"因为硫酸盐严重不足，犹如燃料短缺，'发电厂'无法正常工作，甲烷只能进入海水中。"项目负责人、 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所研究员张一歌解释，"这时候，另一类喜欢氧气的细菌开始快速'燃 烧'甲烷，就像高温燃烧释放大量废气一样。" 研究团队通过检测一种特殊的分子痕迹，成功复原了5600万年前的甲烷氧化过程。这些分子痕迹就像古 代细菌留下的"身份证"，显示在PETM事件后期，进行"快速燃烧"的甲烷分解细菌活动显著增强并达到 高峰。 5600万年前的极热事件时，北极海洋是如何加剧全球变暖的？9月25日，中国科学院广州地球化学研究 所与国际合作团队在国际学术期刊《自然·地球科学》上刊发论文揭示了此谜底：海洋硫酸盐浓度的微 妙变化，能够改变甲烷的消耗方式，就像一个"化学开关"，引起了全球气候变化。 甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的第二大温室气体，而大量的甲烷以水合物"可燃冰"的形式储藏在海底。近年研 究发现，绝大部分海底释放的甲烷都会快速溶解在海水中，然后被各种微生物"消化"掉，很少能直接进 入大气。甲烷被"消化"的方式不同，对海洋和气候的影响也截然不同。 现代海洋中，约90%的甲烷会被沉积物中的微生物在无氧条件下利用，即以硫酸 ...

5600万年前的极热事件时，北极海洋是如何加剧全球变暖的？9月25日，中国科学院广州地球化学 研究所与国际合作团队在国际学术期刊《自然·地球科学》上刊发论文揭示了此谜底：海洋硫酸盐浓度 的微妙变化，能够改变甲烷的消耗方式，就像一个"化学开关"，引起了全球气候变化。 "因为硫酸盐严重不足，犹如燃料短缺，'发电厂'无法正常工作，甲烷只能进入海水中。"项目负责 人、中国科学院广州地球化学研究所研究员张一歌解释，"这时候，另一类喜欢氧气的细菌开始快速'燃 烧'甲烷，就像高温燃烧释放大量废气一样。" 研究团队通过检测一种特殊的分子痕迹，成功复原了5600万年前的甲烷氧化过程。这些分子痕迹就 像古代细菌留下的"身份证"，显示在PETM事件后期，进行"快速燃烧"的甲烷分解细菌活动显著增强并 达到高峰。 "通过读取这些'身份证'，我们可以准确知道当时哪类微生物在工作，是慢燃发电还是快速燃烧， 工作强度有多大。"论文第一作者金泛寿博士说。 PETM 时期北极海洋甲烷氧化路径转变概念图。研究团队供图 研究发现，这一时期北极海水中CO2的浓度水平比全球平均值高200-700ppm，说明北极海洋从原本 吸收二氧化碳的"海绵"变成了排 ...

Core Insights - Extreme weather is becoming a new economic variable, with 2024 projected to be the first year to exceed the 1.5℃ target set by the Paris Agreement [1][6] - Human activities are directly linked to the significant rise in carbon dioxide concentrations and climate warming over the past century, necessitating stronger emission reduction measures to meet climate goals [3][6] Group 1: Climate Change and Human Activity - The rapid increase in carbon dioxide levels over the last century is unprecedented in Earth's history, confirming a direct correlation with human activities [3][4] - Distinguishing between natural climate variability and human-induced changes is crucial for accurate climate assessments and effective policy decisions [5][6] Group 2: Impact on Industries - The energy sector is most affected by climate change, with fossil fuel combustion accounting for over 80% of total carbon emissions, driving a shift towards clean energy [8][9] - Other sectors like transportation, retail, and manufacturing are also significantly impacted, particularly by extreme weather events that alter demand patterns [9][10] Group 3: Risk Management and Opportunities - Companies can mitigate risks from climate change by transitioning to clean energy and utilizing weather forecasts to adjust production and supply chain strategies [10][12] - Enhanced weather prediction capabilities are essential for industries to anticipate extreme weather and optimize resource allocation [10][12] Group 4: Technological Advancements - Key technological developments in monitoring and forecasting are necessary to accurately assess atmospheric carbon levels and predict extreme weather events [11][12] - Improved forecasting for renewable energy sources like solar and wind is critical for optimizing energy production and usage [13]

Group 1 - Extreme weather is becoming a new economic variable, with 2024 projected to be the first year to exceed the 1.5℃ target set by the Paris Agreement [1] - The energy sector is the most directly impacted by climate change, as fossil fuel combustion accounts for over 80% of total carbon emissions, prompting a shift towards clean energy [8][9] - The retail and manufacturing sectors are also significantly affected, particularly due to increased demand for cooling products in response to extreme heat [9] Group 2 - Effective risk management strategies for energy companies include accelerating the transition to clean energy to mitigate climate change impacts and reduce their own emissions [10] - For retail and manufacturing sectors, accurately predicting extreme weather can create opportunities, such as preemptively adjusting production and supply chains based on weather forecasts [10] - The development of monitoring and forecasting technologies is crucial for accurately assessing carbon levels and predicting extreme weather events, which is vital for the clean energy sector [12][13]

Group 1 - The European Patent Office recently held the 2025 "Young Inventors Award" ceremony, recognizing ten global innovators or teams, including a team from China led by Wenrou Jia and her partner Alisa Fredriksson [1] - The award targets innovators or teams aged 30 and below, aiming to honor contributions towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals [1] - This year's winners proposed innovative solutions in various fields such as electronic waste, rare element recycling, aviation, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, carbon capture, food safety, and environmental protection [1] Group 2 - Wenrou Jia and Alisa Fredriksson's team developed a carbon capture system for ships, which can capture CO2 from exhaust gases and convert it into solid limestone for storage [1][2] - The shipping industry is a major source of global carbon emissions, facing challenges such as high costs and inefficiencies in retrofitting existing vessels [1] - The designed system allows for CO2 to be solidified and transported like regular cargo, simplifying unloading and processing without the need for complex port facilities [2] Group 3 - The modular design of the system facilitates installation on existing ships, avoiding high replacement costs and providing a scalable solution for emissions reduction in the shipping industry [2] - The system has been tested on a commercial cargo ship, successfully capturing 78% of CO2 and 90% of sulfur emissions, attracting interest from several international shipping companies [2] - The solidified CO2 can be utilized in the construction materials market or sent to specialized facilities for carbon recycling, contributing to a true carbon cycle [2] Group 4 - Wenrou Jia emphasized the importance of sustainable development for future generations and the role of technology in driving positive change [2] - She highlighted the collaborative potential between China and Europe in addressing global challenges, noting that both regions possess complementary strengths in manufacturing and technology ecosystems [2]

碳 （C） 和 氮 （N） 是全球生物地球化学循环中的核心元素。为了有效管理中国的碳和氮，研究团队开发了一个综合模型，用于量化碳和氮的通量，并研究它 们在 16 个人类和自然子系统中的相互作用。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 人类的活动极大地扰乱了地球的 碳循环 和 氮循环 ，带来了明显的生态后果。成功地加以管理以将这些影响降至最低，对于维护环境网络和人类社会的可持续性 至关重要。 2025 年 6 月 5 日，浙江大学环境与资源学院 谷保静 教授团队在国际顶尖学术期刊 Science 上发表了题为： Integrated carbon and nitrogen management for cost-effective environmental policies in China 的研究论文。 该研究开发了一个综合模型， 用于量化碳和氮的通量及其相互作用，通过以综合方式共同管理它们，与分别处理相比，可以以更低的减排成本实现碳和氮的大幅 减少，并带来更大的社会效益。 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ads4105 设置 星标 ，不错过精彩推文 ...