"长征五号乙"运载火箭。资料图片 回望2025，中国科技创新在广袤天地间书写奋进篇章。科研视野向"四极"拓展，量子科技、月球研究等 领域涌现原创突破；科技创新与产业创新加速融合，人工智能、新能源汽车产业蓬勃发展；全球创新指 数排名中，我国升至第十位，夯实高水平科技自立自强的根基。 "十五五"规划建议中，46次提及"科技"，61次强调"创新"。本版推出"院士讲科普·年终特别报道"，让我 们在8位院士的答问中，回顾这一年科技创新的坚实脚步，打开面向未来的科学想象，共同奔赴科技强 国新征程。 ——编 者 在以克计算的月壤里，能看见怎样的星辰大海 中国工程院院士 吴伟仁 于百万年人类史而言，现代自然科学的诞生与发展，只是历史之一瞬。不少科学知识都是从地球表面观 测自然现象演绎得来。深空探测一般指对月球及其以远的天体和空间开展的探测活动，已成为当今世界 最具挑战性和带动性的高科技领域之一。 2025年，在嫦娥六号取回的月球背面样品里，首次发现大型撞击事件成因的微米级赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿晶 体，揭示了全新的月球氧化反应机制，取得月球科学研究的重大突破；发射的天问二号探测器，将在距 地球远达4200万公里的空间，对一颗高速运行 ...

Group 1: Technological Innovation and Achievements - In 2025, China made significant advancements in scientific research, particularly in quantum technology and lunar studies, achieving original breakthroughs [1] - The global innovation index ranked China 10th, reinforcing the foundation for high-level technological self-reliance [1] - Major breakthroughs in lunar science were achieved with the Chang'e 6 mission, revealing new lunar oxidation reaction mechanisms [2][3] Group 2: Quantum Computing Developments - Quantum computing is identified as a key future technology, with China focusing on achieving full autonomy in its development [4] - The third-generation superconducting quantum computer "Benyuan Wukong" has been launched, participating in numerous application collaborations across various sectors [4][6] - The development of quantum computing is likened to building a rocket, emphasizing the importance of both hardware and software integration [4] Group 3: Brain-Computer Interface Technology - Brain-computer interface technology is evolving to connect biological intelligence with machine intelligence, with significant clinical advancements reported in 2025 [7][9] - The technology is moving from unidirectional reading to bidirectional interaction, enhancing its potential applications [7] Group 4: Digital Intelligence and Industrial Transformation - Digital intelligence technologies, including cloud computing and AI, are seen as essential tools for enhancing innovation capabilities across industries [10][11] - The integration of digital technologies into industrial processes is expected to transform manufacturing paradigms and improve efficiency [10] Group 5: Hydrogen Energy and Renewable Resources - Hydrogen energy is recognized as a crucial component of the renewable energy revolution, complementing electricity and promoting low-carbon transitions [12][13] - China has made progress in mastering hydrogen fuel cell technologies and establishing related industrial chains [12][13] Group 6: Research Talent Development - The cultivation of research talent is emphasized as critical for supporting high-level technological self-reliance, with a focus on aligning educational programs with national strategic needs [14][15] - Young researchers are increasingly contributing to scientific advancements, with a significant proportion of key research personnel being under 45 years old [15] Group 7: Support for Basic Research - Basic research in China is receiving increased attention and support, although challenges remain in funding and stability [16][17][18] - The government is implementing reforms to enhance the support for basic research, including funding mechanisms and cultural improvements [16][17][18] Group 8: Science Popularization and Innovation - The relationship between scientific innovation and public science education is highlighted, with efforts to engage the public in scientific knowledge [19][20] - Enhancing public understanding of science is seen as foundational for fostering future research talent and innovation [19][20]

据悉，安徽省规上工业企业100%启动数字化改造，同时，该省积极培育发展直播电商、短视频电商等 新模式新业态，挖掘数字消费新场景，全省网络零售额从2021年的3000亿元增长到2024年的近5000亿 元，年均增长16.9%，全省农业生产信息化率达到52%以上、居全国前列。 编辑：高二山 新华财经合肥12月26日电（记者王菲）记者从安徽省政府新闻发布会获悉，作为全国首批国家数据要素 综合试验区建设试点省，安徽加快数智化转型，"十四五"期间，安徽省数字经济核心产业企业营收首次 突破万亿大关，2025年全省数字经济核心产业企业营收预计达1.3万亿元，年均增长12%。 国内首款第五代超低功耗双倍速率动态随机存储器实现量产、"祖冲之三号"量子计算原型机领跑全 球、"本源悟空"刷新我国自主量子算力服务规模纪录……安徽实施关键核心技术攻关，推动建设数据空 间、人工智能研究院等高能级研究机构，加快数字技术创新成果输出。 瞄准产业延链、补链、强链环节，数字核心产业加快集聚，安徽精准开展新一代信息技术、人工智能等 数字产业"双招双引"，建设集成电路、新型显示器件、人工智能3个国家战略性新兴产业集群，集聚企 业2200余家，202 ...

量子信息 在安徽，百余家量子产业链企业集聚，核心企业数量占全国三分之一，已形成龙头引领、专精特新协同 的大格局。合肥力争到2027年，将量子产业打造成百亿级产业集群 聚变能源 "在中国，人们称他为'量子之父'。这一称呼，潘建伟当之无愧。在他带领下，中国成为远距离量子通 信技术的领导者。" 这是英国《自然》杂志对中国科学院院士、中国科学技术大学常务副校长潘建伟的一段介绍。那时，他 入选《自然》杂志评出的2017年全球十大科学人物。 未来产业代表着新一轮科技革命和产业变革方向，也是世界科技和产业竞争的主战场。量子科技是具有 代表性的未来产业之一。如今，在这一领域，我国已跻身国际竞争的第一梯队。 依托基础科研优势，安徽前瞻性布局未来产业，着力推进量子信息、聚变能源、深空探测三大科创引领 高地建设，逐渐成为全球重要的创新策源地和产业引领地。 近年来，安徽着力打造聚变能源科创引领高地建设，已形成覆盖科学研究、工程集成、原型装置的磁约 束核聚变大科学装置集群 深空探测 深空探测是安徽全力打造的三大科创引领高地之一。从前沿科学到产业探索，科技创新的策源作用牵引 着安徽竞逐深空经济这片蓝海 拥抱未来产业，产业才有未来。安徽正 ...

Quantum Technology - China has established the world's largest quantum communication network, comprising 8 core sites and 159 access stations [4] - The third-generation superconducting quantum computer "Benyuan Wukong" is set to officially operate in January 2024, with over 80% domestic components [9] - "Benyuan Wukong" has been accessed over 37 million times by users from 163 countries, completing 740,000 quantum computing tasks across various fields [11] Biological Manufacturing - Biological manufacturing combines traditional fermentation and synthetic biology, opening new industrial spaces [12] - China holds over 70% of global biological fermentation capacity, leading in the production of amino acids and organic acids [12] - Challenges include the need for core strains and key enzymes, as well as the development of a robust biological information database [13] Nuclear Fusion Energy - Controlled nuclear fusion, known as "artificial sun," is advancing with significant breakthroughs in technology [14][15] - The "China Circulation No. 3" has achieved record ion and electron temperatures of 120 million and 160 million degrees Celsius, respectively [15] - By 2027, "China Circulation No. 3" is expected to conduct burning plasma experiments, moving towards commercial fusion power generation by mid-century [15] Brain-Computer Interface - Brain-computer interface technology is expanding into various fields, including medical rehabilitation and consumer electronics [17][18] - The industry is supported by a collaborative ecosystem involving research, industry, and policy frameworks [18] - Key focus areas include core technology development, innovation ecosystem enhancement, and ethical regulatory frameworks [18] Humanoid Robotics - Humanoid robots are evolving rapidly, with advancements in joint modules and motion control [19][20] - The Shenzhen area is developing a "embodied intelligence port," fostering a complete industrial chain from R&D to application [20] - The local government has introduced action plans to promote technological innovation and industry development in humanoid robotics [20] 6G Technology - 6G technology aims to enhance connectivity and integrate various technologies, supporting the development of a smart society [21][22] - It is expected to achieve 10 to 100 times the speed and reliability of 5G, covering all domains of connectivity [21] - China is advancing in 6G research and aims for commercial implementation by 2030 [22]

Core Insights - The article discusses the development of future industries in China, focusing on quantum technology, biomanufacturing, nuclear fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, and embodied intelligence as key growth areas for high-quality development [10][15][18]. Quantum Technology - The "Quantum Avenue" in Hefei is home to numerous tech companies, creating a complete ecosystem for quantum computing, communication, and measurement [11]. - The third-generation superconducting quantum computer "Benyuan Wukong" is set to officially operate in January 2024, with over 80% of its components domestically produced [11]. - "Benyuan Wukong" has been accessed over 37 million times by users from 163 countries, completing 740,000 quantum computing tasks across various fields [12]. Biomanufacturing - Biomanufacturing combines traditional fermentation and synthetic biology, enabling customized production of medical products and sustainable materials [13]. - China holds a significant advantage in biomanufacturing, accounting for over 70% of global fermentation capacity and leading in the production of amino acids and organic acids [13]. - Challenges include the need for core strains and key enzymes, which require improved biological information databases and design tools [14]. Nuclear Fusion Energy - China is making significant strides in nuclear fusion research, with the "China Circulation No. 3" achieving record temperatures of 120 million degrees Celsius for ions and 160 million degrees Celsius for electrons [16]. - The establishment of the first International Atomic Energy Agency fusion research and training center in China marks a shift from participant to key player in global fusion energy development [16]. Brain-Computer Interfaces - Brain-computer interface technology is rapidly expanding into various fields, particularly in healthcare for rehabilitation and assistive technologies [18]. - China is developing a robust ecosystem for brain-computer interfaces, with significant advancements in clinical applications and policy support aimed at creating a competitive industry by 2030 [19]. Embodied Intelligence - The development of humanoid robots is advancing, with companies focusing on high-performance hardware and software to enhance capabilities in various applications [20]. - Shenzhen is emerging as a hub for embodied intelligence, with a complete industrial chain supporting technology development and market application [21]. 6G Technology - 6G technology aims to integrate communication, sensing, advanced computing, and AI, significantly enhancing connectivity and supporting the digital transformation of society and industries [22]. - China is leading in 6G research and is expected to achieve commercial deployment by 2030, with ongoing efforts in technology validation and ecosystem development [23].

Core Insights - The upcoming 2025 Quantum Technology and Industry Conference will be held in Hefei, marking a significant step for the internationalization of the quantum industry in the region [1] - Guoyi Quantum Technology has successfully delivered its self-developed EPR300 spectrometer to Queen Mary University of London, showcasing China's global competitiveness in quantum technology [3] - Benyuan Quantum Computing has also received international orders for its dilution refrigerator, indicating strong demand for Chinese quantum products [3] Industry Development - Hefei High-tech Zone, known as "Quantum Avenue," hosts over 80 quantum enterprises, forming a complete industrial chain covering quantum communication, computing, and measurement [3][5] - Leading companies like Guoshield Quantum and Benyuan Quantum are driving the development of numerous small and medium-sized enterprises, creating a robust industrial ecosystem [5] - Guoshield Quantum has established the largest and most extensive "Hefei Quantum Metropolitan Area Network," expanding secure communication capabilities [5] Technological Advancements - Benyuan Quantum's third-generation superconducting quantum computer "Benyuan Wukong" has completed over 690,000 quantum computing tasks for users in 163 countries since its launch in 2024 [5] - The application of quantum technology is accelerating, with a notable improvement in the accuracy of HIV antiviral drug screening from 73% to 97% through a collaboration with the University of Science and Technology of China [6] Supportive Ecosystem - Hefei's innovation ecosystem is bolstered by a collaborative mechanism involving national laboratories, universities, and enterprises, significantly reducing the time required for technological achievements [5] - Financial support from local government initiatives, including angel and seed funds, has enhanced the risk tolerance for quantum enterprises, facilitating their growth [5] Future Plans - Hefei High-tech Zone aims to gather 100 quantum enterprises and over 30 leading talents by 2025, with a target of nurturing two listed companies and achieving a quantum industry scale of 5 billion yuan by 2027 [7]

Core Insights - The article highlights the significant advancements made by the team in developing China's third-generation autonomous superconducting quantum computer "Benyuan Wukong," which has provided quantum computing services to over 36 million users across 163 countries and regions, completing 710,000 global quantum computing tasks as of October 2025 [2]. Group 1: Quantum Computing Development - Quantum computers are recognized for their powerful computing capabilities, including parallelism and exponential acceleration, which can significantly impact fields such as artificial intelligence, new drug development, and financial engineering [2]. - The team faced challenges in achieving "engineering breakthroughs" in quantum computing, which was previously a blank slate in China, necessitating a trial-and-error approach to transform theoretically feasible technologies into repeatable engineering solutions [2]. Group 2: Measurement and Control Systems - The quantum computing measurement and control system serves as the "nerve center" of the quantum computer, responsible for signal generation, acquisition, and control [3]. - Initial reliance on imported high-end instruments led to high costs and compatibility issues, prompting the team to develop the first domestic quantum computing measurement and control system, "Benyuan Tianji," in December 2018, marking a significant technological breakthrough [3]. - Subsequent iterations of the measurement and control system, including "Benyuan Tianji 2.0" and "Benyuan Tianji 3.0," have improved signal control precision and expanded support for over 100 superconducting qubits, with "Benyuan Tianji 4.0" set to support over 500 qubits by 2025 [3]. Group 3: Overcoming Technical Challenges - The development of high-density microwave interconnect modules posed significant challenges, as quantum chips require operation at extremely low temperatures, necessitating precise signal transmission while isolating heat [4]. - The team collaborated with the China Electronics Technology Group to develop a fully domestically produced high-density microwave interconnect module, significantly reducing costs compared to imported alternatives [4]. Group 4: Future Prospects and Applications - Quantum computing is viewed as a key technology for the next information revolution, with the team committed to continuous advancements in quantum technology [4]. - The article emphasizes the importance of scientific innovation as a core element of new productive forces, showcasing the team's efforts in breaking foreign monopolies and achieving technological upgrades in quantum measurement and control systems [5]. - "Benyuan Wukong" has applications across various fields, including a breast cancer detection system in biomedicine, AI model tuning tasks, and large-scale quantum computational fluid dynamics simulations in aerospace [6].

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the elevation of quantum technology to a national strategic level in China's 14th Five-Year Plan, indicating unprecedented development opportunities for the next five years [2] - Quantum technology is identified as a key area for future industrial layout, with a focus on achieving breakthroughs in technology, industrial implementation, and ecosystem development during the 14th Five-Year Plan [1][2] Quantum Technology Overview - Quantum technology is categorized into three main areas: quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum precision measurement [3] - Quantum computing aims to solve specialized machine breakthroughs, with applications in financial modeling, drug development, logistics optimization, and AI computing power [4] - Quantum communication is in the early stages of large-scale application, crucial for secure communications in defense, government, and finance [4] - Quantum precision measurement is currently in the scenario validation phase, with potential applications in healthcare, resource exploration, power grid monitoring, and gravity surveying [5] Industry Development and Challenges - The quantum technology industry is still in its early development stage, requiring ongoing innovation, core technology breakthroughs, and self-controllable core components [6] - There is a need for improved integration with IoT, AI, and big data technologies to accelerate upstream and downstream collaboration in the industry [6] - Current challenges include a lack of significant application scenarios, high technical barriers, and insufficient public understanding of quantum technology [7] - The industry is seen as a forward-looking sector, with a focus on establishing a solid innovation system and technological foundation for future opportunities [7] Investment Perspective - From an investment standpoint, it is crucial to recognize the current maturity level and engineering stage of quantum technology, as significant scientific challenges remain before practical applications can be realized [11] - The industry chain needs to be enhanced, particularly in core materials and high-end equipment [8] - There is a structural gap in funding and talent, requiring professionals who understand both physics and engineering applications [9] - The competitive landscape includes intense international competition and the need for establishing standards and discourse power in quantum technology [10]

Core Insights - The recent press conference by the National Development and Reform Commission indicates a shift in the engine of China's economic development [1] - Emerging fields such as quantum technology, brain-computer interfaces, and nuclear fusion energy are identified as "new economic growth points," emphasizing their transformation into economic benefits [3][5] - The inclusion of hydrogen energy and nuclear fusion energy in the latest recommendations signals their critical roles in energy transition [10] Quantum Technology - Hefei ranks second globally in quantum industry, with three-quarters of leading companies located there, supported by the University of Science and Technology of China [7] - Key applications for quantum computing include financial modeling, drug development, and materials design, with Beijing and Shanghai focusing on practical applications [9] - Beijing aims for a complete industrial chain in hydrogen energy, while Shanghai leads in practical applications with significant data on fuel cell vehicles [11] Hydrogen Energy - Hydrogen energy is positioned as a future clean energy source, though its technology is not fully mature, presenting challenges for large-scale application [10] - Beijing's strategy involves a comprehensive approach to the hydrogen industry, while Shanghai demonstrates practical applications with substantial mileage data [11] - Cities like Guangzhou and Shenzhen are also making significant investments and advancements in hydrogen energy projects [11] Brain-Computer Interfaces - Brain-computer interface technology has rapidly developed, with Shanghai covering all technical routes and Beijing focusing on non-invasive applications [12][13] - Shenzhen is targeting commercial applications, with major companies planning to launch multiple application scenarios by 2026 [13] - The overall market for brain-computer interfaces remains in its early stages, with uncertain future developments [13] Humanoid Robots - The development of humanoid robots in China has gained attention, with significant contributions from institutions like Tsinghua University and Peking University [14] - Shenzhen leads in the number of industry chain enterprises, with a total output value of 170 billion yuan, while Shanghai aims to create a complete ecosystem for humanoid robots [14] - The success of companies like the one in Hangzhou is attributed to long-term technological accumulation [14] 6G Technology - Although not yet commercialized, countries are actively laying the groundwork for 6G technology, with Beijing focusing on standardization and Shenzhen on practical applications [15] - Nanjing's achievements in terahertz communication demonstrate significant technological capabilities [15] - Cities like Chengdu and Wuhan are developing 6G technology but lag behind Beijing and Shanghai [15] Interconnected Technologies - Technologies such as quantum technology, bio-manufacturing, hydrogen and nuclear fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, and 6G are interconnected, forming the underlying logic of future economies [16] - Cities that strategically invest in these fields are positioned to become leaders in the next era of competition [16][17]