养老是每个人都必须面对的人生课题。早规划、早准备，方能在时代变化中从容拥抱未来。 在人口结构转变、社会财富转型与低利率环境并存的宏观背景下，我国的老龄化问题被赋予了更深刻的 时代内涵，这使得系统性养老规划的必 要性、紧迫性与复杂性日益凸显。为应对这一挑战，我国已构 建起以基本养老保险、职业养老金和个人养老金为三大支柱的多层次养老体系。其中，个人养老金作为 重要补充，经过三年发展已实现从制度探索到市场实践的成熟跨越。其核心投资工具——养老基金Y份 额，也完成了从单一FOF产品到涵盖ETF、指数增强等多元类型的体系升级，成为越来越多人的养老投 资新选择。 个人养老金制度自2022年启动以来，历经三年发展，已完成从制度顶层设计到市场全面落地的重要进 程。在产品供给方面，公募基金机构积极响应，持续丰富Y份额产品线。Y份额产品类型已从最初单一 的养老目标FOF基金，逐步扩展至被动指数型、指数增强型等多种类别，产品体系不断完善。2024年 末，随着个人养老金制度全面实施，指数基金被正式纳入个人养老金投资范围。据人社部数据，截至 2024年末，个人养老金指数基金总规模已超3亿元。经过近一年发展，个人养老金基金产品供给显著 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of risk assessment in investment, highlighting that understanding one's risk tolerance is crucial for selecting suitable fund products and making informed investment decisions [3][4][10]. Risk Assessment - Risk assessment is a process to determine an investor's risk tolerance, which helps in identifying appropriate fund investments [4][5]. - Fund products are categorized into five risk levels (R1 to R5), with R1 being low risk and R5 being high risk, while investors are classified into five categories (C1 to C5) based on their risk tolerance [5][6]. - The classification allows investors with lower risk tolerance (C1) to invest in low-risk products (R1), while those with higher risk tolerance (C5) can invest in a broader range of products, including high-risk options [5][7]. Changes in Risk Tolerance - An investor's risk tolerance is generally stable over short periods but can change over longer durations due to factors like age, family assets, and financial knowledge [8]. - For instance, a novice investor may start with a low-risk tolerance (C1) but may evolve to a higher risk tolerance (C2 or C3) as they gain experience and knowledge [8]. Investment Planning - Investors should avoid following market trends and instead focus on investments that align with their risk tolerance [10][11]. - A diversified investment portfolio should be constructed based on risk tolerance, with lower-risk investors (C1, C2) primarily investing in fixed-income funds while allowing for some exposure to mixed funds [11]. - It is crucial for investors to anchor their investment strategies to their risk tolerance rather than market fluctuations to avoid emotional decision-making during market volatility [11]. Long-term Investment - The article advocates for a long-term investment approach, emphasizing that investors should commit to holding suitable funds over time to achieve satisfactory returns [11].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles emphasizes the importance of risk assessment for investors to determine their suitable fund products based on their risk tolerance levels [1][2][6] - Risk assessment helps categorize fund products into five risk levels (R1 to R5), allowing investors to understand which products align with their risk profiles [2][3] - Investors are classified into five categories (C1 to C5) based on their risk tolerance, with C1 being the lowest and C5 the highest, influencing the types of funds they can invest in [3][5] Group 2 - The articles discuss that an investor's risk tolerance can remain stable over short periods but may change over longer periods due to factors like age, family assets, and investment knowledge [6][7] - It is suggested that investors should not follow market trends blindly but should adhere to their risk tolerance when making investment decisions [8][9] - The importance of long-term investment strategies is highlighted, encouraging investors to maintain their risk assessment as a guiding principle rather than reacting to market fluctuations [9]

Group 1 - The core concept of the article emphasizes the importance of foundational knowledge in investing, particularly in mutual funds, to facilitate easier entry into investment activities [2] - The article introduces pension target funds, which are specifically designed for retirement financial planning and are characterized by the inclusion of "pension target" in their names [3] - Pension target funds operate in a fund-of-funds (FOF) format, with over 80% of their assets invested in other funds, catering to retirement needs [3]