Investment Rating - Industry Rating: Outperform the market [5] - Rating Change: Maintain [5] Core Insights - Dexterous hands are the core solution for humanoid robot end effectors, with current technology routes not converging and significant customization demands from downstream customers, giving an advantage to whole hand and module manufacturers [1][3] - Dexterous hands mimic human hands, integrating drive systems, transmission systems, and sensing systems, offering high flexibility but at a higher cost and lower reliability and maintainability compared to traditional grippers [1][3] - The report identifies three main trends in the development of dexterous hands: the coexistence of multiple technology routes, an increase in degrees of freedom and sensor usage, and the necessity for collaboration between manufacturers and external suppliers due to high R&D costs and long cycles [3][27] Summary by Sections Section 1: Dexterous Hands as Core Solutions - Dexterous hands are designed to flexibly manipulate objects and meet various operational needs, with Tesla's dexterous hand currently in its third iteration capable of performing complex tasks [13][15] - The key difference between dexterous hands and traditional grippers is the higher degree of freedom in dexterous hands, allowing for more complex grasping operations [1][19] Section 2: Core Systems of Dexterous Hands - The dexterous hand consists of three core systems: drive system, transmission system, and sensing system [27] - The drive system primarily includes electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, and shape memory alloy drives, with the electric drive being the mainstream solution [27][30] - The transmission system includes reducers, screws, and tendon systems, with planetary reducers and worm gearboxes being the most commonly used [27][46] - The sensing system comprises force/moment sensors, position sensors, and tactile sensors, which are crucial for providing feedback and enhancing the dexterous hand's functionality [27][75] Section 3: Development Trends of Dexterous Hands - The technology routes for dexterous hands are expected to remain diverse in the short term, with no convergence anticipated [3][92] - Future improvements in dexterous hands will likely include increased degrees of freedom and a rise in the usage of tactile sensors, which will enhance the overall value of the dexterous hand [3][92] - The high R&D investment and long development cycles necessitate collaboration between manufacturers and external suppliers, as dexterous hand development constitutes a significant portion of humanoid robot engineering [3][92] Section 4: Investment Recommendations - Companies such as Jiechang Drive, Longsheng Technology, Zhaowei Electromechanical, and Jiangsu Leili are highlighted for their potential in the dexterous hand market due to their innovative approaches and collaborations [8][4]

Core Insights - The global smart sensor market is approximately $52 billion, with an annual growth rate of around 10%. The rise of embodied intelligence, represented by humanoid robots, is expected to drive a surge in the sensor market [1][2]. Sensor Market Overview - Sensors are devices that convert external signals into electrical signals, and they are considered one of the three pillars of modern information technology alongside communication and computing [2]. - The sensor market in China is about 164 billion yuan, with an annual growth rate exceeding 15% [2]. Visual Sensors - Visual sensors are crucial for perceiving and understanding the surrounding world, contributing approximately 70% of sensory information. The market for 3D visual sensors in humanoid robots is projected to reach around 20 billion yuan by 2030 [3]. - Companies to watch include Orbbec, SUTENG, Lingyun Optics, and Opto [3]. Tactile Sensors - Tactile sensors, which simulate skin functions, are increasingly used in dexterous hands and are vital for humanoid robots to perceive their environment. The market for tactile sensors in humanoid robots is expected to reach 10.5 billion yuan by 2030 [4]. - Key players include Hanwei Technology [4]. Force/Torque Sensors - Force/torque sensors are essential for maintaining stable positions and high repeatability in industrial applications. The demand for force sensors in humanoid robots is anticipated to reach 58.5 billion yuan by 2030 [5]. - Companies to consider include Koli Sensor and Donghua Testing [5]. Attitude Sensors - Attitude sensors measure the direction or angular position of objects in three-dimensional space, with MEMS inertial sensors being the mainstream technology. The global MEMS inertial sensor market is expected to exceed 30 billion yuan by 2025 [6]. - Companies to focus on include Huayi Technology [6]. Position Sensors - Position sensors, specifically encoders, are used in robotic joints for motion control. The domestic encoder market is valued at 2-3 billion yuan, with significant potential for growth in the robotics sector [7]. - Notable companies include Inovance Technology, Aopu Optoelectronics, and Leadshine [7].

Summary of Conference Call Records Industry Overview - The conference call discusses the **dexterous hand sensor industry**, highlighting advancements in sensor technology and market trends related to dexterous hands and their applications in robotics and automation [1][2]. Key Points and Arguments 1. **Increased Degrees of Freedom**: Dexterous hands are evolving with degrees of freedom exceeding 10, with products like Lingqiao Intelligent's Hand Zero One 21 achieving 19 degrees and Yushu Technology's Dex 5-1 reaching 20 degrees, indicating a continuous pursuit of operational flexibility in the industry [1]. 2. **Importance of Tactile Sensors**: Tactile sensors are crucial for simulating human skin's ability to perceive temperature, pressure, and other physical variables, even in low-light conditions [1][2]. 3. **Sensor Technology Pathways**: Key technological pathways in dexterous hands include force sensors, position sensors, and various sensing principles such as strain, capacitive, and optical methods, each with distinct advantages and applications [1][5]. 4. **Market Growth Projections**: The global force sensor market reached **$8.89 billion** in 2020 and is expected to grow rapidly, particularly the six-dimensional force sensor market, which is projected to exceed a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of **100%** post-2024 due to the mass production of humanoid robots [11][12]. 5. **Flexible/Tactile Sensor Market**: The flexible/tactile sensor market was nearly **$2 billion** globally in 2022, with China's market reaching **¥2.47 billion** in 2023, primarily applied in consumer electronics, healthcare, and automotive automation [13]. Additional Important Content 1. **Types of Dexterous Hands**: Various dexterous hand products are highlighted, such as Lingqiao Intelligent's Hand Zero One 21 with 19 degrees of freedom and Yushu Technology's Dex 5-1 with 20 degrees, showcasing the diversity in design and functionality [4]. 2. **Sensor Classification**: Tactile sensors can be classified into capacitive, resistive, piezoelectric, optical, and triboelectric types, each with unique working principles and performance characteristics [8][9]. 3. **Performance Metrics of Tactile Sensors**: Performance metrics such as sensitivity, linearity, response time, resolution, and stability vary across different types of tactile sensors, influencing their application suitability [10]. 4. **Market Concentration**: The six-dimensional force sensor market is highly concentrated, with companies like Yuli Instruments and Landpoint Touch holding over **50%** market share [12]. This summary encapsulates the key insights from the conference call, providing a comprehensive overview of the dexterous hand sensor industry, its technological advancements, market dynamics, and competitive landscape.

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call discusses the robotics industry, specifically focusing on dexterous robotic hands and their driving solutions, including threaded screws, servo motors with lead screws, and micro electric cylinders [1][2]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Driving Solutions**: Various driving solutions have distinct advantages and disadvantages. Threaded screws have poor self-locking and precision, servo motors are slow with low load capacity, while micro electric cylinders are fast but costly [1]. - **Motor Types**: Hollow cup motors offer high speeds, but companies like Tesla may switch to standard brushless motors for cost considerations. The choice of motor depends on specific application needs and overall design strategy [1][7]. - **Dexterous Hand Design**: The mainstream design for dexterous hands is six degrees of freedom (DoF), with driving methods including rods, threaded screws (gear transmission), and tendon-driven systems. Each method has trade-offs in terms of efficiency, complexity, and load capacity [1][12]. - **Load Capacity**: A single finger can achieve a grip strength of 3 kg, while the entire hand can handle approximately 3 kg, making it suitable for various complex tasks [1][13]. - **Importance of Position Sensors**: Position sensors are crucial for the performance of dexterous hands, providing real-time feedback on finger load and tangential force. The company currently sources these sensors externally [1][16][18]. - **Cost Structure**: The price of dexterous hands ranges from 30,000 to 50,000 yuan, influenced by components like micro electric cylinders, push rods, and advanced control systems. R&D costs and material choices significantly impact overall costs [1][21][22]. Additional Important Content - **Market Applications**: The products are utilized in various sectors, including beauty and medical aesthetics, new energy coating automation, automotive, and robotics [1][11]. - **Mechanical Hand Degrees of Freedom**: Higher degrees of freedom in mechanical hands lead to increased weight, affecting load capacity and lifespan. The industry tends to favor lower DoF designs for practical applications [2][24]. - **Comparison of Driving Methods**: The market features several driving methods, including rods, threaded screws, and tendon-driven systems, each with unique advantages and disadvantages [1][14]. - **Future Directions**: The company is considering moving towards higher degrees of freedom in their product iterations, aligning with industry trends [1][37]. - **Competitive Landscape**: Companies like Tesla and others are developing various mechanical hand solutions, with differing degrees of freedom and driving methods, impacting their market viability [23][42]. This summary encapsulates the key points discussed in the conference call, providing insights into the robotics industry, particularly in the context of dexterous robotic hands and their applications.