张维迎说：这25年是最好的学习过程，无论是你对人性的了 解、对社会的理解还是对命运的掌控，都是一个学习的过程。 作者：文钊 封图：受访者供图 编者按：2025年，经济观察报以"我们的四分之一世纪"为年终特刊主题，旨在通过数十位时代亲 历者的故事，共绘一幅属于这段岁月的集体记忆图谱。 f ( 关资与邮经论 在白国 66岁的张维迎不改乡音，操一口陕北味儿的普通话。他解释，原国家体改委的一位老领导曾经 说，在中国，干事不当官，当官不干事。成功不成功，看你从什么角度看。 从做事的角度，张维迎是成功的；从做官的角度，可能是不成功的。人的追求不一样——道理谁都 明白。问题是，道理明白，不同的人做事方式仍然不一样。 2003年是中国加入世贸组织的第三年。后来人们相信，中国正是在此时进入了新一轮经济周期的 上行阶段。一季度9.9%的经济增长率令人振奋，房价蠢蠢欲动。虽然"非典"疫情在二季度砸了一 个大坑，也没有改变整个经济上行的轨迹。这一年快要结束的时候，经济学家激辩的是：中国经济 是否过热。 引子 如果重新回到2003年，张维迎是否会一如当初，在被任命为校长助理后不久，分工协助人事工作 的第三天就提交一份人事制度改革的方案 ...

如果重新回到2003年，张维迎是否会一如当初，在被任命为校长助理后不久，分工协助人事工作的第三 天就提交一份人事制度改革的方案？如果他料到自己会被卷入一场巨大的争议，甚至被视为北大的"叛 徒"，预见到次年因此无缘北大的领导班子，他是否还会这样做？ 张维迎说，不能这样假设。如果都知道了当时会遇到什么情况，还说会这样做，那就是骗人。 这是2025年11月下旬的一天。与2003年相比，坐在我们面前的张维迎似乎没有太大的改变。他的身材保 持得不错，发型几乎和过去一样，花白的头发好似岁月的暗示。 此时，距离那场风波已经过去了22年。当我们试图跟张维迎争辩北大教改是不是一次失败的改革时，他 坚决地说："我要纠正，你可以说我失败了，改革没失败。" （原标题：论争中的张维迎：一个古典自由主义者的自白 | 我们的四分之一世纪） 引子 66岁的张维迎不改乡音，操一口陕北味儿的普通话。他解释，原国家体改委的一位老领导曾经说，在中 国，干事不当官，当官不干事。成功不成功，看你从什么角度看。 从做事的角度，张维迎是成功的；从做官的角度，可能是不成功的。人的追求不一样——道理谁都明 白。问题是，道理明白，不同的人做事方式仍然不一样。 一 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights that the upcoming meeting between the U.S. and China signifies a shift in power dynamics, with the U.S. acknowledging China's equal standing in global affairs [1][3][7] - The U.S. media reflects a realization that the era of unilateral pressure from the U.S. is over, as China has demonstrated its capability to counteract U.S. trade policies effectively [5][6] - The contrasting announcement timings of the meeting by the U.S. and China indicate differing negotiation mindsets, with the U.S. appearing eager and China remaining composed [5][6] Group 2 - The analysis points out that Trump's shift back to negotiation reflects the ineffectiveness of his previous hardline policies against China, underscoring China's growing strength [3][7] - The articles emphasize that the trade war initiated by Trump has ultimately validated China's rise, necessitating a more equal approach in U.S.-China relations [7] - China's position in the upcoming talks is clear: negotiations are welcome, but it will not yield to bullying, supported by its enhanced national strength and strategic resources [5][6]

Core Viewpoint - Kamala Harris criticizes the decision-making process regarding Joe Biden's potential re-election, deeming it reckless and overly reliant on personal ambition rather than a collective decision [1]. Group 1: Harris's Reflections on Biden's Decision - Harris expresses that the decision for Biden to run again should not have been made solely by him and Jill Biden, highlighting the high stakes involved [1]. - She questions whether the decision was made for the sake of appearances or out of recklessness, ultimately leaning towards the latter [1]. - Harris emphasizes that such choices should transcend personal ego and ambition, advocating for a more holistic approach to decision-making [1]. Group 2: Harris's Loyalty and Critique - After losing the Democratic nomination in 2020, Harris was selected as Biden's running mate, becoming the first female Vice President in U.S. history [3]. - She reflects on her past criticisms of Biden during the 2019 debates, noting that she felt compelled to repeatedly prove her loyalty to him afterward [3]. - Harris contemplates whether she should have encouraged Biden to step aside, acknowledging the potential perception of her suggestion as disloyalty [3]. Group 3: Evaluation of Biden's Capabilities - Despite questioning Biden's decision to run again, Harris defends his intelligence and capability to fulfill presidential duties, asserting that his knowledge and empathy surpass those of Donald Trump [3]. - She acknowledges that Biden's age has become a concern, noting signs of fatigue and errors in his physical and verbal expressions [3]. - Concerns regarding Biden's age and suitability for office have been prevalent since the 2020 campaign, peaking after poor debate performances against Trump [3]. Group 4: Internal Conflicts within the Biden Administration - Harris describes conflicts with Biden's team, indicating that they often undermined her, particularly when she faced Republican attacks [4]. - She points out that the White House did not adequately defend her against claims of being a "diversity hire" [4]. - Harris also mentions a lack of support from the administration when addressing issues related to Central American immigration [4]. Group 5: Zero-Sum Mentality in Biden's Team - Harris believes that Biden's core team fears her success could overshadow Biden, reflecting a zero-sum mentality where her achievements are seen as a threat to his image [5]. - She argues that her success should be viewed as a shared victory rather than a competition for attention [5].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the pressure from Washington on the EU to impose a 100% tariff on China and India for purchasing Russian oil, highlighting the EU's conflicting stance towards China and the complexities in its foreign policy [1][2]. Group 1: EU's Contradictory Mindset - The EU's contradictory mindset is evident in three areas: cognitive, economic, and geopolitical, reflecting a zero-sum game mentality among some EU members [2]. - The EU's leadership expresses a desire to resolve trade tensions through negotiation, yet simultaneously applies unilateral pressure on China while ignoring China's cooperation proposals [2]. - The EU's reliance on the U.S. for strategic direction complicates its position on the Russia-Ukraine conflict, leading to increased sanctions on Russia and blame-shifting towards China [2]. Group 2: Implications of EU's Approach - Prioritizing U.S. interests over its own may undermine the EU's diplomatic independence and credibility, particularly in the context of the Ukraine crisis [3]. - The EU's internal divisions and lack of clear representation in its China policy reflect a disconnect from public sentiment, with citizens favoring a partnership approach rather than confrontation [3][4]. - Engaging in dialogue and cooperation with China is deemed essential for the EU's security and competitiveness, especially in emerging fields like AI and green development [4]. Group 3: Historical Context and Future Direction - The article emphasizes the lessons from World War II, suggesting that appeasement does not lead to peace or respect, urging the EU to resolve its internal conflicts and return to a comprehensive strategic partnership with China [4].

Group 1 - The FBI has opened a new office in Wellington, New Zealand, aimed at enhancing the capability of the US and New Zealand to counter China's presence in the Pacific region [1][3] - New Zealand's Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Peters denied that discussions between the two countries included any mention of China, emphasizing a focus on improving law and order in the Pacific [3][5] - Peters highlighted the importance of the new office in combating crime, drug trafficking, and substance abuse in the Pacific region, framing it as a positive development [5] Group 2 - The Chinese Embassy in New Zealand criticized the US narrative, asserting that transnational crime is a common challenge that requires cooperation among all nations, and opposing any targeting of third parties [5][6] - The Chinese government has expressed concerns over the US's zero-sum game mentality and its attempts to portray China as a threat, advocating for mutual respect and cooperation instead [6]

Core Viewpoint - Indian Prime Minister Modi's recent visit to the Maldives marks a significant shift in the Maldives' foreign relations, moving towards India and away from China, amidst economic pressures and a need for financial support [1][2][3] Group 1: Bilateral Relations - Modi's visit is aimed at repairing and strengthening bilateral relations, focusing on trade, defense, and infrastructure cooperation [1] - India announced a credit line of $565 million to bolster the Maldives' defense capabilities and infrastructure development [1] - The annual repayment amount for the previous credit line was reduced from $51 million to $29 million, indicating a more favorable financial arrangement for the Maldives [1] Group 2: Strategic Implications - Modi's participation in the Maldives' Independence Day celebrations is seen as a strategic move to counter China's influence in the region [2] - The Maldives' President Muiz has shifted from a pro-China stance to recognizing India as a "trustworthy friend," highlighting a dramatic change in foreign policy [2] - The economic challenges faced by the Maldives, including a significant budget deficit and dwindling foreign reserves, have made Indian support crucial for the stability of Muiz's government [3] Group 3: Geopolitical Context - The shift in the Maldives' foreign policy is interpreted by some analysts as a response to geopolitical pressures rather than a straightforward alignment with India against China [3] - The Maldives is pursuing a diversified foreign policy, maintaining relations with both India and China, which aligns with its national interests [3]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is that the recent China-U.S. economic and trade consultation in London marks a significant step towards stabilizing bilateral relations and enhancing global economic recovery [1][2][3] - The meeting was guided by the strategic consensus of the two leaders, establishing a predictable and rule-based dialogue platform for addressing complex economic issues [1][2] - The constructive attitude of China in promoting consultations and the recognition of mutual benefits in the economic relationship are emphasized, highlighting the importance of cooperation over conflict [2][3] Group 2 - The meeting in London has injected optimism into international markets, showcasing a pragmatic approach and initial results that should be cherished by both parties [3] - The essence of the China-U.S. economic relationship is mutual benefit, with significant American investment in China, totaling over $1.2 trillion across various sectors, indicating a strong interdependence [2] - The expectation is set for both sides to translate the leaders' consensus into concrete actions, moving towards a more mature phase of economic relations that transcends political interference [3]