【文/观察者网 王恺雯】掳走委内瑞拉总统马杜罗之后，美国一步步推动着特朗普利用委内瑞拉石油"创 收"的计划。 路透社1月10日报道，美国财政部长贝森特透露，美国最早或于下周解除针对委内瑞拉的额外制裁，以 促进委内瑞拉石油销售。此前，特朗普已经签署行政令，"保护"美方所持委内瑞拉石油收入。 在委内瑞拉被冻结的资产中，有近50亿美元以国际货币基金组织中的特别提款权（SDR）形式存在，贝 森特9日晚间接受采访表示，这些资产可能被用于帮助委内瑞拉重建经济。 "我们正在解除对将要出售的石油的制裁。"贝森特说。他表示，美国财政部正在研究如何推动石油销售 收益回流委内瑞拉，用于"支撑政府运转、保障安全部门开支，并惠及委内瑞拉民众"。 当被问及何时解除更多对委制裁时，贝森特称，"可能最早就在下周"，但未说明具体涉及哪些制裁。 贝森特 视频截图 路透社称，美方最新举措是特朗普政府稳定委内瑞拉、鼓励美国石油生产商重返该国努力的一部分。 美国的制裁禁止国际银行和其他债权人在没有许可的情况下与委内瑞拉政府进行交易，这些制裁被外界 视为委内瑞拉1500亿美元债务重组进程的一大障碍，而债务重组又被认为是私人资本回归委内瑞拉的关 键。 9 ...

央行数据显示，中国12月末黄金储备报7415万盎司，环比增加3万盎司，为连续第14个月增持黄金。 | 项目 Item | 2025.11 | | 2025.12 | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | 亿美元 | 亿SDR | 亿美元 | 亿SDR | | | 100million | 100million | 100million | 100million | | | USD | SDR | USD | SDR | | 1. 外汇储备 Foreign currency reserves | 33463.72 | 24631.64 | 33578.69 | 24518.89 | | 2. 基金组织储备头寸 IMF reserve position | 110.59 | 81.40 | 111.79 | 81.63 | | 3. 特别提款权 SDRs | 557.16 | 410.11 | 558.24 | 407.62 | | 4. 黄金 Gold | 3106.47 | 2286.58 | 3194.50 | 2332.60 | | | 7412万签司 | 7412万 ...

国际货币体系的历史演变 国际货币是在国际市场上充当一般等价物或行使一般等价物职能的货币。国际货币体系的演变是不同时 期货币因素与非货币因素综合作用的结果。不同阶段的国际货币体系运行特征不尽相同，国际金本位 制、布雷顿森林体系、牙买加体系在一定程度上促进了国际经济社会发展，同时也暴露出各自存在的问 题，为未来改革提供了镜鉴。 作者：徐德顺，商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院研究员 国际货币因国际贸易而生，于15世纪地理大发现、国际贸易伙伴大扩容时为早期重商主义者所关注，迄 今已有数百年历史。国际货币体系是国际体系的重要组成部分，由一系列国际货币制度构成，其形成与 发展受到货币内在规律、市场经济需求和地缘政治博弈等多重因素影响。国际货币体系经历了二战前的 国际金本位制、二战后的布雷顿森林体系和牙买加体系三大阶段。其中，牙买加体系的主要特征是 以"脱锚"的主权信用货币为主要国际储备资产，其公平合理性一直以来受到广泛质疑。面对地缘政治博 弈加剧、市场创新加速的现实挑战，国际社会应凝聚共识，促进国际货币体系朝着更加稳健、更有效 率、更加公平合理的方向改革。 一、单一紊乱的国际金本位制 三、令人堪忧的牙买加体系 布雷顿森林体系 ...

Core Insights - As of the end of October, China's foreign exchange reserves reached $33,433 billion, an increase of $47 billion from the previous month, marking three consecutive months of growth [1][4] - The increase in reserves is attributed to expectations regarding monetary policies of major economies and macroeconomic data, despite a stronger dollar and depreciation of non-dollar currencies [4] - The People's Bank of China continues to slightly increase gold reserves, which reached 7,409 million ounces, reflecting a strategy to optimize international reserve structure [1][4] Summary by Category Foreign Exchange Reserves - China's foreign exchange reserves stood at $33,433 billion at the end of October, up 0.14% month-on-month [1] - The reserves have shown a recovery trend for three consecutive months after a brief decline in July [4] Gold Reserves - Gold reserves reached 7,409 million ounces, marking the 12th consecutive month of increase [1] - The People's Bank of China is actively increasing gold holdings to optimize the structure of international reserves [1][4] Economic Factors - The growth in foreign exchange reserves is supported by the overall rise in global financial asset prices, which mitigated the negative impact of currency depreciation [1][4] - China's strong economic fundamentals, including resilience and potential, are key factors in maintaining stable foreign exchange reserves [4]

Core Points - As of the end of October 2025, China's foreign exchange reserves reached $33,433 billion, an increase of $47 billion from the end of September, representing a growth rate of 0.14% [1][2] - The gold reserves stood at 74.09 million ounces, and when calculated in Special Drawing Rights (SDR), the foreign exchange reserves amounted to 24,612.45 billion SDR [1] - The increase in foreign exchange reserves is attributed to the monetary policies and expectations of major economies, as well as macroeconomic data, leading to a stronger US dollar index and a general decline in non-dollar currencies [1][2] Economic Insights - The US dollar index rose by 2.1% to 99.8, marking a new high since August, which contributed to the positive valuation effect on global financial assets [1] - The recent guidelines from the Central Committee emphasize the importance of high-level opening up, which reflects a commitment to reform and development through openness [2] - The focus on trade innovation includes promoting market diversification, optimizing and upgrading goods trade, and fostering new growth points, indicating that exports will play a stabilizing role in cross-border capital flows [2] Investment Environment - The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) highlighted the stability and potential of the Chinese economy, suggesting that the conditions for maintaining a stable foreign exchange reserve scale remain unchanged [2] - The approach to foreign investment includes ensuring both access and operational facilitation, which is expected to lay a foundation for the basic balance of international payments in capital projects [2]

Core Insights - The People's Bank of China reported an increase in gold reserves, reaching 73.96 million ounces by the end of July, marking the ninth consecutive month of gold accumulation [1] Group 1: Gold Reserves - As of the end of July, China's gold reserves stood at 73.96 million ounces, an increase of 60,000 ounces from the previous month [1] - This increase in gold reserves reflects a continued strategy of accumulation over the past nine months [1] Group 2: Foreign Currency Reserves - The foreign currency reserves for China were reported at approximately $32,090.36 million in January 2025, with a slight increase to $32,272.24 million in February and further to $32,406.65 million in March [2] - The total foreign currency reserves reached $32,816.62 million by April 2025, indicating a consistent upward trend [2] Group 3: Other Reserve Assets - The IMF reserve position was reported at $100.48 million in January 2025, with a slight increase to $100.87 million in February [2] - Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) also showed an upward trend, increasing from $527.12 million in January to $550.51 million by April 2025 [2]

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China reported an increase in gold reserves, marking the ninth consecutive month of accumulation, with reserves reaching 7.396 million ounces (approximately 2300.41 tons) as of the end of July [2]. Group 1: Foreign Currency Reserves - As of July, China's foreign currency reserves stood at approximately $3.292 trillion, showing a slight increase from the previous month [2]. - The IMF reserve position for China was reported at $109.28 billion, reflecting a decrease from the previous month [2]. Group 2: Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) - The SDRs held by China were recorded at 552.69 million SDRs as of July, with a slight fluctuation observed in the preceding months [2]. Group 3: Gold Reserves - The gold reserves increased by 60,000 ounces (approximately 1.86 tons) from the previous month, continuing a trend of consistent growth [2]. - The value of gold reserves was reported at $2,439.85 per ounce, indicating a significant increase compared to earlier months [2]. Group 4: Other Reserve Assets - Other reserve assets showed a negative balance of -3.47 billion, indicating a slight improvement from the previous month [2].

Group 1 - The Chinese government firmly opposes sacrificing principles and international fairness for any agreements, as stated by the spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce [1] - The U.S. Treasury Secretary emphasized the need for the U.S. to strengthen its leadership in the IMF and World Bank, aiming for greater transparency in global financial governance [3] - The U.S. tariffs have led to significant financial burdens on low-income families, with additional costs amounting to 6.2% of their income, compared to only 1.7% for high-income households [6] Group 2 - Predictions indicate that if the current U.S. tariff policies remain unchanged, prices for baby products could rise by approximately 30%, with specific tariffs on baby furniture and toys reaching as high as 129% and 113% respectively [8] - The recent congressional hearing highlighted the challenges faced by the U.S. Treasury Secretary in justifying the tariff policies, which are increasingly seen as detrimental to the economy [5][8] - The overall impact of the tariffs is perceived as counterproductive, with the policies described as a self-inflicted economic challenge rather than a protective measure for American interests [8]