Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles revolves around the challenges faced by the Trump administration in implementing its trade policies, particularly the tariffs, which were initially expected to be straightforward but have proven to be complex and slow to execute [1][6][9] - The U.S. stock market showed stability as optimism grew regarding ongoing trade negotiations, alleviating fears caused by previous tariff warnings from Trump [2] - The U.S. is negotiating with various countries, including India and the EU, with significant breakthroughs expected to be difficult to announce before the upcoming deadlines [5] Group 2 - The tariff rates for imports from various countries are set at 25% for Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, and Kazakhstan, while South Africa has a 30% tariff, and Laos and Myanmar face 40% tariffs [3] - The potential for tariffs to increase consumer prices in the U.S. is a concern, with industry leaders warning that high tariffs could lead to higher costs for imported goods [8] - The Trump administration's approach to trade negotiations is characterized by a willingness to extend deadlines and consider alternative arrangements, reflecting a more flexible stance than initially presented [7][9]

高位税率 特朗普这轮发送关税信函的对象中，有6个是东南亚国家。 特朗普政府向14个贸易伙伴发送了关税信函，其中包括多个东南亚国家。 据新华社报道，美国总统特朗普7日表示，将从8月1日起分别对来自日本、韩国等14个国家的进口产品 征收25%至40%不等的关税。 这14国多为亚洲国家，除了日韩外，有6个为东南亚国家，既有东南亚最大经济体印度尼西亚，也有对 美出口规模较小的老挝和缅甸。其实在特朗普政府在4月2日公布的税率名单中，东南亚就已是"重灾 区"。 上海国际问题研究院东南亚研究中心主任周士新向第一财经记者表示，美国依然利用其经济实力和优势 来胁迫东南亚国家。他进一步分析道，东南亚国家虽然重视美国市场，但现状也让各国进一步认识到美 国市场的大门越关越紧。为了维持发展，预计东南亚国家将更倾向于与已签署自由贸易协定的国家深化 贸易合作。 柬埔寨或成为第二个与美达成协议的东南亚国家？ 特朗普7日在自己创立的"真实社交"网站上陆续发布了他写给14国领导人的信函。根据这些信的内容， 在东南亚国家中，马来西亚将被征收25%的关税，印尼为32%，泰国和柬埔寨将被征收36%的关税，老 挝和缅甸则面临此轮顶格的40%关税。 在特 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the implications of the recent trade agreement between the United States and Vietnam, particularly focusing on the new 40% tariff on transshipped goods and its potential impact on supply chains and trade dynamics in the region [1][4][9]. Summary by Sections Understanding the 40% Transshipment Tariff - The 40% tariff applies to goods that are minimally processed or merely transshipped through Vietnam before entering the U.S., which aims to enhance U.S. oversight on supply chain and origin compliance [1][4][6]. - The definition of "transshipment" is clarified as not merely transferring goods but involves changing the origin through light processing in Vietnam [5][7]. Implications of Zero Tariff for U.S. Goods - Vietnam's commitment to allow U.S. products to enter its market at zero tariffs could enable these goods to be re-exported to other RCEP countries, potentially weakening tariff barriers [9][10]. - This zero-tariff arrangement is seen as a significant structural change in trade dynamics, possibly increasing competition for Chinese products in the RCEP region [10]. Changes and Effects on Trade - The new tariff structure may lead to higher export costs and uncertainties for Chinese companies, prompting a reassessment of supply chain strategies [13][16]. - The previous practice of using Vietnam as a transshipment point to circumvent tariffs will now face a 40% tariff, significantly raising costs for those goods [13][16]. - Vietnam's foreign direct investment (FDI) reached $21.51 billion in the first half of the year, a 32.6% increase, indicating strong economic growth and investment attractiveness [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights China's strong opposition to any trade agreements that compromise its interests in exchange for tariff reductions, particularly in the context of the U.S. negotiating with other countries to exclude China from supply chains [1][3]. Group 1: U.S.-China Trade Relations - The U.S. is attempting to negotiate trade agreements with countries like India and the EU, aiming to weaken China's position by offering tariff exemptions in exchange for cooperation against China [1][3]. - The U.S. has imposed significant tariffs on global trade partners, with Chinese goods facing tariffs as high as 145%, which has severely impacted global supply chains [1][3]. - China has issued a warning that any country cooperating with the U.S. to undermine its interests will face strong retaliation [1][3]. Group 2: Strategic Responses - China is prepared to implement targeted countermeasures, including restrictions on rare earth exports, which are crucial for U.S. military and industrial applications [3][5]. - The U.S. relies heavily on China for rare earth materials, with 83.7% of its supply coming from China, posing a risk to its military supply chain [5]. - China retains the right to regulate its agricultural imports from the U.S., which could significantly impact U.S. farmers, particularly in key agricultural states [5][6]. Group 3: Multilateral Trade Dynamics - The article suggests that China's stance is becoming a cornerstone for multilateral trade order, as it calls for alliances against U.S. trade bullying [6][8]. - The U.S. has faced challenges in achieving substantial trade agreements, with claims of reaching deals with multiple countries being met with skepticism [6][8]. - The urgency of the situation is emphasized, as the deadline for negotiations approaches, testing the strategic resolve of involved nations [8].

Core Viewpoint - The recent tariff adjustments by the Trump administration reflect a continuation of a hardline trade policy while also indicating a tactical shift towards negotiating under pressure [1][3] Group 1: Tariff Adjustments - The U.S. has issued new tariffs targeting 14 countries, with Japan facing a 24% tariff and South Korea a 25% tariff, breaking the expectation of tariff exemptions for traditional allies [1] - The delay of the "reciprocal" tariff effective date to August 1 provides a 20-day buffer for trade negotiations [1] Group 2: Strategic Considerations - Japan and South Korea were chosen as initial targets due to their significant export volumes to the U.S., which can create immediate market impacts [1] - The strategy aims to send a message to other countries that no one is exempt from U.S. tariffs, enhancing America's psychological advantage in negotiations [1] Group 3: Characteristics of the Tariff Strategy - The tariff strategy includes three main characteristics: breaking the ally boundary by weaponizing trade, setting flexible negotiation periods to force concessions, and applying differentiated tax rates based on each country's economic structure [3] - This approach is described as a "carrot and stick" method, with the potential to reshape global trade dynamics as the August 1 deadline approaches [3]

观察者网消息，金砖国家的开放合作之声在南美响起之际，美国总统特朗普又挥舞起他的关税"大刀"， 甚至又一次公然向金砖国家发出威胁，这很快引发金砖国家反击。 当地时间7月7日，在金砖国家领导人里约热内卢峰会后，巴西总统卢拉接受采访时猛批特朗普的威胁， 他告诉记者："世界已经变了，我们不需要一个皇帝。"卢拉强调，金砖国家想要从经济角度寻找另一种 全球组织方式，这正是某些人感到不安的原因。 中国外交部发言人毛宁7日下午在例行记者会上应询表示，"关于加征关税，中方已经多次阐明了立场 ——贸易战、关税战没有赢家，保护主义没有出路。" 据路透社报道，在里约热内卢举行的金砖峰会结束时，当记者问及特朗普的关税威胁时，卢拉坚定地表 示："世界已经变了。我们不需要一个皇帝。" 2025年7月7日，巴西里约热内卢，巴西总统卢拉在第17届金砖国家峰会新闻发布会上讲话。视觉中国 卢拉再次表达了他关于全球贸易应当摆脱对美元依赖的看法。 "世界必须找到一种方式，使我们的贸易关系不必非要通过美元来进行。"卢拉在峰会结束后的记者会上 表示。 "当然，我们必须对此采取谨慎负责的态度。我们的中央银行需要与其他国家的中央银行进行讨论，"他 补充道，" ...

前言 7月3日，特朗普在去艾奥瓦州的路上突然放话，明天起每天给10个国家发关税账单。 可这场席卷170国的征税大戏里，中国却神奇地"消失"了，连90天缓冲期都没熬完就翻脸。 这葫芦里到底卖的啥药？中国怎么就成了这场加税风暴里的唯一幸免者？ 说翻脸就翻脸的政策大变脸 90天变1天，特朗普不装了，这变脸速度，比川剧还快，7月4日起，美国真的开始天天发信催税了，每天10个国家，像发传单一样，告诉你该交多少钱，到 了8月1日，就要见真金白银，这节奏，比讨债公司还专业。 要知道，4月2日那会儿，特朗普还摆出一副"咱们好好谈"的姿态，什么"对等关税"，什么90天宽限期，听起来还挺人性化，各国政府也真信了，派出贸易代 表团，准备材料，想着能谈个好价钱。 这份170国的税单可不是闹着玩的，欧盟得交20%，印度26%，日本24%。连一向跟美国关系不错的盟友，这次也一个都跑不了，什么北约伙伴，什么特殊关 系，到了收钱的时候，一律按价格表来。 结果呢？7月3日直接下最后通牒，连谈判桌都不要了，就一句话：交钱。 更绝的是，美国海关现在都开始招兵买马了，据说要增聘数千名关税稽查员，连区块链技术都用上了，就怕有人偷跑漏税，这架势，像要打 ...

美国所谓"对等关税"90天暂缓期将于7月9日结束。在刚刚过去的周末，包括财政部长贝森特等在内的美 方高官频繁表态，一方面施压贸易对象加快谈判步伐，另一方面暗示未能如期达成协议的国家可选择延 长谈判截止期限。 贝森特6日接受美国有线电视新闻网采访时表示，美国总统特朗普本周将向贸易对象发送信函，告知美 方计划征收的关税税率。对于在8月1日之前未能与美国达成贸易协议的国家，关税税率将恢复到4月宣 布的"对等关税"水平。 贝森特拒绝向媒体证实8月1日是否为最新截止日期，称"如果你想加快速度，那就行动吧"。 特朗普6日晚在新泽西州登上总统专机时对记者表示，他将于7日开始向12至15个贸易对象发出关税函。 他同时暗示，一些协议即将达成。"我认为我们将在7月9日前与大多数国家达成协议——要么是函件， 要么是协议。"他说。 美国商务部长卢特尼克在与特朗普一同登上专机时对记者说："关税将于8月1日生效，总统目前正在制 定税率和协议。" 特朗普4月2日宣布开征所谓"对等关税"，引发美国金融市场暴跌。在多方压力下，特朗普又在4月9日宣 布暂缓对部分贸易对象征收高额"对等关税"90天，但维持10%的"基准关税"。 3个月来，美国与多 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the intensifying trade conflict initiated by the U.S., with President Trump planning to notify over 170 countries about impending tariffs, indicating a shift towards a more aggressive trade stance [1][3][10] - The U.S. has only successfully negotiated agreements with the UK and Vietnam, with both countries accepting tariffs of 10% and 20% respectively, showcasing the slow progress in negotiations with other nations [1][3] - Trump’s frustration with the slow negotiation process has led him to opt for a direct communication method, sending approximately 10 letters daily to inform countries of their respective tariff rates [1][3] Group 2 - The potential tariff rates for countries could range from 20% to 30%, with Japan facing threats of 30% to 35% tariffs due to stalled negotiations on key issues like rice and automobiles [3][7] - The European Union has taken a hardline stance, demanding the U.S. lift existing tariffs before any agreements can be made, while also preparing for potential retaliatory measures [3][10] - The passage of the "Big and Beautiful Act" has emboldened Trump’s tariff policies, as it aims to fill the fiscal gap created by tax cuts and increased government spending through tariff revenues [4][5][7] Group 3 - The U.S. has made recent moves to ease restrictions on exports to China, indicating a potential de-escalation in the trade war, contrasting with the aggressive tariff strategy towards other nations [8] - The imposition of tariffs is expected to raise export costs for countries closely trading with the U.S., potentially harming their economic growth and employment [10] - While tariffs may temporarily boost U.S. fiscal revenues, they could lead to higher consumer prices and inflation in the long run, negatively impacting American consumers [10]

Core Viewpoint - The trade negotiations between the US and the EU have encountered significant setbacks, with the EU potentially seeking to extend the suspension of "reciprocal tariffs" and abandoning hopes for a comprehensive trade agreement before the deadline [5][6]. Group 1: US-EU Trade Negotiations - The EU has given up on reaching a comprehensive trade agreement before the suspension of "reciprocal tariffs" ends on September 9, and it is uncertain if a lighter principle agreement can be achieved [5][6]. - Internal divisions within the EU regarding trade cooperation with the US are hindering progress, with countries like Germany and Italy favoring a swift agreement, while France, Spain, and Denmark express concerns over necessary concessions [5]. - The EU's trade with the US is projected to reach €1.7 trillion (approximately $2 trillion) in 2024, with daily trade averaging €4.6 billion [5]. Group 2: US-Japan Trade Relations - Japan's Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba stated that Japan will not easily compromise in trade negotiations, indicating that discussions are challenging and time-consuming [2][8]. - Trump has threatened to impose tariffs of 30% to 35% on Japan if an agreement is not reached, and Japan is preparing for various scenarios in response [8][9]. - Japan's Economic Revitalization Minister Akira Amari previously visited the US for negotiations but returned without progress, leading to increased pressure from Trump for higher tariffs [9]. Group 3: US Tariff Plans - Trump plans to send letters to various countries notifying them of the tariffs they will be required to pay, with a potential implementation date of August 1 [3][10]. - The US has already announced a 10% basic tariff on most countries and punitive tariffs of up to 50% on specific goods, with some implementations delayed to allow for negotiations [11]. - The US Treasury Secretary indicated that notifications will be sent to 100 countries with minimal trade relations, warning of higher tariffs if negotiations do not progress [12].