从企业国家分布看，欧盟有量子企业230余家，占比29%，其中德国量子企业数量超过70家。美国量子企业数量210余家，占比26%。我 国有量子企业140余家，占比17%。此外，英国、加拿大、日韩和印度等也有较多量子企业。从技术领域分布看，欧美量子计算产业生态 聚集度高，相关企业数量是我国的近6倍。量子通信领域我国企业数量领先，量子测量领域则是美国领先，PQC多为初创企业和信息安全 领域企业新增布局，我国企业数量相较欧美仍有一定差距。 当前，全球已有11家量子企业登陆资本市场，其中加拿大4家、中美各有3家。量子上市企业平均市值达到29亿美元，较去年有大幅提 升，显示资本市场认可度。美国量子上市企业平均市值达到67亿美元，远高于其他国家和地区。截至2025年8月，美国IonQ以133亿美元 市值，成为全球首家市值超百亿美元的量子企业。2025年上半年IonO密集开展资本市场运作，收购了OxfordIonics、IDQ等5家量子领域 知名企业，进一步扩展多领域业务能力。 未登陆资本市场的量子独角兽企业有12家。包括10家量子计算企业和，以及1家量子通信和1家量子测量企业。从地区分别来看，美国占5 家、中国4家，加拿大 ...

Core Insights - Quantum computing has entered a new era since Google's demonstration with a 53-Qubit quantum computer in 2019, proving its capability to solve problems that traditional computers cannot handle efficiently [1][2] - The global quantum computing market is currently dominated by North America, which holds a 43.86% market share, with major players including Microsoft and Google [2][4] - China has made significant strides in quantum computing since the establishment of its first research group in 2003, achieving a historic leap from following to leading in certain areas of quantum technology [1][10] Group 1: North American Market Leadership - North America leads the global quantum computing market with a 43.86% share, featuring companies like Microsoft and Google, which have different technological approaches [2][4] - Microsoft’s Majorana 1 focuses on topological qubits for stability, while Google’s Willow emphasizes computational performance and error correction [4][6] - The scalability of Microsoft's Majorana 1 is theoretically up to 1 million qubits, while Google's current capability reaches 105 qubits [6] Group 2: China's Policy and Development - China’s quantum computing journey began in 2003, with significant policy support starting from the 2016 "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan," which included quantum computing as a major project [8][10] - The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" further emphasizes quantum computing as a strategic development area, showcasing China's commitment to advancing in this field [8][10] - China has demonstrated superiority in superconducting and photonic quantum technologies, with prototypes like "Zuchongzhi" and "Jiuzhang" leading in performance [9][10] Group 3: Early Stage of Global Quantum Applications - Quantum computing applications are still in the early stages across various sectors, including healthcare, automotive, BFSI, chemicals, manufacturing, and energy [13] - The global quantum computing market is projected to grow from $116.01 billion in 2024 to $1,262.07 billion by 2032, with a CAGR of 34.8% [13] - Despite the promising growth, current hardware and software capabilities are still developing, indicating that the industry is on the verge of rapid advancement [13]

Group 1 - The 2025 World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC) featured extensive discussions on the intersection of quantum computing and artificial intelligence (AI) [1] - Experts believe that quantum computing can address certain AI challenges and may accelerate tasks related to recognition and language models under specific conditions [1][2] - Companies like Bosi Quantum and Turing Quantum are actively exploring market applications in various fields, including finance, communication, life sciences, AI, and energy [2] Group 2 - Bosi Quantum has completed six rounds of financing and aims to commercialize specialized quantum computers within 3 to 5 years, with ongoing collaborations in life sciences and finance [2] - Turing Quantum, established in 2021, has completed five rounds of financing, with the latest round raising hundreds of millions for photon chip development [2] - China Mobile has been investing in quantum technology since 2019 and is focusing on integrating quantum technology with AI, aiming to create replicable and scalable applications in various sectors [3] Group 3 - Currently, four quantum computers have claimed quantum supremacy, including China's Jiuzhang and the superconducting quantum computer Zuchongzhi series [3] - The industry anticipates significant advancements in quantum computing, with expectations to resolve error correction issues within 5 to 10 years and develop fault-tolerant universal quantum computers by 2035 or 2040 [4] - NVIDIA's CEO has indicated that the quantum computing field is at a historic turning point, predicting that future supercomputers will integrate quantum processing units (QPU) alongside GPUs [4]

Core Viewpoint - Europe is at risk of falling behind in the quantum technology race, similar to its experience in artificial intelligence, as it struggles to convert research into market opportunities and attract significant investment compared to the US and China [1][2][4]. Investment Landscape - The EU has only attracted 5% of global private quantum technology funding, while the US and China have secured over 50% and 40% respectively [1]. - The EU has committed €11 billion to quantum technology, but there is a need for better resource integration to enhance impact [5]. Commercialization Challenges - Europe leads in scientific publications in quantum technology but ranks third in patent applications, trailing behind the US and China [1]. - Companies in Europe face difficulties in scaling due to a lack of sufficient support and venture capital [4][5]. Strategic Initiatives - The EU's strategy includes launching two major challenges between 2025 and 2027, focusing on quantum computing and quantum navigation systems [7]. - The EU plans to support innovation-oriented procurement to help companies commercialize technology, although specific implementation details are lacking [7]. Regulatory Environment - There is a debate on whether Europe will allow the quantum industry to develop freely, given the sensitivity of quantum technology related to national security [2]. - Industry leaders caution against premature regulation, referencing the EU's previous regulatory approach to artificial intelligence as a potential misstep [7].

Core Insights - The article highlights the achievements of Pan Jianwei, a leading figure in China's quantum technology, who has spearheaded significant advancements in the field, including the development of quantum satellites and secure communication systems [1][6]. Group 1: Achievements in Quantum Technology - Pan Jianwei's team is developing the world's first medium-high orbit quantum satellite, which can establish quantum key distribution between distant locations, enhancing national information security [1]. - The successful launch of the world's first quantum science experimental satellite, "Mozi," in 2016 marked China's leadership in global quantum communication research [4]. - The completion of the quantum "Beijing-Shanghai Line" provides unconditional security for financial and governmental communications, establishing a "shield" for information security [6]. Group 2: Educational and Research Contributions - Pan Jianwei returned to China after studying in Europe, motivated to establish a world-class laboratory in quantum optics and information, reflecting a commitment to national scientific advancement [2][3]. - The return of overseas students, inspired by Pan Jianwei, contributed to the establishment of a robust quantum technology research environment in China [4][3]. - The focus on nurturing innovative talent is seen as essential for maintaining competitive advantage in the quantum technology sector [6][7]. Group 3: Future Directions - The team is currently working on the "Jiuzhang 4" and "Zuchongzhi 4" quantum computing prototypes, with plans to launch multiple quantum micro-nano satellites for practical applications [6]. - The ambition is to elevate China's quantum technology to compete with the United States and Europe, contributing to national technological self-reliance [7].

Group 1 - The importance of technology innovation and talent in achieving national strength and independence is emphasized, with a focus on high-level innovative talent as the core resource for technological advancement [1][2] - The Chinese government has implemented various reform plans to enhance the technology system, including the establishment of a Science and Technology Committee and the restructuring of the Ministry of Science and Technology to promote systematic and holistic reforms [2][3] - Significant breakthroughs in basic and frontier research have been achieved, including the discovery of thousands of pulsars by the FAST telescope and advancements in nuclear fusion technology, indicating a strong trajectory in scientific research and innovation [2][3] Group 2 - Strategic high-tech fields are experiencing new advancements, with initiatives such as deep-earth exploration and deep-sea research, showcasing China's commitment to exploring new frontiers in science and technology [3] - Emerging industries like integrated circuits, advanced materials, and artificial intelligence are thriving, contributing to high-quality development and activating new growth drivers in the economy [3] - The collective efforts of technology workers are directed towards the ambitious goal of building a technologically strong nation, reflecting a sense of urgency and commitment to innovation [3]

【文/观察者网 刘程辉】量子计算是大国科技竞争的焦点之一。随着中国在该领域不断取得突破，微软 总裁布拉德·史密斯（Brad Smith）4月28日撰文称，美国在量子计算机研发竞赛中绝不能落后于中国。 他建议美国政府扩大量子人才培养通道，为这类人才加快移民审批程序，并通过政府采购建立覆盖量子 计算关键部件的美国本土供应链。 据美国消费者新闻与商业频道（CNBC）报道，史密斯在文章中强调，美国总统特朗普及其政府需要将 量子研究的资金投入列为优先事项，否则中国可能会超越美国，危及美国的经济竞争力和安全。 "虽然大多数人认为美国仍处于领先地位，但我们不能排除出现战略意外的可能性，也不能排除中国可 能已经与美国不相上下的可能性。" "简而言之，美国绝不能落后，更输不起整场竞争。"史密斯写道。 他呼吁特朗普政府增加对量子研究的资金投入，更新《国家量子计划法案》，并扩大美国国防高级研究 计划局（DARPA）的量子计算机测试项目。 他还建议白宫扩大量子研究所需的数理人才培养通道，为拥有量子技能的博士加快移民审批，并通过政 府采购建立覆盖量子计算关键部件的美国本土供应链。 CNBC认为，微软此番表态折射出量子计算研究正成为科技 ...