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李公明︱一周书记:历史迷雾中的自由之困与……美国的非自由主义
Xin Lang Cai Jing· 2025-10-02 04:38
非自由主义 如何塑造美国历史 [美]史蒂文·哈恩 著 袁野 译 A History STEVEN HAHN 这部作品注定成为经典。 Eric Foner 埃里克·方纳 Pulitzer Prize for History Bancroft Prize 普利策历史奖 ·班克罗夫特奖 双料得主新作 中信出版集团 《自由之困:非自由主义如何塑造美国历史》,[美] 史蒂文·哈恩著,袁野译,中信出版社,2025年6月版,544页,98.00元 读美国历史学家史蒂文·哈恩(Steven Hahn)的《自由之困:非自由主义如何塑造美国历史》(Illiberal America: A History,2024;袁野译,中信 出版社,2025年7月),有一种强烈的感觉是指向当前美国政治中的局势与发展动向,但是在阅读中不断被引领着思考的则是发生在美国政治思想 史与社会史之间的历史真相。可以说,该书为观察和思考美国当代右翼民粹主义思潮提供了非常重要的历史视角,同时也帮助读者从自由主义与 非自由主义的复杂纠缠中更深刻地认识了非自由主义政治所带来危害的严重性。 以自由主义和非自由主义的概念作为统摄美国政治传统乃至历史叙事的核心视角,这 ...
查理·柯克之死背后,“两个美国”的文化战争
Xin Jing Bao· 2025-09-22 03:25
2025年9月10日中午,31岁的美国保守派活动家、评论员查理·柯克(Charlie Kirk)在犹他州的犹他谷大 学校园里举行的演讲活动中,被人射杀。在被送往附近的医疗机构进行抢救之后,柯克不治身亡。当地 时间下午2时40分左右,美国总统特朗普亲自发出了他死亡的信息。事发当天开始,美国国内出现了舆 论风暴。许多人想当然地把这一事件的凶手,想象成保守主义的反对者。人们震惊于美国国内频发的暴 力事件。很多国家的政要也表达了对美国国内矛盾加剧的关切。 这让笔者想起托克维尔在1835年出版的《论美国的民主》。这是一部被认为是美国政治和文化史的顶级 经典之作。托克维尔在书中以一个"外国人"的视角中美国这个新生的国家毫不吝惜地写出了大量的正面 评价,他对于美国各地的"平等状态"感到震惊。然而三年后的1838年,时年28岁的亚伯拉罕·林肯发表 了著名的青年学会演说,直言这个国家面临着威胁:"蔓延全国的对法律的日益藐视……以及比野蛮的 暴民更为恶劣的群体……"。林肯之所以和托克维尔有着南辕北辙的观点,是因为他刚刚了解到当时一 件令人发指的针对黑人的暴行:一位在蒸汽船上工作的黑人被一群白人在圣路易斯被活活烧死。更令人 震惊的 ...
自民党总裁候选人竞相扩大支持群体
日经中文网· 2025-09-21 00:33
左起:高市早苗、小泉进次郎、林芳正、小林鹰之、茂木敏充 日本农相小泉进次郎邀请财务相加藤胜信担任自己的选举对策本部长,以寻求保守色彩较强阶层的支 持。前经济安全保障相小林鹰之转而推进曾受到批评的防灾厅构想,寻求争取现任首相石破茂的支持群 体…… 石破在2024年的第一轮投票中获得了党员票108票,占全体的3成,国会议员票46票。由于此次石破不参 选,因此2024年投票给石破的党员和议员的动向将对胜败产生影响力。 各媒体的舆论调查也显示,石破内阁的支持率正在上升,与石破的对立有可能成为扩大支持率的逆风。 关于去年以来多次批评首相政权运营一事,小林解释称"我是抱着有利于激活自民党的信念进行发言 的"。 小泉在9月16日的记者会上表示,邀请加藤担任选举对策本部长,得到了加藤的同意。加藤是由保守派 等组成的自民党议员联盟"创生日本"的主要成员,曾在安倍晋三政权担任厚生劳动相和官房副长官。 小泉曾倡导引入可选择的夫妇不同姓等,自民党内认为其"倾向自由主义"。小泉和加藤两人虽然同在菅 义伟政权中担任过阁僚,但很少有观点认为两人的政治理念相近。 有分析认为,邀请加藤担任竞选团队高管,可能是期待争取倾向保守政策的阶层的支持。 ...
查理·柯克之死与美国新一轮政治暴力浪潮
Xin Jing Bao· 2025-09-12 16:15
Core Points - The tragic shooting of Charlie Kirk, a prominent conservative activist and ally of former President Trump, occurred during a public event in Utah, leading to widespread attention and discussions about gun violence in the U.S. [1][2][11] - Kirk was a significant figure in the "Make America Great Again" (MAGA) movement, known for his vocal support of conservative values and gun rights, which has sparked both admiration and criticism [4][5][12] Group 1: Incident Overview - On September 10, during an event at Utah Valley University, Charlie Kirk was shot, resulting in his death, which was confirmed by President Trump shortly after [1][2] - The shooting occurred shortly after Kirk was engaged in a discussion about gun violence, highlighting the irony of the situation [7][8] - The shooter was reported to have fired from a nearby rooftop, and law enforcement initially struggled to apprehend the suspect [9][10] Group 2: Background on Charlie Kirk - Charlie Kirk, born in 1993, was a notable conservative figure who co-founded Turning Point USA, an organization aimed at promoting conservative values on college campuses [3][4] - He gained prominence through public speaking and media appearances, advocating for issues such as gun rights and family values [4][5] - Kirk's influence among young conservatives was significant, as he helped shape the narrative around the MAGA movement [12][14] Group 3: Reactions and Implications - The shooting has prompted a wave of condemnation from both sides of the political spectrum, with leaders like President Biden and former President Obama denouncing the violence [11][12] - Analysts suggest that Kirk's death may exacerbate the already polarized political climate in the U.S., potentially leading to further violence [12][16] - Trump's response to the incident, including plans to honor Kirk posthumously, indicates an attempt to galvanize his base and reinforce the MAGA movement [14][16]
子弹终结辩论,maga旗手陨落
Hu Xiu· 2025-09-12 05:30
Core Points - The assassination of Charlie Kirk marks a significant escalation in political violence in the United States, reflecting a deepening political polarization and the normalization of hate politics [3][20][26] - Kirk's death has sparked a divided response on social media, with conservative figures mourning him while left-leaning individuals mock his demise, indicating a troubling trend of dehumanization in political discourse [12][14][15] Group 1: Incident Overview - Charlie Kirk was shot and killed during a public speaking event in Utah, attended by approximately 3,000 people [1][2] - The shooting is being investigated by the FBI, with initial assessments suggesting it was a single perpetrator act, and the motive remains unclear [2][3] - Utah's governor labeled the incident a "political assassination," and former President Trump ordered flags to be flown at half-staff in Kirk's honor [2][8] Group 2: Charlie Kirk's Background - Kirk, born in 1993, became politically active after the 2008 financial crisis and co-founded Turning Point USA at the age of 18 to promote conservative views among youth [4][5] - He transformed Turning Point USA into a well-funded media organization, gaining millions of followers through social media and his radio show [5][6] - Kirk's confrontational style and controversial statements have made him a polarizing figure, appealing to many young conservatives while inciting significant opposition [5][6][21] Group 3: Political Climate and Reactions - The political landscape has become increasingly hostile, with both parties condemning violence while maintaining their ideological frameworks [11][12] - Social media has amplified the divide, with many on the left openly mocking Kirk's death, reflecting a broader trend of dehumanization in political rhetoric [12][14][15] - The incident highlights the fragility of civil discourse and the potential for political violence to escalate further, as seen in the reactions from both sides of the political spectrum [20][24][26]
上了美国大当!欧盟刚投降,美法院就裁定非法,欧洲利益白让了
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-09-01 03:01
Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the frustration and helplessness of the EU in the face of U.S. trade policies, particularly the recent court ruling that deemed Trump's tariffs illegal, rendering the EU's concessions meaningless [1][3][5]. Group 1: EU's Position and Reactions - The EU's recent concessions to the U.S. are now seen as a waste, especially after the U.S. court ruling that could lead to the removal of tariffs [1][5]. - EU leaders, particularly from France, are expressing strong opposition to the previous "surrender policy" and are considering investigations into U.S. tech giants [5]. - The EU's attempts to avoid conflict with the U.S. to prevent benefits to China and Russia have backfired, leaving the EU in a vulnerable position [5][9]. Group 2: U.S. Internal Dynamics - Trump's administration continues to use tariffs as leverage against other countries, while the U.S. court has declared many of these measures illegal due to lack of congressional authorization [3][6]. - The internal conflict in the U.S. between Trump and the judiciary reflects a broader struggle over the direction of U.S. economic policy, with potential implications for international agreements [8][9]. - Trump's approach suggests a shift towards a form of state capitalism, as he plans to invest in tech and military industries, raising concerns about the future of U.S. economic policy [6][8].
金灿荣:别再迷信纠错力,现在的美国比我们想象的更复杂
Guan Cha Zhe Wang· 2025-08-16 01:16
Group 1 - The article discusses the duality of America, highlighting the coexistence of liberalism and non-liberalism throughout its history [2][4] - It emphasizes that the liberal tradition in America has often overshadowed its non-liberal aspects, which include white supremacy and hierarchical exclusion [4][6] - The book "The Crisis of Freedom" by Steven Hahn provides a historical perspective on America's current challenges, arguing that non-liberalism has been a structural part of its political development for 250 years [1][11] Group 2 - The rise of populism in America, exemplified by Donald Trump, is rooted in a deep social foundation and historical inevitability, reflecting the frustrations of white working-class communities [7][10] - Trump's support base includes three main factions: the MAGA movement, traditional right-wing Wall Street supporters, and Silicon Valley tech elites, although tensions exist within these groups [7][9] - The article notes that the political landscape is highly polarized, with significant divisions between Republican and Democratic parties, further exacerbated by economic inequality [10][11] Group 3 - Economic inequality in America is highlighted, with 1% of the population holding a disproportionate amount of wealth, leading to social unrest and movements like Occupy Wall Street [11][12] - The decline of manufacturing in the U.S. has resulted in the deterioration of many white working-class communities, contributing to the rise of populist sentiments [12][14] - The article suggests that understanding America's complexities is crucial for engaging with it effectively, especially in the context of its historical and philosophical underpinnings [14][17]
为什么美国这么多流浪汉?
虎嗅APP· 2025-07-18 14:12
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the complex issue of homelessness in California, particularly in Los Angeles, highlighting the paradox of a wealthy state with a significant homeless population and the societal attitudes towards freedom and welfare policies [2][7]. Group 1: Economic Context - California has the highest GDP in the U.S. at $4.1 trillion, making it the world's fourth-largest economy, yet it also has the highest number of homeless individuals in the country, with approximately 187,000 homeless people, accounting for 25% of the national total [2][4]. - The Skid Row area in Los Angeles is noted as the most densely populated homeless community in the U.S., with around 5,000 homeless individuals living there [4]. Group 2: Social Dynamics - The article emphasizes the American value of freedom, suggesting that many Americans prioritize personal freedom over economic equality, which complicates the approach to managing homelessness [7]. - Many locals express discomfort with the presence of homeless individuals but acknowledge their right to live freely, reflecting a societal tension between personal rights and community safety [7]. Group 3: Welfare Policies - California's government spends over $5 billion annually on homeless assistance, but the policies are seen as contradictory, leading to limited effectiveness in addressing the issue [9]. - Homeless individuals in Los Angeles can receive various forms of assistance, including cash aid of $221 per month, food assistance of $291, and housing subsidies ranging from $300 to $1,000, which can incentivize some to remain homeless rather than seek employment [10][11]. Group 4: Causes of Homelessness - The article identifies three primary reasons for homelessness in the U.S.: economic bankruptcy, substance abuse, and mental health issues, with many individuals lacking savings and relying on credit [13]. - The prevalence of substance abuse is highlighted, with millions of Americans struggling with alcohol and drug addiction, contributing to the cycle of homelessness [14][15].
为什么美国这么多流浪汉?
Hu Xiu· 2025-07-18 04:24
Core Insights - California, despite being the wealthiest state in the U.S. with a nominal GDP of $4.1 trillion, has the highest number of homeless individuals in the country, accounting for approximately 25% of the national total [1][2] - Skid Row in Los Angeles is the most densely populated homeless community in the U.S., with around 5,000 homeless individuals living there, over 50% of whom sleep on the streets [2][3] - The U.S. prioritizes individual freedom over equality, leading to a reluctance to impose strict regulations on the homeless population, which complicates efforts to manage the situation [6][7] Government Policies and Welfare - California's "Housing First" policy aims to provide housing for the homeless before addressing broader community issues, but this approach has proven costly and inefficient [7] - Local governments play a crucial role in welfare distribution, with California spending over $5 billion annually on homeless assistance, yet policies often contradict each other, leading to limited effectiveness [8][9] - Homeless individuals in Los Angeles can receive various forms of assistance, including cash aid, food assistance, medical care, and housing subsidies, with monthly cash aid ranging from $500 to $1,500 depending on circumstances [9][10][11][12] Causes of Homelessness - The primary reasons for homelessness in the U.S. include economic bankruptcy, substance abuse, and mental health issues, with many individuals lacking savings and relying on credit [14][15] - The high cost of living in cities like Los Angeles, where rent can exceed $1,500, often leads individuals to prefer living on the streets and relying on government assistance rather than maintaining a stable residence [14] - Substance abuse is prevalent, with millions of Americans struggling with alcohol and drug addiction, contributing to the cycle of homelessness [15][16]
自由灯塔的暗面:非自由主义如何塑造美国250年?
Hu Xiu· 2025-07-11 08:32
Core Argument - The book "The Crisis of Freedom" by Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Steven Hahn argues that illiberalism has been a fundamental aspect of American history, challenging the notion that the U.S. has always been a beacon of liberalism [1][4][25] Group 1: Historical Context of Liberalism and Illiberalism - The connection between America and liberalism has been long-standing, particularly in political and rights contexts, forming the basis of America's unique historical narrative [3][4] - Critics from both the left and right have pointed out the limitations and failures of liberalism, suggesting that it is often intertwined with illiberal practices [4][5] - Illiberalism has emerged as a significant challenge to liberal norms, gaining recognition only recently as a concept that questions the established liberal democratic standards [4][5] Group 2: Characteristics of Illiberalism - Illiberalism is associated with hierarchical orders, elite rule, limited political participation, militarism, and a clear delineation of enemies, often mocking liberal ideals [5][6] - The book emphasizes that illiberalism is not merely a reaction to liberalism but has deep historical roots that predate the emergence of liberal thought [5][9] - Illiberalism encompasses a range of political and cultural ideas that have shaped American society, often manifesting in various forms of authority and community dynamics [10][11] Group 3: Evolution of Illiberalism in American History - The book traces the historical trajectory of illiberalism in America, highlighting its persistent features such as community dominance, suspicion of outsiders, and a desire for cultural homogeneity [10][11] - Illiberalism has been a central force in shaping political and cultural dynamics, influencing the nature of governance and societal relations throughout American history [11][12] - The narrative of illiberalism is presented as a complex interplay of social practices and political authority, rather than a mere opposition to liberalism [19][20] Group 4: Contemporary Implications - The book aims to reveal the fragile foundations of liberal principles and the significant obstacles faced by movements advocating for rights and inclusion [21][22] - It discusses how illiberalism has been intertwined with right-wing politics in America, although it does not equate illiberalism solely with conservatism [22][23] - The exploration of illiberalism in the context of social justice movements highlights the ongoing struggle for inclusion and empowerment among marginalized groups [24][25]