Group 1 - The article highlights seven research papers published in the prestigious journal Cell during the week of September 1 to September 7, 2025, with four of them authored by Chinese scholars [3] - The first study discusses a newly discovered gene SCREP that drives the diversification of rose scent, revealing a multi-step process of its origin and its role in inhibiting the synthesis of the key aromatic compound eugenol [5][8] - The second study presents a breakthrough in the reprogramming of microspore fate, establishing a new technique for efficient in vivo haploid induction without stress treatment, highlighting the roles of the transcription factors BBM and BAR1 [10][12][13] Group 2 - The third study uncovers how cancer cells hijack iron-rich macrophages to promote bone metastasis and anemia, providing insights into potential therapies to mitigate these conditions [15][18] - The fourth study introduces a high-throughput, high-precision single-cell DNA and RNA multi-omics technology called wellDR-seq, which decodes the mechanisms of breast cancer progression by integrating single-cell genomes and transcriptomes [20][23]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses various methods for weight loss, including low-carb diets, intermittent fasting, weight loss surgeries, and medications like semaglutide, highlighting the increasing interest in these approaches for achieving weight loss goals [6]. Research Findings - Recent studies indicate that reducing food intake can positively impact health and aging in both animal models and humans. A new study published in the journal "Science" suggests that the sensation of hunger alone can slow aging, opening new avenues in the field of anti-aging [7][8]. - A study from the University of Michigan published in May 2023 found that inducing a state of hunger in fruit flies, either through dietary restriction or brain stimulation, resulted in increased lifespan. This suggests that hunger triggers epigenetic changes in the brain that regulate gene expression, influencing eating behavior and aging processes [7][8]. - The research distinguishes the effects of dietary restriction from nutritional interventions, indicating that the mere perception of hunger can lead to longevity benefits [8]. Mechanisms of Hunger and Longevity - Further investigations revealed that changes in neuronal activity related to foraging might be key to extending lifespan. For instance, a low branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) diet induced hunger in fruit flies, leading to increased food intake but also significantly extending their lifespan [11]. - The study employed optogenetics to activate neurons controlling hunger, confirming that inducing hunger sensations, regardless of food intake, can enhance lifespan. The findings suggest that epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in this process, with hunger perception enhancing foraging behavior and potentially lowering the threshold for hunger over time, contributing to aging delay [13].

Core Findings - Inner Mongolia University announced significant research findings published in major journals (CNS) regarding unique metabolic changes in maternal liver during pregnancy and lactation [1][3] - The study demonstrated that despite genetic differences, both mice and sheep exhibited highly consistent metabolic adaptation patterns in the liver during pregnancy and lactation, indicating a universal mechanism among mammals [1] Industry Implications - The research places liver function within the broader context of reproductive system studies, providing a new model for exploring organ adaptability and plasticity [3] - It suggests that metabolic imbalances during pregnancy, restricted fetal development, or insufficient postpartum milk supply may be linked to inadequate liver regulation, offering new directions for disease prevention and treatment [3] - In the livestock industry, this research promotes a shift from traditional breeding practices to precise molecular and metabolic regulation, establishing a scientific foundation for "molecular animal husbandry" and marking a new era of precision development in grassland livestock [3] - In the dairy and nutrition sectors, regulating key metabolic factors could improve the nutritional structure of milk, enhance its health value, and help reduce production costs in animal husbandry [3]

Core Viewpoint - The current pathogen surveillance system primarily focuses on livestock and companion animals, neglecting non-traditional livestock and wild mammals, which poses a risk for cross-species transmission of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes [2][3]. Group 1: Research Findings - A study published in the journal Cell identified a significant number of unrecorded viruses and bacteria in asymptomatic mammals, revealing extensive cross-species transmission [3][4]. - The research analyzed samples from 973 asymptomatic mammals, identifying 128 virus species (30 of which are newly discovered), 10,255 bacterial species (over 7,000 previously uncharacterized), 201 fungi, and 7 parasites [4][6]. - The study found that 13.3% of virus species coexisted in both farmed and wild mammals, including canine coronavirus in Asian black bears and Getah virus in rabbits [4][6]. Group 2: Antibiotic Resistance Insights - The research team observed 157 clinically significant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the microbiomes of farmed and wild mammals, with over 99% homology to ARGs found in human microbiomes [4][6]. - The presence of mobile genetic elements (MGE) alongside ARGs suggests a potential reservoir of antibiotic resistance in animal microbiomes, which could accelerate cross-species transmission due to antibiotic misuse [6][7]. Group 3: Implications for Public Health - The findings indicate that asymptomatic animals may serve as potential hosts for novel zoonotic viruses, highlighting the need for systematic monitoring of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes at the "animal-environment-human" interface [6][7].

Core Insights - The article discusses the significant advancements in the understanding of migrasomes, a newly discovered organelle, over the past decade, highlighting their biological roles and implications in various diseases [2][3]. Summary by Sections Discovery and Characteristics of Migrasomes - In 2015, a team led by Professor Yu Li at Tsinghua University identified migrasomes in NRK cells, which are large membrane-bound structures resembling open pomegranates, crucial for cell migration [5]. - Migrasomes contain numerous internal vesicles and are rich in specific proteins, indicating their complex structure and dual role as both secretion hubs and extracellular vesicles [5][6]. Mechanisms of Biogenesis - The biogenesis of migrasomes occurs in three stages: nucleation triggered by SMS2 spots, maturation coordinated by the PIP5K1α-Rab35-integrin signaling axis, and expansion facilitated by the formation of a specialized microdomain [13]. Physiological Functions - Migrasomes participate in various physiological processes, including local secretion of signaling molecules, targeted protein and RNA transfer between adjacent cells, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis under stress [18]. Challenges in Research - Current methods for detecting and analyzing migrasomes are limited, necessitating advancements in microscopy and the development of reliable animal models for accurate labeling [19][20]. - Fundamental questions regarding the cellular origin, abundance, distribution, and dynamics of migrasomes remain unanswered, indicating a need for collaborative research efforts [21]. Implications in Disease - Migrasomes are believed to play significant roles in various diseases, particularly in immune-related conditions, suggesting potential avenues for further research [24]. - The therapeutic potential of migrasomes is highlighted, as they could serve as diagnostic tools or delivery vehicles for treatments, marking a transformative shift in the field [24].

Core Viewpoint - The study reveals that the oligomerization of Shank3 regulates the material properties of postsynaptic density (PSD) condensates, which are crucial for synaptic plasticity and neuronal functions related to learning and memory [3][5][7]. Summary by Sections - The research team from Southern University of Science and Technology published findings indicating that PSD condensates exhibit soft-glass-like properties, with Shank3 protein oligomerization playing a key role in governing these material characteristics [3][5]. - The study found that the reconstructed PSD condensates formed a soft-glass material without signs of irreversible amyloid-like structures. This glass-like formation relies on specific, multivalent interactions among scaffold proteins, which mediate the network flow of PSD proteins [4]. - Disruption of Shank3's SAM domain-mediated oligomerization, observed in patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome, leads to a softening of PSD condensates, impairing synaptic transmission and plasticity, and resulting in autism-like behaviors in mice [4][5]. - Overall, the research emphasizes the importance of the material properties of PSD condensates in neuronal synaptic functions related to learning and memory [7].

Core Viewpoint - The research reveals that aggresomes, a type of non-membrane organelle in Escherichia coli, play a crucial role in protecting mRNA integrity under stress, thereby enhancing bacterial survival and recovery efficiency in adverse conditions [4][7][9]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study published in Nature Microbiology demonstrates that aggresomes selectively protect mRNA through electrostatic repulsion mechanisms, which is vital for the survival of persister cells under stress [4][8]. - Long-term stress leads to ATP depletion, resulting in increased formation and accumulation of aggresomes, along with specific mRNA enrichment within these structures [8]. - The research indicates that mRNA stored in aggresomes facilitates rapid reactivation of translation, contributing to a reduction in lag phase during bacterial growth after stress removal [8][9]. Group 2: Implications - Understanding the role of aggresomes in mRNA protection provides insights into bacterial resistance mechanisms, potentially guiding the development of novel antibacterial strategies targeting persister cells [4][7]. - The findings highlight the significance of non-membrane organelles in bacterial stress responses, which could influence future research in microbiology and antibiotic resistance [4][9].

Core Viewpoint - The research published by Tsinghua University's team reveals a unique "hypertranscription state" in early embryos, highlighting the interplay between chromatin architecture and transcriptional activity, indicating a highly coordinated interaction between chromatin structure and transcription processes [2][5]. Group 1: Chromatin Structure and Dynamics - The study identifies that the conventional chromatin organization, including Topologically Associating Domains (TADs), disassembles after fertilization, followed by a slow re-establishment of three-dimensional chromatin structure during zygotic genome activation [2]. - CTCF, a highly conserved DNA-binding protein, plays a crucial role in regulating chromatin higher-order structures and is continuously present in chromatin during early mouse development, while cohesin's binding ability is weak during the single-cell embryo stage [4]. Group 2: Gene Activation and Cohesin Islands - The research found that genes associated with Genic Cohesin Islands (GCIs) are enriched in cell identity and regulatory genes, showing extensive H3K4me3 modifications in their promoter regions, indicating active transcription [5]. - There is a significant transcriptional activity from the two-cell to the eight-cell stage, which is essential for GCI formation, and induced transcription can directly generate GCIs [5]. Group 3: Interaction Between Chromatin and Transcription - GCIs serve as insulating boundaries that form contact domains with adjacent CTCF sites, enhancing both the transcription levels and stability of GCI-related genes [5]. - The findings emphasize the dynamic remodeling of three-dimensional genome structures and their reciprocal regulation by transcriptional activity, underscoring the close relationship between chromatin conformation and transcription processes in early embryos [5].

Core Viewpoint - The research highlights the evolutionary adaptation mechanisms in skin that support terrestrial locomotion, particularly focusing on the role of the SLURP1 gene in preventing palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) [2][3]. Group 1: Evolutionary Mechanisms - The transition from aquatic to terrestrial life required vertebrates to overcome significant physiological and biomechanical challenges, with skin structure being crucial for this adaptation [2]. - The study published in Cell reveals a mechano-resistance mechanism in skin that adapts to the mechanical stresses of land locomotion [2][5]. Group 2: SLURP1 Gene and PPK - The SLURP1 gene is specifically expressed in the skin of the palms and soles of four-legged animals, and mutations in this gene in humans lead to PPK, characterized by excessive thickening and cracking of the skin [3][6]. - In SLURP1 knockout mice, reducing mechanical stress on the paw skin completely reverses the PPK phenotype, indicating the gene's critical role in skin health [3][6]. Group 3: Mechanistic Insights - SLURP1 protein is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and interacts with the calcium pump SERCA2b, maintaining calcium levels under mechanical stress [3][6]. - By regulating the activity of SERCA2b, SLURP1 prevents the activation of the pPERK-NRF2 signaling pathway, which is associated with PPK, thus maintaining epidermal homeostasis [3][6].

Core Viewpoint - The recent research published in PNAS by a team from Westlake University reveals the structural basis of auxin binding and transport by the AUX1 protein in Arabidopsis thaliana, which is crucial for understanding plant growth and development [2][5]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study elucidates the cryo-electron microscopy structures of AUX1 in both IAA-unbound and IAA-bound states, highlighting the significant conformational changes that occur upon IAA binding [3][5]. - AUX1 exists as a monomer and comprises 11 transmembrane helices, with TM1 to TM5 and TM6 to TM10 forming two halves of the classic LeuT fold, while TM11 interacts at the junction of these halves [5]. - The central pocket formed by TM1, TM3, TM6, and TM8 specifically recognizes IAA, and the conformational changes in TM1 and TM6 are critical for the transport of IAA [5]. Group 2: Implications and Future Research - The findings provide a molecular basis for AUX1-mediated IAA binding and transport, laying the groundwork for future structural-based functional studies of the AUX1/LAX family and the application of auxin analogs in agriculture [5]. - Following the PNAS publication, a related study from institutions in France, Denmark, and Germany was published in Nature Plants, which also analyzed the structures and mechanisms of AUX/LAX transporters involved in auxin import [6].