Core Viewpoint - The recent policy on free preschool education in China aims to balance educational equity and fiscal sustainability, starting from the 2025 autumn semester, by eliminating care and education fees for public kindergartens for the last year of preschool [1] Group 1: Policy Implementation - The policy will focus on reducing the financial burden on families by eliminating care fees while retaining flexible expenses like meal and transportation fees [2] - A three-tiered financial responsibility system will be established, with central, provincial, and local governments sharing the fiscal burden, particularly supporting underdeveloped regions [2] - The implementation will be gradual, starting with one year of free education in 2025, with plans to expand to two and then three years based on readiness [2] Group 2: Inclusivity and Equity - The policy emphasizes high-quality inclusivity rather than a one-size-fits-all approach, ensuring that support is tailored to regional differences and vulnerable groups [3] - A dynamic adjustment mechanism for subsidies linked to regional financial capabilities will help address disparities in educational access [3] - Special provisions will be made for economically disadvantaged children, orphans, and disabled children, ensuring comprehensive support [3] Group 3: Quality Assurance - The policy aims to ensure that cost reductions do not compromise educational quality by improving teacher salaries and stabilizing the workforce [4] - A robust regulatory framework will be established to oversee the quality of preschool education, with clear responsibilities assigned to local governments [4] - The development of a national preschool education management information system will enhance data management and enable precise governance, ensuring funds are allocated effectively [4]

银行行业 行业研究 | 动态跟踪 恢复征收增值税，对银行利润影响有限， 更多关注资产配置变化 ——银行视角看此次债券利息收入恢复征收增值税 核心观点 投资建议与投资标的 ⚫ 外部环境不确定性增加，宽货币有望延续，全社会预期回报率中长期仍趋于下行， 低波红利策略有效性料延续。公募改革导致的银行配置偏离风格回归的预期，有望 助力银行跑出超额收益。保险预定利率于 25Q3 再度下调，险资股息率容忍度有望 进一步抬升，呵护银行绝对收益。预计银行业基本面 25Q2 环比 25Q1 边际将有所 改善，主要是其他非息收入增长压力的缓解。现阶段关注两条投资主线：1、基于 保险预定利率下调布局高股息品种，建议关注：建设银行(601939，未评级)、工商 银行(601398，未评级)、招商银行(600036，未评级)； 2、基本面确定的中小行， 建议关注：兴业银行(601166，未评级)、中信银行(601998，未评级)、南京银行 (601009，买入)、江苏银行(600919，买入)、杭州银行(600926，买入)。 | 保险预定利率下调强化险资增配银行的红 | 2025-07-27 | | --- | --- | | 利逻辑 ...

Core Viewpoint - The global economy is currently facing multiple challenges, including slowing growth, financial market instability, and limitations of traditional economic policies. The role of money in the economy is being re-evaluated, emphasizing its importance as a tool for national economic policy [1]. Group 1: Books Overview - "The Nature of Money: New Theories of Prosperity, Crisis, and Capital" explores the critical role of money in economic prosperity and crises, constructing a comprehensive theoretical framework that reveals the complex relationship between money, economic growth, and financial stability [4][5]. - "Long-Term Crisis: Reshaping the Global Economy" argues for global solutions to global problems, emphasizing the need for enhanced and inclusive technological progress, new macroeconomic theories, and reforms in the global governance system to create a fairer international order [8][9]. - "The Mother of Money and the Anchor of Risk: Decoding the New Logic of Modern Fiscal-Financial Relations" highlights the importance of the coordination between fiscal and monetary policies, asserting that understanding their intrinsic connection is essential for sustainable development [13][14]. Group 2: Key Insights from Books - Sufficient money supply is crucial for a country to respond to financial crises and ensure national security, as demonstrated by the U.S. during various crises, where increased money supply significantly bolstered economic strength [6]. - The understanding of fiscal sustainability has evolved, recognizing the long-term rationality of government debt, especially in low-interest-rate environments, where the focus shifts from repayment to interest payments [14][15]. - Modern monetary theory posits that fiscal sustainability primarily considers real economic resource constraints, with inflation being a direct limiting factor, thus redefining the functions of fiscal deficits and debt beyond traditional fiscal attributes [15][16].