Workflow
生物世界
icon
Search documents
Science:暴饮暴食不是你的错!华人团队揭示大脑调控进食的关键机制,为肥胖治疗打开新大门
生物世界· 2025-06-08 03:18
撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 全世界范围内,肥胖的发病率激增。《 柳叶刀 》2025 年 3 月发布的最新数据显示,在 2021 年,全球有 21.1 亿成年人和 4.93 亿儿童和青少年受到超重或肥胖的影响,照此趋势,到 2050 年,将有 60% 的成 年人 (约38亿) 以及 31% 的儿童和青少年 (约7.5亿) 面临超重和肥胖问题。 这些数据凸显了立即采 取行动以防止人类面临的前所未有的超重和肥胖问题的必要性。 近年来,司美格鲁肽、替尔泊肽等 GLP-1 类减肥药的流行,为控制肥胖流行带来了强大武器。而一项最新 研究显示, 大脑神经元中的一个微小天线状结构中有着一条此前未知的信号通路,其在控制食欲方面发挥 着关键作用,从而为 抗肥胖治疗开辟了新途径。 2025 年 6 月 5 日,德克萨斯大学西南医学中心 张召 团队 ( 寻禹 、 蒋怡翱 为共同第一作者) 在国际顶 尖学术期刊 Science 上发表了题为: GPR45 modulates Gα S at primary cilia of the paraventricular hypothalamus to control food i ...
北京大学发表最新Science论文
生物世界· 2025-06-08 00:30
撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 神经化学信号,包括神经递质、神经调质和细胞内信号分子,在介导各种大脑功能的网络中动态调节,并对神经疾病产生影响。 多巴胺 (DA) 是最重要的神经 调质之一,它与乙酰胆碱 (ACh) 等其他神经调质以及 cAMP、Ca 2+ 等细胞内信号之间有着错综复杂的相互作用。解读这些神经化学信号网络对于理解行为及 其相关障碍背后的神经机制至关重要。然而,目前的基因编码探针仅限于绿色和红色光谱,这阻碍了对多种神经化学信号进行实时同步检测。因此,迫切需要扩 大神经 调质探针的光谱范围,使其涵盖远红光和近红外 (NIR) 波长 (波长大于 650 nm)。 202 5 年 6 月 5 日,北京大学 李毓龙 团队 在国际顶尖学术期刊 Science 上 发表了题为: In vivo multiplex imaging of dynamic neurochemical networks with designed far-red dopamine sensors 的研究论文。 该研究开发了一种名为 HaloDA1.0 的基因编码多巴胺荧光探针,其工作在远红光谱范围内,能够与现有的绿色和红色 ...
浙江大学发表最新Science论文
生物世界· 2025-06-07 06:00
碳 (C) 和 氮 (N) 是全球生物地球化学循环中的核心元素。为了有效管理中国的碳和氮,研究团队开发了一个综合模型,用于量化碳和氮的通量,并研究它 们在 16 个人类和自然子系统中的相互作用。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 人类的活动极大地扰乱了地球的 碳循环 和 氮循环 ,带来了明显的生态后果。成功地加以管理以将这些影响降至最低,对于维护环境网络和人类社会的可持续性 至关重要。 2025 年 6 月 5 日,浙江大学环境与资源学院 谷保静 教授团队在国际顶尖学术期刊 Science 上发表了题为: Integrated carbon and nitrogen management for cost-effective environmental policies in China 的研究论文。 该研究开发了一个综合模型, 用于量化碳和氮的通量及其相互作用,通过以综合方式共同管理它们,与分别处理相比,可以以更低的减排成本实现碳和氮的大幅 减少,并带来更大的社会效益。 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ads4105 设置 星标 ,不错过精彩推文 ...
Cell:粪菌移植的安全性受质疑,或产生长期、意料之外的负面健康后果
生物世界· 2025-06-07 01:40
撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 粪菌移植 (FMT) 是一种日益常用的干预手段,通过将 健康人粪便中的微生物移植到病人体内, 以期恢复其肠道菌群的健康平衡。然而,粪便中的微生物主要 是来自结肠 (大肠的一部分) 的 厌氧微生物,这些微生物在 小肠或消化系统的其他部位定植时,可能会导致 肠道生态系统失衡。 实际上,美国 FDA 已经批准了粪菌移植 (FMT) 用于治疗复发性艰难梭菌感染,但其在其他疾病 (包括肥胖症、自闭症、癌症和炎症性肠病) 中的作用机 制、疗效以及脱靶效应仍不清楚。有报道显示,接受 FMT 的患者曾出现过肠胃不适、败血症以及代谢问题 (例如体重增加、溃疡性结肠炎病情加重等) 。 在这项最新研究中,研究团队在接受通过上消化道内镜进行粪菌移植的人类受试者中,观察到在 4 周后十二指肠内厌氧菌定植。研究团队推测,经过口腔的粪菌 移植 (FMT) 会造成宿主-微生物不匹配,从而影响小肠稳态。 为了验证这一点,研究团队给经过抗生素处理的无特定病原体 (SPF) 小鼠分别移植 空肠菌移植 ( JMT ) 、 盲肠菌移植 ( CMT ) 或 粪菌移植 ( FMT ) ,并在 1 个月或 3 个月后 ...
Nature Cancer:陈萦晅/房静远团队揭示tRNA修饰促进结直肠癌的新机制
生物世界· 2025-06-07 01:40
编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 结直肠癌 (Colorectal Cancer,CRC) 是全世界范围内发病人数第三的癌症 (近 200 万人,仅次于 肺癌 和 乳腺癌 ) ,死亡人数第二的癌症 (近 100 万 人,仅次于 肺癌 ) , 结直肠癌在早期通常无症状,因此,诊断出来时往往已是晚期,因此需要手术、放疗和化疗等积极治疗。 然而,这些治疗方法也有局限性——手术复发率高,放 疗可引起严重并发症,化疗常导致耐药,约 50% 的患者会出现复发。此外,近 30 年来,50 岁以下的年轻人群中结直肠癌的发病率一直在上升。这使得结直肠 癌成为重大的公共卫生和社会经济问题。 该研究发现, TRMT6 介导的 tRNA 的 N1-甲基腺苷 (m 1 A) 修饰,作为组蛋白合成的 翻译检查点 ,促进结直肠癌发生发展。这一发现为深入理解结直肠癌 进程的分子机制提供了新视角。 在这项最新研究中,研究团队发现, 转运RNA (tRNA) 的 N1-甲基腺苷 (m 1 A) 甲基转移酶 TRMT6 在人类结直肠癌 (CRC) 组织中表达上调,并且 TRMT6 的高表达与结直肠癌患者的不良预后相关。 研究团队利用原位、转移和条件性基 ...
复旦大学发表最新Science论文:有望让盲人重获光明,还能解锁红外夜视超能力
生物世界· 2025-06-07 01:40
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the development of a groundbreaking retinal prosthesis that can restore vision in blind models and enable infrared vision, potentially benefiting patients with severe eye diseases like macular degeneration [3][9]. Group 1: Research Development - A collaborative research team from Fudan University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed the world's first retinal prosthesis with a broad spectral range (470-1550nm), allowing for both visible and near-infrared vision [3][5]. - The new retinal nanoprothesis utilizes a Tellurium Nanowire Network (TeNWN) to efficiently convert a wide spectrum of light into photovoltaic signals, generating significant photocurrent without the need for external devices [5][6]. Group 2: Performance and Testing - In animal models, the implanted retinal nanoprothesis replaced damaged photoreceptor cells, converting light signals into electrical signals, which activated surviving retinal neurons, leading to improved light-induced pupil responses and learning behaviors [6][7]. - The prosthesis not only restores visible light vision but also allows users to perceive infrared light, accurately locating infrared sources at 940nm and 1550nm [7][9]. Group 3: Future Implications - This successful animal study paves the way for future human trials, demonstrating the potential of the retinal nanoprothesis to restore vision in blind individuals and enhance infrared light perception, with advantages over existing technologies in terms of safety, efficacy, and spectral range [9].
一场100%聚焦类器官的千人盛会,30余大咖授课话题曝光丨报名即将截止
生物世界· 2025-06-06 07:58
OTC2025: 产学研医共促类器官技术突破 类器官技术正在快速发展,并逐步进入临床试验阶段。虽然仍面临挑战,但随着生物工程、人工智能和细 胞培养技术的进步,类器官有望成为精准医疗和再生医学的核心工具,为人类健康带来革命性突破。值此 之际, OTC2025 类器官前沿应用与 3D 培养论坛 重磅来袭:围绕 类器官与疾病建模、 3D 细胞培养、 AI+ 器官芯片推进新药研发、类器官培养及质量控制 等角度展开深度探讨。 论坛名称 : OTC2025 类器官前沿应用与 3D 培养论坛 02 为何举办OTC2025 1 利用 AI 分析类器官大规模数据 ,加速个性化药物筛选疾病建模; 2 开发 自动化培养系统 ,提高类器官生产效率,降低成本; 3 结合 3D 生物打印和微流控技术,增加类器官的细胞类型和结构复杂度,以更好地模拟人体微环境; 4 研究如何引入血管系统和免疫细胞,增强类器官的功能性; 5 研发临床级培养基和支架材料,减少批次间差异; 6 建立类器官生物库,为临床应用提供稳定的细胞来源。 举办地点 :上海 论坛规模 : 50 余授课嘉宾, 800 余参会嘉宾 主办单位 :上海傲顺医药、上海佰傲泰医药科技、药 ...
Science重磅:华人团队破解类器官关键难题,培养出具有逼真血管网络的心脏和肝脏类器官
生物世界· 2025-06-06 07:58
Core Viewpoint - The recent research from Stanford University introduces a method to cultivate vascularized cardiac and hepatic organoids from human pluripotent stem cells, overcoming significant limitations in organoid development and enhancing their utility as biological models for studying organ development and drug exposure effects [2][3]. Group 1: Research Background - The field of organoid research began in 2009 with the creation of the first intestinal organoid from adult stem cells, leading to advancements in various organoid types for studying diseases and drug development [1]. - A persistent challenge in organoid research is their small size and lack of a vascular system, which limits their growth and viability beyond a certain diameter [1]. Group 2: Research Methodology - The research team developed a method to cultivate vascularized cardiac organoids capable of growing larger and reaching more mature stages, making them more practical for biological modeling [3][5]. - They optimized a culture formula combining 34 different conditions to generate cardiac organoids containing key cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells [6][7]. Group 3: Key Findings - The optimal culture condition (Condition 32) produced vibrant cardiac organoids with a significant presence of the three key cell types [7][9]. - The vascularized cardiac organoids exhibited a structure resembling capillaries, with diameters of 10-100 micrometers, similar to human hair width [10]. - Analysis revealed that these organoids encompass 15-17 different cell types, comparable to those found in a six-week-old human embryonic heart [11]. Group 4: Implications and Future Directions - The research indicates that these vascularized organoids can serve as models for studying early human development and drug effects, with initial tests showing increased vascularization in response to opioid exposure [12]. - The study confirmed that vascular formation in different organ systems follows a conserved developmental program, suggesting the potential to cultivate other vascularized organoids, such as hepatic organoids with complex vascular networks [13][14]. - Future plans include extending the development time of these organoids and optimizing the culture conditions to generate additional cell types, aiming to better mimic adult organ composition [16].
Immunity:细菌抗肿瘤免疫疗法有益和有害作用的细胞机制
生物世界· 2025-06-06 03:18
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the cellular mechanisms underlying the beneficial and detrimental effects of bacterial antitumor immunotherapy, highlighting the importance of injection timing in maximizing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing tumor promotion risks [3][10]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study utilized a non-tumor antigen expressing attenuated strain of Listeria (ΔactA, Lm) to explore immune responses in tumor-bearing mice after different injection methods [5]. - Intratumoral injection (i.t.) of Lm alone recruits neutrophils that convert to an immunosuppressive phenotype, creating an immune escape microenvironment that promotes tumor growth [6]. - Conversely, intravenous injection (i.v.) induces the production of anti-Lm cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, which infiltrate the tumor upon subsequent intratumoral injection, leading to tumor suppression through apoptosis induction and enhanced antigen presentation [7][8]. Group 2: Implications of Injection Timing - The study emphasizes the significance of injection timing, suggesting that prior intravenous injection activates systemic T cells, establishing an immune foundation for subsequent intratumoral injection, thus avoiding the immunosuppressive effects associated with intratumoral injection alone [10].
院士团队信赖,顶刊力证:看XAFS技术解码纳米生物材料,助力医学突破!
生物世界· 2025-06-06 03:18
Group 1 - The article discusses the significance of X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) technology in analyzing the structure of nanobiomaterials, highlighting its sensitivity to local electronic structure and chemical environment of central absorbing atoms [3][6]. - XAFS technology is divided into two regions: X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) for qualitative analysis of oxidation states and coordination environments, and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) for quantitative analysis of surrounding atoms [3][6]. - Recent advancements in static and dynamic XAFS testing have enhanced the understanding of interactions between nanomaterials and biological systems, aiding in the development of high-performance nanobiomaterials [6]. Group 2 - A case study from Nature Nanotechnology illustrates the use of XAFS in characterizing a novel copper indium phosphorus sulfide (CIPS) nanomaterial that effectively binds to various SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, providing a new strategy for broad-spectrum antiviral drug development [10][11]. - Another study in Nature Nanotechnology employs XAFS to investigate the MoS2 nanomaterial, revealing how its "nanoprotein crown" mediates its accumulation in liver and spleen cells, thus contributing to the understanding of nanomaterial-biology interface [16]. - Research published in Nature Communications demonstrates the application of XAFS in studying biogenic ferritin as a natural nanoenzyme for superoxide radical scavenging, highlighting the differences in catalytic activity based on iron/phosphorus ratios [21]. Group 3 - The article mentions the development of a high-load, high-activity iron single-atom catalyst (h3-FNCs) through zinc-iron exchange, showcasing its potential in catalyzing oxygen reduction and promoting wound healing [25]. - The TableXAFS instrument developed by Chuangpu Instrument is highlighted as a breakthrough in XAFS testing, allowing researchers to conduct experiments in the lab without relying on synchrotron radiation sources, thus expanding accessibility to high-quality experimental data [27][28].