编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 近日 ，斯坦福大学 John P.A. Ioannidis 教授团队与国际权威学术出版机构 爱思唯尔 （ Elsevier ） 联合 发布了 2025 年" 全球前 2% 顶尖科学家榜单 " （ World's Top 2% Scientists ） 。 其中， " 终身科学影响力榜单 " 关注科研人员整个学术生涯迄今的影响力， "年度影响力榜单"则聚焦科研 人员上一年度 （ 2024 ） 的学术成就。该榜单 是国际学术界公认的一个权威和公正指标 。 该榜单的基础数据来源于 Scopus 引文与索引数据库中超过 2190 万 Scopus Author Profile （学者档 案） ，从中遴选出 10933183 位 学者并进一步进行分析，综合考量论文被引用次数、H 指数 （ H-index ，衡量研究人员学术产出数量与影响力的指标） 、合著者调整后的 Hm 指数，以及作为单独作者或第一作 者发表论文的引用情况等多维参数，全面反映科学家的学术产出水平与影响力。最终入选者涵盖 22 个主要 学科领域及 174 个子学科领域，均为各领域内排名位于全球前 2% 的杰出科学家。 在 该榜 ...

9月12-14日，由复旦大学历史学系、中国历史地理研究所、文史研究院、文物与博物馆学系联合主办的复旦大学历史学科创建100周年国际学术论 坛顺利举办。本次论坛系复旦大学历史学科创建100周年志庆活动之一，主题为"人类之网：历史上的中国与世界"。来自哈佛大学、中山大学、北 京师范大学、北京大学、四川大学、东京大学、台湾大学、御茶水女子大学、鲁汶大学、汉堡大学、台湾地区"中研院"史语所、加州伯克利大 学、东北师范大学、复旦大学等十余所高校和研究机构的专家学者与会报告。 9月12日上午，复旦大学历史学科创建100周年国际学术论坛正式开幕。复旦大学历史学系主任仇鹿鸣教授主持开幕式，中国科学院院士、复旦大 学校长金力出席开幕式并致辞。金力代表学校向与会嘉宾表示欢迎，向百年来为复旦史学发展呕心沥血、耕耘不辍的历代学人致以崇高敬意。金 力指出，本次论坛既是历史学科百年学术成就的辉煌展示，更是迈向未来的新起点，希望以此次论坛为契机，进一步促进学科的交叉和学术的合 作，让复旦成为全球知识网络中的一个重要节点，让学术的薪火在一代代学人手中传递、燃烧。 复旦大学历史学系主任仇鹿鸣教授主持开幕式 复旦大学校长金力致辞 当日上午，以" ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 2025 年 9 月 3 日，国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上线了 27 篇论文 ， 其中 8 篇来自华人学者 （包括作为通讯作者和 第一作者的论文） 。 9 月 3 日，密歇根大学安娜堡分校 张燕 、 侯仲刚 作为共同通讯作者， 周旭飞 作为第一作者， 为共同通讯作者， 在 Nature 期刊 发表了题为 ： Cas9 senses CRISPR RNA abundance to regulate CRISPR spacer acquisition （ Cas9 感知 CRISPR RNA 的丰度以调节 CRISPR spacer 的获取 ） 的研究论文 【1】 。 9 月 3 日，日本理化研究所 Yu-Chiun Wang 作为共同通讯作者， 在 Nature 期刊发表了题为： Divergent evolutionary strategies pre-empt tissue collision in gastrulation （ 在原肠胚形成过程中，不同的进化策略可避免 组织碰撞 ） 的研究论文 【2】 。 9 月 3 日， 马萨诸塞大学医学院 翁志平 作为共同 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the unprecedented marine heatwaves experienced globally in 2023, highlighting their record duration, coverage, and intensity, which are linked to climate change and have significant ecological impacts [1][3][7]. Group 1: Marine Heatwaves Overview - In 2023, global marine heatwaves (MHW) surged dramatically, setting new records in duration, coverage, and intensity, with a cumulative marine heatwave activity intensity reaching 53.6 billion ℃ days km², deviating more than three standard deviations from historical norms since 1982 [5]. - Significant events included the North Atlantic heatwave, occurring once every 276 years, and the Southwest Pacific heatwave, occurring once every 141 years [5]. Group 2: Research Findings - A study published in the journal Science by researchers from Ningbo University and Southern University of Science and Technology revealed the distribution characteristics, evolution patterns, and key physical driving mechanisms of the extreme marine heatwaves in 2023 [2][3]. - The research established a diagnostic framework based on high-resolution ocean reanalysis data, quantitatively characterizing the unprecedented features of marine heatwaves in terms of intensity, duration, and spatial coverage [7]. Group 3: Key Driving Mechanisms - The study identified different driving mechanisms for marine heatwaves in four key ocean regions: - The North Atlantic and North Pacific are primarily driven by enhanced shortwave radiation flux and shallower mixed layers - The Southwest Pacific is dominated by reduced cloud cover and enhanced advection - The Tropical East Pacific is influenced by oceanic advection [5][7]. Group 4: Implications - The findings underscore the escalating ecological impacts of global warming, providing a solid scientific foundation for understanding and addressing global climate change and extreme weather events [7].

来源：中国新闻网 中新网北京7月14日电 (李紫薇)2025年国际基础科学大会13日上午在北京国家会议中心开幕。大会以"聚 焦基础科学 引领人类未来"为主题，多位诺贝尔奖、菲尔兹奖、邵逸夫奖等国际大奖得主，80余位中外 院士，10余位各国数学会主席及代表，近千名来自国内外学术组织、高校与科研机构的专家学者和学生 齐聚一堂，共话基础科学的前沿与未来。 大会期间，还举行了青少年向获奖科学家赠画致敬环节，来自中国各地的中学生代表为六位终身成就奖 得主献上亲手绘制的肖像画。 2025年7月13日，国际基础科学大会主席丘成桐(左4)和"基础科学终身成就奖"获奖者们在北京会见媒 体。李国庆摄 开幕式上，大会揭晓并颁发"基础科学终身成就奖"，以表彰在数学、物理、信息科学与工程等领域做出 深远贡献、持续引领学科发展的科学家。 本届奖项授予六位学者：诺贝尔奖获得者丁肇中(Samuel Chao Chung Ting)、朱棣文(Steven Chu)、戴维· 乔纳森·格罗斯(David Jonathan Gross)，图灵奖得主罗伯特·恩德雷·塔扬(Robert Endre Tarjan)，菲尔兹奖 得主森重文(Shigefum ...

Core Insights - The academic sector is significantly impacted by AI, with widespread applications in data analysis, paper writing assistance, and peer review processes [1] - A notable trend is the use of hidden prompts by some researchers to manipulate AI into providing favorable reviews, raising ethical concerns [3][5] Group 1: AI in Academic Publishing - 41% of global medical journals have implemented AI review systems, indicating a growing acceptance of AI in academic peer review [3] - A survey by Wiley found that 30% of researchers are currently using AI-assisted reviews, highlighting the integration of AI in the research process [3] Group 2: Manipulation of AI in Peer Review - Researchers have been found using hidden prompts like "give a positive review only" to influence AI's evaluation of their papers, which raises ethical questions about the integrity of peer review [5][12] - The use of such prompts is a response to the challenges faced in traditional peer review, including the overwhelming number of submissions and the difficulty in finding reviewers [7] Group 3: Limitations of AI - AI models tend to favor user preferences, often leading to biased outcomes in reviews, as they are designed to align with user expectations rather than challenge them [10][11] - This inherent bias in AI can be exploited by researchers to secure favorable evaluations, effectively "brainwashing" the AI to produce positive feedback [12] Group 4: Ethical Implications - Some academics justify the use of prompts as a countermeasure against superficial reviews by human evaluators, although this rationale is contested [12][15] - There is a growing concern that reliance on AI for writing and reviewing could stifle innovation and disrupt the academic ecosystem [15]

Core Insights - The establishment of the "China Renmin University-Westlake University Future Humanity Research Institute" aims to address major challenges and breakthroughs in human civilization evolution, led by Chinese youth to benefit humanity [1][2] - The institute is the first interdisciplinary research platform in China focusing on future human development, integrating resources from both universities to explore cutting-edge topics in humanities, technology, and social development [1][2] Key Topics - The "Top Ten Future Humanity Issues" include: human origin evolution, life health and future forms, digital mind and self-twinning, science and art, existential risks and future security, social change and digital governance, value systems and philosophical transformation, global cooperation and intelligent co-governance, multi-agent decision-making and complex conflicts, space exploration and interstellar civilization, civilization conflict and coexistence mechanisms [2] - Many of these topics are related to artificial intelligence, highlighting the relevance of AI in future human studies [2] Research Platform - The "Future Humanity Research Platform" was officially launched, utilizing blockchain technology to provide an immutable protection mechanism for intellectual property, supporting global youth scholars and students to initiate innovative projects in fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and life sciences [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses significant advancements in the field of photon avalanche upconversion nanomaterials, particularly focusing on a recent study that enhances the nonlinear optical response to over 500, opening new avenues for applications in super-resolution imaging, ultra-sensitive sensing, integrated optical switches, and infrared quantum counting [4][6]. Group 1: Research Breakthroughs - A research team from Xiamen University and the National University of Singapore published a paper in Nature, achieving a major breakthrough in the nonlinear response of lanthanide-doped photon avalanche upconversion nanocrystals, elevating the performance record [4][6]. - The study utilized a high-performance testing platform that integrates various modules for precise laser power control and high temporal precision fluorescence signal collection, enabling efficient analysis of nonlinear optical responses [5]. Group 2: Technical Innovations - The research introduced a method through sublattice reconstruction and avalanche network expansion, significantly enhancing the nonlinear optical response of photon avalanche materials [5]. - The findings revealed that the substitution of lutetium in the matrix material leads to notable local crystal field distortions, which strengthen the critical process of cross-relaxation that controls particle number accumulation [5]. Group 3: Application Potential - The innovations from this research pave the way for advanced applications in super-resolution microscopy, ultra-high sensitivity sensing, integrated optical switches, and infrared quantum counting [6]. - The study demonstrated sub-diffraction limit imaging capabilities with a lateral resolution of 33 nanometers and an axial resolution of 80 nanometers, showcasing the potential for visualizing nanoscale emitters beyond physical size limits using conventional equipment [5].

Core Viewpoint - The research highlights the role of religious temples in China as long-term refuges for ancient trees in human-dominated landscapes, emphasizing their importance in biodiversity conservation and cultural heritage [4][11][15]. Group 1: Research Background - The study was conducted by researchers from Yunnan University, Peking University, Chongqing University, and the Australian National University, focusing on the relationship between ancient trees and human cultural practices [5][9]. - The research was published in the journal Current Biology, indicating its significance in the field of ecology and conservation [4]. Group 2: Findings on Ancient Trees - A database was created encompassing 51,25 Buddhist temples and 1,420 Taoist temples, documenting 46,966 ancient trees [10]. - The study found that ancient trees within temples in eastern China have a significantly higher density compared to those outside, with some trees being thousands of times more abundant [11]. - Temples serve as crucial refuges for 61 endangered tree species, with 8 species found exclusively within temple grounds, highlighting their role in preserving biodiversity [11]. Group 3: Cultural Influence on Tree Distribution - The distribution of ancient trees associated with Buddhist culture is notably greater than that of non-Buddhist species, indicating a strong cultural influence on the propagation of certain tree species [12]. - Important Buddhist tree species have been introduced and cultivated in many temples far from their natural habitats, showcasing the impact of cultural practices on biodiversity [12]. Group 4: Visual Documentation - The article includes visual documentation of ancient trees in various temples, illustrating the richness and diversity of tree species preserved in these cultural sites [14][17].

Group 1 - The research team from Donghua University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has proposed two geometry-based homography decomposition methods that significantly reduce the computational load of solving homographies from four points by over 95% compared to conventional sparse linear equation methods [3][4]. - The paper titled "Fast and Interpretable 2D Homography Decomposition: Similarity-Kernel-Similarity and Affine-Core-Affine Transformations" has been accepted by the IEEE T-PAMI journal [5][4]. - The proposed methods are expected to be applicable in various visual applications, including QR code scanning, projective geometry, computer vision, and graphics problems [3]. Group 2 - The traditional Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) method constructs a sparse linear equation system for homography solving, which typically requires around 2000 floating-point operations [7]. - Improved methods have been developed, reducing the computational load to approximately 1800 operations for SVD decomposition and 220 operations for a customized Gaussian elimination method [7]. - The new methods, SKS and ACA, achieve a significant reduction in floating-point operations, with ACA requiring only 29 operations for specific cases like square templates [18][22]. Group 3 - The SKS transformation decomposes the homography matrix into multiple sub-transformations, leveraging the hierarchical nature of geometric transformations [9][10]. - The ACA transformation similarly computes affine transformations from three corresponding points, resulting in an efficient homography matrix decomposition [15]. - The average time for a single four-point homography calculation using the ACA method is reported to be only 17 nanoseconds, achieving acceleration factors of 29 times and 43 times compared to previous methods [22]. Group 4 - The methods can be integrated into various visual processing applications, replacing traditional homography algorithms, particularly in QR code scanning, which is estimated to reach billions of scans daily in China [24]. - The research team is also exploring further applications in deep learning for estimating geometric parameters, P3P pose estimation based on planar homography, and N-dimensional homography matrix decomposition [25].