证券研究报告|专题报告 有色金属 行业评级 强大于市 2026年1月5日 供给有约束需求有韧性，铝价中枢或上移 ——铝行业专题报告 证券分析师： 王保庆 执业证书编号：S0210522090001 请务必阅读报告末页的重要声明 华福证券 华福证券 投资要点 2 华福证券 华福证券 Ø 供需：供给有约束，需求有韧性。供给端国内面临产能天花板强约束，海外供应受制于能源供应瓶颈，需求端传统板块趋稳 ，新兴领域强劲，储能、机器人及智能制造等新兴领域对铝材的需求快速扩张，电解铝供需紧平衡格局加剧； Ø 宏观：美联储降息预期仍在，宏观经济压制减轻。美联储9月正式开启降息周期，美国26年面临中期选举和美联储主席人事 更替，关注宽货币+宽财政组合可能； Ø 库存：全球电解铝库存处于历史同期低位。截至2025年12月31日，全球电解铝库存145万吨； Ø 总结：紧平衡格局延续，铝价中枢或上移。短期，供需面对铝价底部有支撑，降息预期下预计铝价偏强；中长期，国内天花 板+能源不足持续扰动，同时新能源需求仍保持旺盛，紧平衡或致铝价中枢上移。 Ø 个股：关注天山、宏创、云铝、神火、华通、宏桥及中孚等标的。 Ø 风险提示：美联储降息不及 ...

智通财经APP获悉，华创证券发布研报称，中国宏桥(01378)作为全球领先铝全产业链生产商，全产业链 配套及规模优势打造盈利护城河，铝土矿、电力、氧化铝高自给率保障公司吨铝成本优势。该行预计 25-27年公司实现归母净利润248.03亿元、258.1亿元、279.6亿元，分别同比+10.9%、4.1%、8.3%。2026 年行业可比公司平均估值为11倍，考虑公司高股息属性，给予公司2026年12倍市盈率，目标价为34.3港 元，维持"推荐"评级。 华创证券主要观点如下： 中国宏桥三季度业绩或超预期 中国宏桥全资子公司山东宏桥发布三季报，公司前三季度营业收入1169.3亿元，同比+6%;净利润193.7 亿元，同比+23%其中Q3营收387亿元，同比+2%，环比+2%，净利润69亿元，同比+18%，环比+14%。 该行认为Q3业绩增长主要来自电解铝盈利能力快速提升，根据钢联，Q3电解铝行业利润4724元/吨，环 比25Q2+14%，同比24Q3+84%，氧化铝行业利润346元/吨，环比25Q2+120%，同比24Q3-68%，若计入 印尼氧化铝项目及几内亚铝土矿业务利润贡献，中国宏桥Q3业绩明显超预期。 202 ...

Investment Rating - The report gives a "Buy" rating for the company, indicating a positive outlook for its future performance [3]. Core Views - The company is positioned as a rare growth-oriented electrolytic aluminum enterprise, with a focus on integrated production of alumina and electrolytic aluminum. It is expanding its capacity in Saudi Arabia, which is expected to be a significant growth driver [6][7]. - The company has a strong domestic production base with a total capacity of 788,000 tons of electrolytic aluminum and 3.2 million tons of alumina, with a self-sufficiency rate exceeding 100% for alumina [6][21]. - The report highlights the company's competitive advantage in energy costs due to its location in Inner Mongolia, where it has access to abundant coal resources and is transitioning to green energy sources [6][16]. Summary by Sections 1. Domestic Integrated Layout and Overseas Expansion - The company has established a comprehensive alumina and electrolytic aluminum production layout, with significant investments planned for a 500,000-ton aluminum project in Saudi Arabia [13][21]. - The company aims to enhance its green energy usage by developing wind and solar power projects in Inner Mongolia, which will further reduce energy costs [13][16]. 2. Financial Performance - The company's revenue is projected to grow from RMB 15.16 billion in 2024 to RMB 18.95 billion in 2027, with a notable increase in net profit from RMB 2.06 billion to RMB 4.73 billion during the same period [2]. - The report indicates a strong upward trend in overall performance, with a projected net profit growth rate of 104.9% in 2024 [23]. 3. Industry Overview - The report notes that the electrolytic aluminum market is characterized by a tight supply-demand balance, with limited new capacity expected to come online in the near term [43][48]. - The domestic aluminum industry is nearing its capacity ceiling, with a projected net increase of only 65,000 tons in 2025, indicating limited supply elasticity [48][51]. 4. Company-Specific Insights - The company is recognized as a unique growth-oriented player in the electrolytic aluminum sector, with a focus on expanding its production capacity both domestically and internationally [6][21]. - The report emphasizes the company's strategic advantage in energy costs and its robust production capabilities, which are expected to support its growth trajectory [6][16].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that the global supply and demand for electrolytic aluminum will remain balanced over the next three years, contingent on China's full production and the timely release of new overseas capacities, with any supply disruptions potentially leading to shortages and price increases [1][3] - As of September 2025, China's electrolytic aluminum operating capacity is projected to reach 44.45 million tons, with a capacity utilization rate of 101.2%, indicating a tight supply situation [1] - Global aluminum supply is expected to grow at rates of 2.4%, 2.0%, and 3.5% from 2026 to 2028, with total supply reaching 76.58 million tons, 78.10 million tons, and 80.81 million tons respectively [1] Group 2 - Aluminum consumption is expected to continue outperforming market expectations, driven by growth in specific applications and the material's lightweight properties penetrating new fields [2] - China's electrolytic aluminum consumption growth is projected at 1.5%, 2.2%, and 2.3% from 2026 to 2028, while overseas consumption is expected to grow at 3.2%, 3.0%, and 3.2% during the same period [2] - Global aluminum consumption is forecasted to reach 76.51 million tons, 78.45 million tons, and 80.49 million tons from 2026 to 2028, with year-on-year growth rates of 2.1%, 2.5%, and 2.6% [2] Group 3 - The supply-demand balance for aluminum is fragile, with profits expected to expand due to rigid supply conditions, and prices may accelerate upward if supply disruptions occur [3] - Profit forecasts for the aluminum industry are adjusted to 5,000, 5,500, and 6,000 yuan per ton for 2026 to 2028, corresponding to aluminum prices of 21,500, 22,000, and 22,500 yuan per ton [3] - The industry is entering a phase of weak supply, high profits, and low capital expenditure, with companies showing increased willingness to distribute dividends, making it a resilient sector during weak consumption cycles [3]

Report Information - Report Title: Alumina & Electrolytic Aluminum Q4 Report - Prices Approach Cost, Limited Decline for Alumina; Consumption May Be Overdrawn, Center of Electrolytic Aluminum Shifts Down [1] - Report Date: September 2025 [1] Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given content Core Views Alumina - In Q3, the alumina market was in a supply surplus. After a short - lived price increase due to market sentiment, prices dropped as the market returned to the surplus fundamentals. The supply is expected to remain ample in Q4, but prices are close to the cost line. If prices fall below the cost line, production cuts may occur, potentially leading to a rebound. Short - term strategy is to sell on rallies, while long - term investors can consider buying near the cost line [5]. Electrolytic Aluminum - In Q3, aluminum prices fluctuated between Fed rate - cut expectations and market fundamentals. Domestic production capacity is at a high level, but the growth in supply is limited. Demand is weakening, especially in the real estate sector. Although there is some support from the macro - environment, prices are expected to be volatile in the short - term and gradually decline in the long - term [6]. Summary by Directory 01 Viewpoint and Strategy Alumina - **Market Review**: In Q3, the alumina market was in surplus. After a price spike due to "anti - involution" sentiment, prices fell as the market reverted to surplus fundamentals [5]. - **Supply**: The supply outlook is bearish. Although Guinea's ore shipments decreased in Q3, Australia's increased, and port inventories continued to build up, supporting high alumina plant operating rates [5]. - **Demand**: Demand is expected to be range - bound. High electrolytic aluminum capacity utilization ensures a large demand for alumina, but the growth in demand is limited as electrolytic aluminum capacity nears the "capacity ceiling" [5]. - **Inventory**: Inventory is bearish. Profitable production led to strong output and continuous inventory accumulation. As of September 26, inventory was 4.505 million tons, up 13.82% year - on - year [5]. - **Outlook**: The outlook is slightly bullish. In Q4, as the rainy season in Guinea ends, ore supply will increase, and prices may decline slightly. If prices fall below the cost line, production cuts could narrow the surplus, and prices may rebound. Short - term strategy is to sell on rallies, and long - term investors can buy near the cost line [5]. Electrolytic Aluminum - **Market Review**: In Q3, aluminum prices oscillated between Fed rate - cut expectations and fundamentals, with strong resistance at the 20,800 level. After a short - lived rise in mid - September, prices fell back [6]. - **Supply**: Supply is bearish. Domestic production capacity is at a high level, but future supply growth is limited as capacity approaches the "ceiling" [6]. - **Demand**: Demand is bearish. Domestic demand is weak, especially in the real estate sector, and exports of major aluminum products remain sluggish [6]. - **Inventory**: Inventory is slightly bearish. With a lower proportion of molten aluminum, social inventory has been building up since July - September, reaching 614,000 tons as of September 26, a medium - level in the past six years [6]. - **Outlook**: The outlook is slightly bearish. Supply will continue to pressure prices, but there is a risk of power - rationing - induced production cuts in the southwest in Q4. Consumption, which was strong in the first half, shows signs of being overdrawn, and demand growth is expected to slow. The market expects loose monetary policy from the Fed, providing some macro - support. Prices will be volatile in the short - term and may decline in the long - term [6]. 02 Bauxite Supply Review and Outlook - **Domestic Bauxite**: In August, China's bauxite production was 5.87 million tons, up 4.82% year - on - year, at a medium level in the past four years. Output in Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, and Shanxi increased from July - August, with Henan reaching a two - year high [9]. - **Imports**: In August, imports decreased month - on - month due to the rainy season in Guinea but remained at the highest level in the past six years. From January - August, cumulative imports were 141.7563 million tons, up 31.63% year - on - year, with a narrowing growth rate [13]. - **Country - Specific Shipments**: From July - August, shipments from Australia to China increased, while those from Guinea decreased, falling to 4.607 million tons in August. As of September 19, port inventory was 28.76 million tons, at a medium - high level in the past six years [17]. 03 Alumina Fundamental Review and Outlook - **Profit and Production**: From July - August, production costs were stable at around 2,852 yuan/ton, and profit was about 400 yuan/ton in August, dropping to 270 yuan/ton in mid - September. Except for Shanxi, capacity utilization increased in other regions [22]. - **Output**: In July, global metallurgical alumina output was 12.952 million tons, up 0.91% year - on - year, reaching a six - year high. In August, China's output was 7.878 million tons, up 12.53% year - on - year, also a six - year high [28]. - **Net Exports**: From January - August, China maintained a net - export status. In July, net imports were - 103,500 tons, and in August, - 86,100 tons, at a very low level in the past six years [33]. - **Inventory**: Since June, inventory has been building up due to ample supply and strong production. As of September 26, inventory was 4.505 million tons, up 13.82% year - on - year [36]. - **Supply - Demand Balance**: Since May, the market has been in surplus. Although Guinea's shipments decreased in the rainy season, Australian imports compensated, leading to strong output. If prices fall below the cost line in Q4, production cuts may narrow the surplus [40]. 04 Electrolytic Aluminum Supply Review and Outlook - **Cost and Profit**: In August, although alumina prices fell, electrolytic aluminum production costs rose slightly to 16,111 yuan/ton, and profit decreased to 4,548 yuan/ton [42]. - **Output**: From July - August, global electrolytic aluminum output was 12.545 million tons, up 1.1% year - on - year, at a six - year high. China's output was 7.566 million tons, up 2.6% year - on - year, with August's output reaching a six - year high [45]. - **Imports**: From July - September, the Shanghai - London ratio declined, and in August, imports decreased month - on - month to 495,600 tons, up 16.9% year - on - year, at a relatively high level in the past six years [49]. - **Inventory**: From July - August, the proportion of molten aluminum was low, and social inventory has been building up since July - September, reaching 614,000 tons as of September 26, a medium - level in the past six years. SHFE and LME inventories also increased, weakening inventory support [52][56]. 05 Electrolytic Aluminum Downstream and Terminal Consumption Review and Outlook - **Downstream Industry**: - **Aluminum Profiles**: The real - estate slump continued to drag down the aluminum - profile industry. In July - August, the operating rate decreased to 42.27% in August and is expected to remain weak [62]. - **Aluminum Sheets and Strips**: From July - August, the operating rate first fell and then rebounded to 70.97% in August, lower than the end of last year [62]. - **Exports**: Trade barriers persisted, and aluminum - product exports showed no significant improvement. Aluminum - profile, sheet - strip, and foil exports decreased year - on - year, while aluminum - cable exports increased but accounted for a small proportion [66][71]. - **End - User Markets**: - **Real Estate**: The real - estate market remained weak. From January - August, new - construction area, construction area, and completion area all decreased year - on - year, with the decline in completion area accelerating [76][81]. - **Automobiles**: From January - August, China's automobile production was 21.026 million vehicles, up 12.64% year - on - year, with a slightly narrowing growth rate. The sales - to - production ratio was 1.0149 in August, indicating a healthy market [85]. - **New - Energy Vehicles**: From January - August, production was 9.6031 million vehicles, up 36.76% year - on - year, with a slightly narrowing growth rate. The sales - to - production ratio was 1.0029 in August [89]. - **Home Appliances**: In Q3, as government subsidies were exhausted, the growth rate of white - goods sales slowed down [94]. - **Photovoltaic**: From January - August, cumulative installed capacity was 1117.23GW, up 48.5% year - on - year, with a narrowing growth rate. Cumulative new - installed capacity was 230.61GW, up 64.73% year - on - year, also with a narrowing growth rate [99]. 06 Electrolytic Aluminum Supply - Demand Balance and Outlook - **Supply - Demand Balance**: In Q3, high production capacity utilization led to high output. With the inflow of Russian aluminum and weakening consumption, the market turned to a slight surplus. In Q4, there is a risk of power - rationing - induced production cuts in the southwest, and demand is expected to weaken further, leading to an increase in the surplus to about 129,000 tons [106].