maintain a stable and positive trend [10] Australia - RBA Governor Bullock highlighted upside inflation risks, stating that inflation and employment data will be crucial for the February meeting. The possibility of tightening policy was discussed, and a data - driven approach will be taken for future rate decisions [10] US - ADP's weekly employment report showed that private - sector employers added an average of 4750 jobs per week in the four weeks ending November 22 [10] 3. Futures Market News Energy and Chemical Futures - As of December 5, 2025, polyethylene social sample warehouse inventory was 45.65 million tons, down 2.99 million tons from the previous period, a 6.14% decrease. Chinese polyethylene import warehouse inventory decreased by 6.59% month - on - month and 9.83% year - on - year [13] - Iraq set the official selling price of Basra Medium crude oil for North and South America in January at a $1.15 discount to the Argus sour crude price, and for Asia at a $1.05 discount to the Oman/Dubai average price [13] - EIA's short - term energy outlook report predicted US crude oil production to be 13.85 million barrels per day in December, 13.86 million in November, and 13.71 million in January [14] Metal Futures - Chongqing launched a yellow alert for heavy pollution on December 9, affecting some recycled aluminum enterprises, which have started to reduce production or shut down [17] - A polysilicon capacity integration and acquisition platform, Beijing Guanghe Qiancheng Technology Co., Ltd., was established on December 9, 2025, with a registered capital of 3 billion yuan [17] Black - Series Futures - The General Administration of Market Supervision issued production license implementation rules for 24 industrial products, effective April 1, 2026 [20] - HeSteel Group's first - round inquiry price for silicon - manganese in December was 5700 yuan per ton, lower than the November price. The purchase volume was 14700 tons, also lower than in November [20] - Coking enterprises agreed to implement production cuts of at least 30% to ease supply pressure and stabilize prices, and to reduce or stop purchasing high - priced coal [20] - The Henan Bureau of National Mine Safety Supervision ordered Anyang Dazhong Coal Industry Co., Ltd. to suspend production for 1 day due to major accident hazards [21] - The China Iron and Steel Association warned that the recent rise in iron ore prices is due to capital speculation, and the high inventory and weak demand will suppress price increases [21] Agricultural Futures - The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs' December report on China's agricultural product supply - demand situation showed that the outlook for soybeans remained unchanged from November. High - protein soybeans in Northeast China are in short supply, while low - protein soybeans have a surplus [23] - As of December 7, Brazil's soybean sowing rate was 90.3%, and the first - crop corn sowing rate was 71.3% [24] - China's imported soybean arrivals in December are expected to decline slightly. As of December 6, the average oil - mill operating rate was 57.42%, down 4.79% from the previous week [24] - Argentina reduced export taxes on soybeans, soybean by - products, wheat, barley, corn, and sorghum [25] - Brazil's expected exports of soybeans, soybean meal, and corn in December are 3.33 million tons, 1.83 million tons, and 6.3 million tons respectively, higher than previous forecasts [25] - The USDA maintained its forecast for US 2025/2026 soybean production at 4.253 billion bushels, ending stocks at 290 million bushels, and yield at 53 bushels per acre. It also kept the forecasts for Argentina and Brazil's soybean production unchanged [26] 4. Financial Market News Stock Markets - A - shares: The Shanghai Composite Index fell 0.37% to 3909.52 points, the Shenzhen Component Index fell 0.39%, and the ChiNext Index rose 0.61%. Resource and Hainan - related stocks declined, while CPO concepts and some other sectors strengthened [28] - Hong Kong stocks: The Hang Seng Index fell 1.29% to 25434.23 points, with losses in sectors such as non - ferrous metals and semiconductors [28] - As of now, 1465 A - share listed companies have conducted share repurchases this year, with a total repurchase amount of 140.538 billion yuan. About 80% of these stocks have risen this year, and about 81.91% were profitable in the first three quarters [28] - Many state - owned banks have announced and implemented mid - year dividend plans, with the total cash dividend of the six major state - owned banks expected to exceed 200 billion yuan [29] - 23 listed securities firms have implemented mid - year dividends this year, with a total of 10.683 billion yuan distributed. Another 14 have announced plans to distribute 11.133 billion yuan [29] - In 2025, institutional research on the Beijing Stock Exchange increased significantly, with over 95% of companies being surveyed. YiFangDa Fund is authorized to launch an ETF tracking the HKEX Technology 100 Index [30] Overseas News - The UNCTAD reported that global trade will grow by about 7% (an increase of $2.2 trillion) in 2025, reaching a record $35 trillion [35] - The Fed is expected to cut rates for the third time, with market expectations of a 25 - basis - point cut. Trump said he would support a large - scale rate cut and might adjust tariffs [35] - ADP data showed that US private employers added an average of 4750 jobs per week in the four weeks ending November 22, ending four weeks of job losses. US job openings in October were 7.67 million, exceeding expectations [36] - Ukrainian President Zelensky is ready for elections and requests assistance from the US and Europe. The elections can be prepared within 60 - 90 days [37] - The Swiss government withdrew an incorrect announcement about the US tariff cut on Swiss goods. The Bank of Japan will gradually adjust monetary policy, and the RBA maintained the interest rate at 3.60% [37] International Stock Markets - US major stock indices closed mixed, with some large - cap stocks leading the decline. Japan's IPO financing reached the highest level since 2018, and Medline plans to raise up to $5.37 billion through an IPO [40] - SpaceX plans an IPO in mid - to - late 2026, depending on market conditions [42] Commodities - Precious metals rose, while oil prices fell due to concerns about increased US production and expected supply surplus in 2026. Base metals declined, and iron ore prices are under pressure from high inventory and weak demand [43] - EIA's report adjusted the price forecasts for Brent and WTI crude oil in 2025 and 2026 [44] - Russia's November crude oil production was over 100,000 barrels per day below the target, the largest gap in over two years [46] Bonds - The domestic bond market recovered, with bond yields falling and futures prices rising. US Treasury yields rose due to factors such as Fed policy expectations and inflation [47] Forex - The on - shore RMB against the US dollar rose 20 basis points to 7.0693 at 16:30, and the US dollar index rose 0.14%. Non - US currencies mostly declined, except for the Australian dollar and the offshore RMB [48] 5. Upcoming Economic Indicators and Events Economic Indicators - Key indicators to be released include Japan's December Reuters Tankan index, China's November CPI/PPI, etc. [51] Events - Key events include the expiration of 793 billion yuan of reverse repurchases in China, speeches by central bank governors, and rate decisions by the Bank of Canada, etc. [53]

加密货币，集体跳水！ 美国总统唐纳德.特朗普周日表示，他已经决定了下一任美联储主席的人选。白宫国家经济委员会主任哈塞特表示，有 迹象显示特朗普可能在年底前敲定下任美联储主席人选。 12月1日早间，加密货币市场再度上演大跳水，比特币盘中一度跌破8.7万美元，日内跌幅一度超过5%；以太坊盘中跌 幅也超过5%，失守2900美元。Coinglass数据显示，24小时内，加密货币全网合约爆仓超5亿美元，爆仓人数达到17.72 万。 加密货币此次杀跌，可能跟市场上流传的一则跟美联储主席鲍威尔相关的传闻有关。有"小作文"称，"鲍威尔将在美国 东部时间12月1日晚7点举行的紧急会议上宣布辞职。"不过，截至目前，国外主流媒体并没有报道相关消息。分析人 士指出，上述传闻大概率是假消息。 17.72万人爆仓 今日盘中，加密货币纷纷下挫。比特币盘中一度跌破8.7万美元，以太坊跌破2900美元。截至发稿，比特币跌4.22%报 8.71万美元，以太坊跌5.35%报2837美元，XRP、狗狗币跌超6%，Solana、艾达币跌近6%。 Coinglass数据显示，24小时内，加密货币全网合约爆仓5.28美元，爆仓人数达到17.72万。其中， ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the potential implications of the Federal Reserve's hawkish stance and its impact on the market, particularly in relation to Bitcoin's recent price drop [3][4] - It highlights the internal polarization within the Federal Reserve, with some officials adopting hawkish views while others remain dovish, complicating the decision-making process [4][5] - The article suggests that the current economic environment does not allow for a one-size-fits-all solution, leading to uncertainty in the Fed's actions [5][6] Group 2 - The article reflects on Jerome Powell's past challenges, including market volatility and communication issues, which have influenced his decision-making [6][7] - It emphasizes the historical trend of interest rates, suggesting that they are unlikely to remain stagnant and will eventually break out of the current range [11][20] - The article draws parallels between the U.S. and Chinese real estate markets, indicating that both are facing unique challenges and potential recovery paths [13][16]