国泰君安期货研究所· 海 外 研 究 戴璐 Z0021475 国泰君安期货·君研海外 基本面、降息预期和"AI泡沫" ——透视当前海外三大风险点 资料来源：Bloomberg，国泰君安期货研究 Special report on Guotai Junan Futures (本报告感谢杨藤贡献） 日期：2025年11月24 Guotai Junan Futures all rights reserved, please do not reprint 三大逻辑点落地，市场如何定价？ 11月以来，全球市场经历较多地缘、宏观和产业逻辑的冲击，主要大类资产表现整体呈现几个特征：1）科技板块引领Risk-on，权益 转向防御；2）缺乏明显有效的避险资产，贵金属高位回落，全球国债市场表现不佳；3）年底市场微观流动性不佳，上风险情绪有限 非官方就业指标指向了本次非农数据改善，制造业PMI、服务业PMI、中小 企业就业和CB就业分项集合指数有改善 当前海外市场的波动源自三大逻辑点：1）经济基本面如何？2）基于基本面，对于短期（12月）和远期（2026年）的降息预期如 何？3）从"AI 泡沫"这一更务虚的叙事，转为对AI投资持续 ...

投资咨询业务资格：证监许可【2012】31号 【股指周报（IF&IH&IC&IM)】 海外扰动加剧，股指大幅调整 国贸期货 宏观金融研究中心 2025-11-24 郑雨婷 从业资格证号：F3074875 投资咨询证号：Z0017779 本报告非期货交易咨询业务项下服务，其中的观点和信息仅供参考，不构成任何投资建议；期市有风险，投资需谨慎 01 PART ONE 主要观点及策略概述 股指观点概述 | 影响因 | 驱动 | 主要逻辑 | | --- | --- | --- | | 素 | | | | 经济和企 | 偏空 | 10月经济数据显示，基本面继续呈现走弱态势，投资增速与房地产价格加速下滑。具体来看，1-10月固定资产投资累计同比下降1.7%，增速较9 月回落1.2个百分点。从投资结构分析，房地产投资累计同比下降14.7%，降幅较上期扩大0.8个百分点；基建投资累计同比增长1.51%，增速回 | | 业盈利 | | 落1.83个百分点；制造业投资累计同比增幅为2.7%，较前值下降1.3个百分点。值得注意的是，通胀出现小幅回升，10月CPI同比增速转正至 | | | | 0.2%，环比亦小幅上升0.1个百分点 ...

政治稳定性与地缘政治环境会影响市场对一国经济前景的信心。政治稳定的国家通常更易吸引外资，有 利于维持本币汇率的稳定；而地缘冲突或政治动荡可能引发市场避险情绪，导致资本从风险较高的地区 流出，转向被视为避险资产的货币，从而影响相关货币的汇率波动。 经济基本面是影响汇率长期走势的核心因素之一。国内生产总值（GDP）的增长情况反映了一国经济的 整体活力，经济增长强劲通常意味着该国企业盈利水平提升、就业机会增加、消费能力增强，进而吸引 更多外资流入该国进行直接投资或证券投资，推动本币需求上升，汇率随之升值；通货膨胀率则直接关 系到货币的购买力，若一国通胀率持续高于其他国家，其货币在国际市场上的实际价值会相对下降，进 口商品成本增加，出口竞争力可能减弱，最终可能导致汇率贬值；失业率水平是劳动力市场状况的重要 指标，较低的失业率往往对应着经济运行良好、消费与生产活动活跃，有助于增强国内外市场对该国货 币的信心，对汇率形成支撑。 各国中央银行的货币政策操作对汇率有着直接且显著的影响。利率政策是货币政策的核心工具之一，当 央行提高基准利率时，该国货币的储蓄、债券等资产的收益率上升，会吸引国际资本从收益率较低的国 家流入，以获 ...

免责声明：本报告中的信息均来源于公开可获得资料，瑞达期货股份有限公司力求准确可靠，但对这些信息的准确性及完整性不做任何保 证，据此投资，责任自负。本报告不构成个人投资建议，客户应考虑本报告中的任何意见或建议是否符合其特定状况。本报告版权仅为我公 司所有，未经书面许可，任何机构和个人不得以任何形式翻版、复制和发布。如引用、刊发，需注明出处为瑞达期货股份有限公司研究院， 且不得对本报告进行有悖原意的引用、删节和修改。 | 项目类别 | 数据指标 | 最新 | 环比 数据指标 | 最新 | 环比 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | IF主力合约（2512） IH主力合约（2512） | 4565.2 3011.0 | +22.2↑ IF次主力合约（2511） +16.6↑ IH次主力合约（2511） | 4583.4 3018.0 | +23.4↑ +17.4↑ | | | IC主力合约（2512） | 7054.8 | -1.6↓ IC次主力合约（2511） | 7116.6 | -15.6↓ | | | IM主力合约（2512） | 7298.2 | -31. ...

Macroeconomic Overview - October fundamentals continued to weaken, with real growth indicators showing significant decline, while price indicators remained supported by base effects and rebounds[2] - New home sales and investment in real estate further weakened, with infrastructure and manufacturing investment growth rates declining more sharply[2] - Social financing in October was 815 billion CNY, significantly below the expected 1,528.4 billion CNY and the previous value of 3,529.6 billion CNY[9] - New credit in October was 220 billion CNY, compared to an expected 460 billion CNY and a previous value of 1,290 billion CNY[9] Economic Data Analysis - Industrial value added in October grew by 4.9%, below the expected 5.5% and previous 6.5%[15] - Retail sales in October increased by 2.9%, slightly above the expected 2.7% but below the previous 3%[15] - Fixed asset investment showed a cumulative year-on-year decline of 1.7%, worse than the expected decline of 0.7%[15] - Real estate development investment fell by 14.7% year-on-year, slightly worse than the expected decline of 14.5%[15] Market Reactions - The stock market experienced a volume decline, with the Shanghai Composite Index down by 0.18% and the Shenzhen Component Index down by 1.40%[8] - Bond yields generally decreased, with the 10-year government bond yield falling by 0.1 basis points[8] - The U.S. stock market initially rose but later fell, with the Dow Jones up by 0.34% and the S&P 500 up by 0.08% before declining[8] - The U.S. dollar index fell by 0.26%, while the offshore RMB appreciated by 251 basis points against the dollar[8]

投资咨询业务资格：证监许可【2012】31号 【股指周报（IF&IH&IC&IM)】 海外扰动加剧，股指冲高回落 国贸期货 宏观金融研究中心 2025-11-17 郑雨婷 从业资格证号：F3074875 投资咨询证号：Z0017779 本报告非期货交易咨询业务项下服务，其中的观点和信息仅供参考，不构成任何投资建议；期市有风险，投资需谨慎 01 PART ONE 主要观点及策略概述 股指观点概述 | 影响因 | 驱动 | 主要逻辑 | | --- | --- | --- | | 素 | | | | 经济和企 | 偏空 | 10月经济数据显示，基本面继续呈现走弱态势，投资增速与房地产价格加速下滑。具体来看，1-10月固定资产投资累计同比下降1.7%，增速较9 月回落1.2个百分点。从投资结构分析，房地产投资累计同比下降14.7%，降幅较上期扩大0.8个百分点；基建投资累计同比增长1.51%，增速回 | | 业盈利 | | 落1.83个百分点；制造业投资累计同比增幅为2.7%，较前值下降1.3个百分点。值得注意的是，通胀出现小幅回升，10月CPI同比增速转正至 | | | | 0.2%，环比亦小幅上升0.1个百分点 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles indicates that the bond futures market has shown a slight upward trend after a period of weak fluctuations, driven primarily by institutional behavior and sentiment rather than fundamental economic factors [1][2][3] - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) announced a net purchase of 20 billion yuan in government bonds on November 4, which has positively impacted market expectations and supported the bond market [2] - Economic indicators show a mild recovery, with October CPI rising by 0.2% month-on-month and year-on-year, while PPI has turned positive for the first time this year, indicating a gradual price recovery [2][3] Group 2 - Export data for October shows signs of weakness, with a clear trend of marginal slowdown expected in November and December, necessitating strong policy support for domestic demand [3] - The overall economic growth pressure is manageable, with a GDP growth rate of 5.2% for the first three quarters, leading to expectations of continued policy implementation without the necessity for interest rate cuts [3] - The bond market is expected to maintain a volatile trend due to a combination of reasonable liquidity support and the influence of a strong equity market, which may constrain bond market performance [2][3]

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content Core Viewpoints - The scale of the central bank's bond purchases in October was significantly less than last year, but the daily average net purchase was not low. The total net purchase in November is likely to exceed that in October [1]. - The scale of the central bank's future bond purchases depends on bond yield changes. The recent decline in interest rates may be due to market trading of the "central bank bond - buying" theme, and bond pricing will eventually return to fundamentals [2]. - There is theoretical downward space for the 10Y Treasury bond yield, but three points need to be noted: the speed of yield decline, the possible change of the "desirable level" over time, and the influence of market internal forces [3]. Summary by Related Catalog 1. Is the 20 - billion bond - buying scale small? - On November 4, 2025, the central bank disclosed a net bond purchase of 20 billion yuan in October, much less than last year's monthly 100 - 30 billion yuan. Using the daily average indicator, the daily net purchase was 50 billion yuan from October 28 - 31, and the November total is likely to exceed October's [1]. - The scale of the central bank's future bond purchases depends on bond yield changes. The 20 - billion purchase may not be the main reason for the 5bp decline in the 10Y Treasury bond yield from October 28 - 31, and bond pricing will return to fundamentals [2]. 2. The downward space of bond yields and three points to note - It is reasonable to think that the central bank's restart of bond - buying indicates that the Treasury bond yield in late October was at a desirable level. There is theoretical downward space for the 10Y Treasury bond yield, similar to the level in mid - June [3]. - Three points to note: the speed of yield decline may be more important than the specific level; the "desirable level" may change over time; the downward space is a theoretical maximum from a policy perspective, and market forces often dominate bond yield trends [3].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the given content. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In October 2025, the decline of manufacturing PMI, weaker than the seasonal level and with weakening supply and demand, may indicate certain downward pressure on the Q4 economy [2][7]. - Both domestic and external demands declined, and price indicators did not continue the improvement trend of last month. The differentiated structure of "strong raw material prices and weak finished - product prices" may restrict the repair of corporate profits [2][7]. - The business climate of large enterprises fell below the boom - bust line, and the business climates of high - tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing industries significantly declined [2][7]. - The business climate of the non - manufacturing industry is mainly driven by holiday service consumption, and the overall expansion strength is still weak [2][7]. - The trading logic of the bond market in Q4 focuses on the weakening economic fundamentals and the expectation of monetary easing, and a repair market may be welcomed. It is expected that the yield of the active 10 - year treasury bond (tax - exempt) may decline to 1.65% - 1.7%, and the yield of the taxable bond may decline to 1.7% - 1.75% [2][7]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Event Description - In October 2025, the manufacturing PMI was 49.0%, a decrease of 0.8 pct from the previous month, lower than the Wind consensus forecast of 50.0%. The non - manufacturing business activity index slightly increased by 0.1 pct to 50.1%, slightly higher than the boom - bust line and lower than the Wind consensus forecast of 50.3%. Among them, the service industry business activity index was 50.2%, an increase of 0.1 pct, and the construction industry business activity index was 49.1%, a decrease of 0.2 pct [5]. 3.2 Event Comment - **Manufacturing PMI and economic pressure**: The manufacturing PMI in October 2025 fell back to a nearly two - year low. The production index and new order index decreased by 2.2 pct and 0.9 pct respectively to 49.7% and 48.8%. The procurement volume index decreased significantly by 2.6 pct to 49.0%, and the difference between the "finished - product inventory - on - hand orders" index widened by 0.6 pct to 3.6 pct. The weak pattern of production and demand was partly due to the pre - release of some demand before the National Day holiday and partly reflected the lack of endogenous momentum, indicating certain downward pressure on the Q4 economy [7]. - **Demand and price situation**: In October, external demand did not continue its resilience, and the new export order index significantly declined by 1.9 pct to 45.9%. The new order index for domestic demand also turned from rising to falling. The main raw material purchase price index and the ex - factory price index both decreased by 0.7 pct, recording 52.5% and 47.5% respectively. The difference between them remained at 5.0 pct, and the main raw material purchase price index was still in the expansion range. The "strong raw material prices and weak finished - product prices" structure may restrict the repair of corporate profits [7]. - **Enterprise and industry changes**: Among enterprises, the PMIs of large and small enterprises both fell by 1.1 pct to 49.9% and 47.1% respectively, and the PMI of medium - sized enterprises slightly fell by 0.1 pct to 48.7%. In terms of industries, the PMIs of high - tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing industries were 50.5% and 50.2% respectively, a decline of 1.1 pct and 1.7 pct from the previous month. The consumer goods industry remained in the expansion range, slightly falling by 0.5 pct to 50.1%, while the PMI of the basic raw material industry further dropped to 47.3%. The overall market expectation was optimistic, with the production and business activity expectation index at 52.8%, and the expectation indexes of industries such as non - ferrous metals and transportation equipment rising to the high - level boom range above 60% [7]. - **Non - manufacturing industry situation**: In October, the non - manufacturing PMI slightly increased by 0.1 pct to 50.1%, and the service industry PMI rose to 50.2%. The on - hand order index fell by 0.8 pct while the new order index remained flat, indicating that the holiday effect was the main driver. The business activity indexes of industries such as transportation, accommodation, and culture and entertainment were all in the high - level boom range above 60%, but industries such as real estate continued to be sluggish. The construction industry business activity index turned from rising to falling, decreasing by 0.2 pct to 49.1%, possibly dragged down by the slowdown of holiday construction and the decline of post - holiday real estate sales [7]. - **Bond market outlook**: Currently, the endogenous momentum for the repair of production and demand may be limited. On the day when the PMI data was released, the yield of the 10 - year treasury bond active bond decreased by 0.95 BP. The economic fundamentals still face a pattern of weak supply and demand, the pressure on enterprises for passive inventory replenishment continues, and the ex - factory - raw material price gap still restricts the repair of corporate profits. Although 500 billion yuan of new policy - based financial instruments have been put in place and local governments have an additional 200 billion yuan of special bond quotas, the sustainability of the recovery of real estate sales and the transmission effect of policy funds on infrastructure investment still need to be observed. The trading logic of the bond market in Q4 focuses on the weakening economic fundamentals and the expectation of monetary easing, and a repair market may be welcomed. It is expected that the yield of the active 10 - year treasury bond (tax - exempt) may decline to 1.65% - 1.7%, and the yield of the taxable bond may decline to 1.7% - 1.75% [7].

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve is expected to lower interest rates by 25 basis points, bringing the federal funds rate to a range of 3.75%-4.00%, which could significantly impact the market and is particularly relevant for A-share investors [2] Group 1: Impact of Federal Reserve Rate Cut on A-shares - The anticipated rate cut is seen as a positive signal for A-shares, as it is linked to capital flows, policy space, and economic fundamentals, creating a threefold certainty logic [2] - A-shares are increasingly viewed as a "value pit" in the global market, attracting attention due to their unique valuation appeal amidst global capital seeking higher returns [4] - The current price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of the Shanghai Composite Index is approximately 16 times, compared to the Nasdaq's 32 times, indicating a faster "payback period" for A-shares, which enhances their attractiveness to global investors [7] Group 2: Capital Inflows and Economic Stimulus - Following the first rate cut in September, foreign capital inflows into A-shares reached $4.6 billion, marking a new monthly high since November 2024, demonstrating foreign investors' positive sentiment towards the A-share market [7] - A further rate cut would likely lead to increased foreign capital inflows through channels like the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect, providing substantial financial support to the market [9] - The easing of monetary policy is expected to stimulate domestic consumption and investment, particularly benefiting sensitive sectors like manufacturing and small enterprises, thereby improving profit expectations and stock prices [11][14] Group 3: Long-term Economic Resilience - The Federal Reserve's rate cut is viewed as a catalyst for activating China's economic resilience, with GDP growth of 5.2% in the first three quarters despite external pressures, indicating strong industrial competitiveness and foreign trade resilience [16] - The combination of increased global liquidity, coordinated fiscal and monetary policies in China, and a potential recovery in foreign trade orders is expected to create a threefold economic driving force: foreign capital inflow, domestic demand stimulation, and foreign trade recovery [17] - The long-term performance of the stock market is fundamentally linked to economic conditions, with the rate cut providing both immediate capital support and opportunities for policy adjustments, ultimately leading to economic recovery [19]