低空经济，是以各种有人驾驶和无人驾驶航空器的各类低空飞行活动为牵引，辐射带动相关领域融合发展的综合性经济形态。2021年2月，中共中央、 国务 院在 《国家综合立体交通网规划纲要》 中首次提出发展低空经济2023年12月，中央经济工作会议将低空经济明确为国家战略性新兴产业2024 年3月，《政 府工作报告》 首次写入低空经济2024年7月，党的二十届三中全会通过的决定中首次写入 "低空经济" 本文参考孙嘉俊等（2025）在《"赋能" 抑或 "负能"：企业ESG表现与低空经济企业孵化》一文中关于低空经济概念上市企业名单的整理方法，筛选并整理 了截至2025年12月低空概念上市企业名单，匹配形成上市公司"低空经济"概念数据 数据名称：上市公司"低空经济"概念数据 数据范围：A股上市公司 时间范围：2000-2024年 样本数量：68852条 数据来源：东方财富网、同花顺网 数据说明：低空概念名单整理时间为2025年12月 二、数据指标 | 年份 | 股票代码 | 股票简称 | | --- | --- | --- | | 中文全称 | 行业名称 | 行业代码 | | 首份 | 城市 | 区首 | | 省份代码 | ...

Core Viewpoint - The issuance of sovereign bonds denominated in RMB by Russia marks a significant step in the internationalization of the Chinese currency, driven by market logic and global trade dynamics rather than geopolitical rivalry [1][2][3] Group 1: RMB Internationalization - Russia will issue its first sovereign bonds in RMB on December 8, with subscription starting on December 2, highlighting the growing acceptance of RMB in global markets [1] - The total amount of RMB assets in global foreign exchange reserves is approximately $247 billion, with over 80 countries incorporating RMB into their reserves [2] - The share of RMB in global trade financing reached 8.5% in October, making it the second most used currency in this sector [2] Group 2: Economic Considerations - The increasing preference for RMB is driven by economic factors, particularly the use of financial sanctions by the U.S., which has made RMB assets attractive due to their relative stability and lower volatility [3] - Investors are motivated to allocate RMB assets not out of ideological alignment but to optimize portfolios, diversify risks, and preserve value [3] Group 3: Global Monetary System - The global monetary system is undergoing structural changes, transitioning from a dollar-dominated framework to a multi-centered system, with RMB's rise supported by China's economic resilience and market appeal [3] - The international status of a currency is built on long-term economic strength, institutional trust, and market acceptance, rather than self-proclamation [3] Group 4: China's Approach - China maintains a cautious and steady approach to RMB internationalization, emphasizing market-driven and voluntary participation rather than seeking currency hegemony [4] - The preference for RMB is seen as a rational choice rather than a confrontational stance, indicating a need for more options in the global financial landscape [4]

Group 1: Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) - In November, the manufacturing PMI rose to 49.2%, indicating a slight improvement in economic conditions [2] - Both production index and new orders index improved, reaching 50.0% and 49.2% respectively, with production index crossing the critical point [2] - Small enterprises showed significant recovery with PMI at 49.1%, marking a 2.0 percentage point increase, the highest in six months [2][3] Group 2: Non-Manufacturing Business Activity Index - The non-manufacturing business activity index decreased to 49.5%, down 0.6 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a decline in non-manufacturing economic conditions [4] - The service industry index fell to 49.5%, influenced by the end of holiday effects, while certain sectors like railway transport and financial services remained robust [5] - The construction industry index improved to 49.6%, with a business activity expectation index of 57.9%, reflecting increased confidence in the sector [5] Group 3: Comprehensive PMI Output Index - The comprehensive PMI output index fell to 49.7%, a decrease of 0.3 percentage points, with manufacturing production index at 50.0% and non-manufacturing business activity index at 49.5% [6]

长江商报奔腾新闻记者 李璟 稳增长政策不断落地见效，制造业产需两端均有改善。 国家统计局11月30日发布数据显示，11月份，制造业采购经理指数（PMI）为49.2%，比上月上升 0.2个百分点，制造业稳中有升；非制造业商务活动指数为49.5%，比上月下降0.6个百分点，非制造业 经营活动有所放缓；综合PMI产出指数为49.7%，比上月下降0.3个百分点，我国经济景气水平总体平 稳。 中国物流与采购联合会分析认为，11月份制造业PMI指数小幅回升，表明市场信心有所改善。12月 制造业市场需求仍有趋稳回升空间，并带动企业生产活动稳中有增，年末节庆和冬季消费相关需求集中 释放会带动消费相关服务业有所回升，投资有望继续发挥托底经济的作用。此外，"十五五"发展目标鼓 舞人心，对市场信心产生积极影响。要围绕"十五五"良好开局进一步加强宏观经济政策逆周期调节力 度，显著加大政府公共产品、公共服务投资规模，进一步有效有力带动企业订单增加。 其中，生产指数和新订单指数分别为50.0%和49.2%，比上月分别上升0.3个和0.4个百分点，其中生 产指数升至临界点，产需两端均有改善。 11月份，非制造业商务活动指数为49.5%。其 ...

Group 1: Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for November is reported at 49.2%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, indicating an improvement in the manufacturing sector's economic conditions [1][2] - The production index and new orders index for November are at 50.0% and 49.2%, respectively, with increases of 0.3 and 0.4 percentage points, suggesting a recovery in both production and demand [2] - Small enterprises show significant improvement with a PMI of 49.1%, up 2.0 percentage points, marking the highest level in six months [2] Group 2: Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing business activity index for November is at 49.5%, a decrease of 0.6 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a decline in the non-manufacturing sector's economic conditions [4] - The service industry is experiencing a seasonal decline due to the high base effect from the previous month’s holidays, contributing to the drop in the non-manufacturing index [4] - The construction industry shows signs of recovery with a business activity index of 49.6%, up 0.5 percentage points, and a business activity expectation index of 57.9%, indicating increased confidence among construction firms [4][5] Group 3: Market Expectations - The production and business activity expectation index for November is at 53.1%, reflecting increased confidence among manufacturing enterprises regarding market development [3] - Analysts predict that the manufacturing sector will continue to stabilize and recover, supported by year-end project accelerations and effective policy implementations [3][5] - The service sector maintains a positive outlook despite a slight decline in the business activity expectation index, which remains at a high level of 55.9% [4]

Group 1: Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing PMI for November is reported at 49.2%, a slight increase of 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, indicating an improvement in economic conditions [1] - The production index and new orders index are at 50.0% and 49.2%, respectively, both showing increases of 0.3 and 0.4 percentage points, suggesting a recovery in production and demand [1] - High-tech manufacturing PMI remains above the critical point at 50.1%, indicating continued growth in this sector [2] Group 2: Small and Medium Enterprises - The PMI for small enterprises has significantly increased to 49.1%, up by 2.0 percentage points, marking the highest level in six months [2] - Medium-sized enterprises show a slight improvement with a PMI of 48.9%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points from last month [2] - Large enterprises, however, experienced a decline in PMI to 49.3%, down by 0.6 percentage points, indicating a drop in economic activity [2] Group 3: Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing business activity index is at 49.5%, a decrease of 0.6 percentage points from the previous month, reflecting a decline in the sector's economic performance [1][4] - The service sector's business activity index has also dropped to 49.5%, down by 0.7 percentage points, influenced by factors such as the end of holiday effects [3][4] - The construction sector shows signs of recovery with a business activity index of 49.6%, an increase of 0.5 percentage points, and a business activity expectation index of 57.9%, indicating improved confidence among construction firms [4] Group 4: Market Expectations - The production and business activity expectation index for manufacturing is at 53.1%, up by 0.3 percentage points, indicating increased confidence among manufacturers regarding market developments [2] - The business activity expectation index for the service sector is at 55.9%, despite a slight decrease of 0.2 percentage points, suggesting that service sector firms remain optimistic about future market conditions [4] Group 5: Policy Impact - The implementation of new policy financial tools has resulted in the allocation of 500 billion yuan, supporting over 2,300 projects with a total investment of approximately 7 trillion yuan, focusing on key sectors such as digital economy and infrastructure [5] - The additional 500 billion yuan in special bonds allocated to local governments is expected to further stimulate investment in manufacturing and infrastructure, contributing to an overall improvement in manufacturing sentiment [5]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided. 2. Core Viewpoints - In November, although the manufacturing economic activity did not exceed expectations, there were still positive factors. The emerging industries' prosperity rebounded first, the inventory problem caused by supply - demand imbalance was continuously digested, and the price upward trend remained unchanged with a continuous repair expectation for next year. The impact of new policy - based financial instruments on the industry and market was still in the early stages, and the actual work volume needed further verification next year [5]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Demand Drags Production, and De - stocking Exceeds Re - stocking - The drag of previous supply - demand imbalance on production emerged. The production index was weak in the past two months, and the procurement volume was below the critical value for two consecutive months. The "new order index - production index" reached a peak in September [13]. - Manufacturing enterprises have been actively de - stocking for nearly half a year. The inventory growth rate was already at a historically low level, and the downward space was limited. Compared with previous inventory cycles, this cycle had two characteristics: the peak was much lower and the inventory state switched frequently at a low level. The active re - stocking period was short, and the active de - stocking period was long. This was favorable for the bond market [16]. 3.2 Differentiation between Traditional Manufacturing and Emerging Industries - Traditional manufacturing has been in a downturn since April, with PMI below the boom - bust line for 8 consecutive months. However, emerging industries showed improvement since September. The EPMI index of emerging industries was above the boom - bust line for 3 consecutive months, and the BCI index of high - quality private enterprises also rose above the line, with sub - items such as corporate financing environment and investment forward - looking index improving significantly [19]. - The improvement in the prosperity of emerging industries boosted the employment market. The BCI corporate recruitment forward - looking index improved, and the "Internet unemployment benefit search index" decreased. The 500 billion yuan new policy - based financial instruments, fully invested by the end of October, supported over 2,300 projects with a total investment of about 7 trillion yuan, showing a strong pulling effect on emerging industries [19][25]. 3.3 Rare Contraction in Service Industry Prosperity - This month, the non - manufacturing PMI dropped 0.6 points to 49.5, falling below the critical value for the first time excluding public health events. The construction industry was at the bottom, and the service industry was the main drag. The service industry PMI dropped 0.7 points to 49.5, which was a rare contraction. This was related to seasonal factors and the real - estate sales slump [5][26]. - Some industries in the service industry, such as railway transportation, telecommunications, and finance, were in a high - prosperity range, while real - estate and residential services were below the critical point [28][29].

Group 1: Manufacturing Sector Insights - The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for November is at 49.2%, a slight increase of 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, marking the eighth consecutive month below the threshold line[4] - The new orders index and finished goods inventory index for November are 49.2% and 47.3%, respectively, with new orders increasing by 0.4 percentage points and finished goods inventory decreasing by 0.8 percentage points[5] - The "production momentum" index (new orders - finished goods inventory) is at 1.9%, up 1.2 percentage points from last month, indicating a recovery in production momentum[5] Group 2: Inventory and Pricing Dynamics - Manufacturing firms are actively reducing inventory, with the finished goods inventory index significantly below seasonal levels[15] - The raw material purchase price index is at 53.6%, up 1.1 percentage points, while the factory price index is at 48.2%, indicating a widening price gap that compresses profit margins[20] - The "raw material purchase price - factory price" gap is 5.4%, an increase of 0.4 percentage points, further squeezing profit margins for enterprises[20] Group 3: Export and Demand Trends - The new export orders index is at 47.6%, showing a recovery of 1.7 percentage points from the previous month, although still below the threshold line[9] - The recent trade agreement between China and the U.S. has reduced trade friction, contributing to improved export conditions[9] - The forecast for U.S. holiday shopping indicates a record participation of 187 million people, which may positively impact demand for exports[9] Group 4: Sectoral Performance and Risks - Small enterprises show the fastest recovery, with a PMI of 49.1%, up 2.0 percentage points, reaching the highest level in five years[28] - The non-manufacturing business activity index is at 49.5%, down 0.6 percentage points from last month, indicating a contraction in the sector[37] - Risks include potential underperformance of domestic policies and unexpected changes in international geopolitical situations[41]

Manufacturing Sector - November Manufacturing PMI increased to 49.2%, up 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, but still below the previous year's level[3] - Production index at 50.0%, indicating slight improvement in production activities[4] - New orders index at 49.2%, showing marginal recovery but still below the expansion threshold[4] - Small enterprises PMI rose significantly by 2.0 percentage points to 49.1%, indicating temporary relief from operational pressures[3] Non-Manufacturing Sector - Non-manufacturing PMI fell to 49.5%, down 0.6 percentage points from last month, indicating a slowdown in expansion[4] - Service sector PMI at 49.5%, reflecting weakened activity in the service industry[4] - New orders index for non-manufacturing at 45.7%, down 0.3 percentage points, indicating insufficient demand recovery[4] - Business activity expectations index at 56.2%, showing a slight increase, suggesting some optimism for future operations[4] Economic Outlook - Current economic conditions show weak supply and demand, with structural divergence in economic performance persisting[3] - Future economic recovery may depend on policy directions from upcoming political meetings and external financial environment improvements[3]

Group 1: Manufacturing Sector - November manufacturing PMI increased to 49.2%, up 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, but still below the seasonal average of 50.0%[14] - PMI for production rose by 0.3 percentage points to 50.0%; new orders improved by 0.4 percentage points to 49.2%[14] - Industrial raw material prices rebounded, with PMI purchase prices at 53.6% and factory prices at 48.2%, both up from previous values[22] Group 2: Non-Manufacturing Sector - November non-manufacturing PMI fell to 49.5%, down 0.7 percentage points, marking the first time this year below the expansion threshold[32] - Construction PMI improved slightly to 49.6%, with new orders index rising by 0.2 percentage points[24] - Policy-driven financial tools are less effective than in 2022, impacting service sector performance negatively[24] Group 3: Economic Indicators - Special bond issuance progress reached approximately 91.0% by the end of November, a significant increase of 10.1 percentage points from October[24] - Small enterprises showed a notable recovery in PMI, increasing by 2.0 percentage points, benefiting from improved US-China trade relations[22] - PPI is expected to narrow its year-on-year decline to around -2.0% in November, with a month-on-month increase of approximately 0.2%[22]