Core Viewpoint - Investment requires a personal style that aligns with one's cognitive framework, operational discipline, and risk tolerance, enabling a coherent internal logic and belief system in the market [3][4]. Investment Style - Investment style is defined as the sum of cognitive frameworks, operational discipline, and risk thresholds exhibited during portfolio construction and security selection [4]. - Successful value investors often have diverse stock holdings, indicating that value investing is not a rigid doctrine but revolves around the "value and price difference" [5]. Self-Recognition - A mature investor must have a clear understanding of themselves, including knowledge reserves, risk tolerance, and personality traits, to define their capability circle [8]. - Many investors lose money due to a lack of self-awareness, leading to inconsistent strategies and decisions [8]. Shortcomings and Strengths - Recognizing one's shortcomings is crucial, as investment success is often determined by these weaknesses [9]. - Acknowledging and leveraging strengths can provide stability to one's investment style [10]. Consistency in Strategy - Once an investment style is established, it should not be frequently changed; consistency is key [12]. - Investors should select a coherent investment philosophy that aligns with market realities and their personality [13]. Adaptability and Long-Term Focus - The key to success lies in finding a compatible investment approach rather than pursuing theoretical "optimal solutions" [14]. - Investors should avoid trying to chase multiple conflicting investment strategies simultaneously, as this leads to confusion and poor outcomes [15]. Practical Investment Guidelines - Avoiding leverage is recommended, as it can amplify losses during market downturns [17]. - Diversification across several industries and companies is essential to mitigate risks [17]. - Investment decisions should be based on the level of certainty regarding a company's prospects [17]. Valuation and Market Behavior - Investors should focus on a company's intrinsic value rather than being swayed by market emotions [18]. - Long-term holding is emphasized as a result of understanding a company's value, rather than a goal in itself [18]. - A conservative approach to valuation is advised, allowing for a safety margin to cushion against unforeseen market events [19].