近年来， 连续体机器人 凭借其高柔顺性、灵活运动能力及轻量化和小型化结构，在医疗、工业检测、人机交 互等领域展现出巨大应用潜力。然而， 如何实现精准的路径跟踪仍是各类应用普遍面临的关键技术难题。 目前， 主流的路径跟踪方法依赖于逆运动学求解 ，即通过数学模型求解末端执行器期望运动路径下驱动器的 对应运动路径，并寻找多解以避开环境障碍物碰撞。然而，和刚性机械臂不同的是，连续体机器人多采用分段 等曲率模型，该模型缺乏逆运动学求解理论，传统数值方法依赖初值，也难以找到多解。部分研究采用模型预 测控制（ MPC），通过在线优化调整控制策略，但 该方法无法保证全局最优性。 受刚性机械臂研究的启发， 有学者提出在执行器空间规划全局最优轨迹，作为前馈控制信号以提高跟踪精 度。 然而，连续体机器人的高度非线性特性使得其任务空间、配置空间和执行器空间之间的映射关系更为复 杂。 数值逆运动学算法通常只能提供单一解，且对初始值敏感，难以满足全局轨迹优化的需求。 因此，如何突破逆运动学求解的局限性，发展高效、多解、不依赖初始值的解算和规划方法，是提升连续体机 器人路径跟踪性能的关键。 ▍提出最优路径跟踪框架，实现运动控制突破性优化 ...

Core Viewpoint - Zhejiang Huandong Robot Joint Technology Co., Ltd. (Huandong Technology) is a leading company in the domestic RV reducer market, currently preparing for its IPO on the Sci-Tech Innovation Board, with significant attention from the media regarding its upcoming listing [1][5]. Market Position and Growth - Huandong's RV reducer market share in China increased from 10.11% in 2021 to 24.98% in 2024, surpassing international competitors and significantly reducing Nabtesco's share from 51.77% to 33.79% [2]. - The company has developed over 40 types of RV reducers, covering load requirements from 3 to 1000 KG, with its heavy-duty industrial robot RV reducer recognized in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology's list of major technical equipment [7]. Technological Advancements - Huandong Technology has made significant breakthroughs in design theory, precision grinding technology, and high-precision assembly, filling gaps in the domestic high-end reducer market [4]. - The company has collaborated with various research institutions and universities, leading to a 33.70% compound annual growth rate in R&D investment over the past three years, with R&D personnel accounting for 16.45% of its workforce by 2024 [9]. Challenges Ahead - Despite its advancements, Huandong faces challenges in retaining talent and securing continuous R&D investment, as many resources have shifted towards emerging fields like humanoid robots [7][10]. - The company is still in a catch-up phase regarding core components, primarily aligning its products with international standards set by leading companies [10]. Future Prospects - Huandong plans to raise 1.408 billion yuan for three major projects, with 1.1 billion yuan allocated for building an intelligent manufacturing base for precision reducers, which will increase production capacity to 320,000 units per year [15]. - If the domestic market's localization rate reaches 60%, Huandong's revenue could exceed 2 billion yuan, positioning it among the top three global RV reducer manufacturers [15].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant achievement of Tongji University's embodied intelligence team in the 2025 Zhangjiang Embodied Intelligence Developer Conference and International Humanoid Robot Skills Competition, where they set a record of 4 minutes and 14 seconds in the box loading and unloading task, showcasing the practical application of embodied intelligence technology in industrial settings [1][14]. Group 1: Technical Achievements - The team achieved a positioning accuracy of ±0.2mm using Intel RealSense D435 depth camera combined with visual SLAM algorithms, demonstrating the feasibility of robots replacing humans in high-repetition, harsh industrial environments [2]. - The robot's design includes a 7-degree-of-freedom humanoid arm that mimics human arm joint structures, allowing for complex posture adjustments in confined spaces [2]. - The team improved task deployment efficiency by 60% through an AI-driven autonomous learning system [2]. Group 2: System Design and Collaboration - The dual-arm robot system expands the capabilities of industrial robots, with an 800mm lift column design that allows a working range of 200-2000mm, addressing the need for space utilization in factories [4]. - The left arm is responsible for identifying and placing parts, while the right arm transports them to the target box, with future research focusing on communication mechanisms for parallel scheduling to enhance overall efficiency [4][6]. - The perception system integrates a global vision system and multiple depth cameras, enabling dynamic obstacle avoidance and safe operation in unstructured environments [6]. Group 3: Real-World Application and Challenges - The team conducted real-world tests in collaboration with factories, overcoming challenges such as operating in confined spaces and dynamic lighting conditions [7][8]. - They utilized precise 3D environmental modeling to identify potential obstacles and set virtual safety boundaries, ensuring safe and reliable task execution in crowded environments [8]. - To address lighting variability, the team implemented hardware solutions like integrated compensatory light sources and software improvements for robust visual perception [8]. Group 4: Future Outlook - The team aims to achieve breakthroughs in three technical areas over the next 3-5 years: enhancing multi-modal perception, establishing high-fidelity industrial digital twin environments, and developing safe human-robot collaboration frameworks [12][13]. - The core challenges in industrial manufacturing include the constraints of dynamic, unstructured environments and the need for robust multi-modal perception and real-time decision-making [13]. - Opportunities lie in creating value loops that move from traditional automation to global autonomous responses, applicable in flexible assembly quality inspection and dynamic production line optimization [13].

Core Viewpoint - The research team from Northern Arizona University has developed a modular exoskeleton system that is fully open-source, allowing more researchers to participate in this promising field [1][17]. Group 1: Challenges in Exoskeleton Development - Exoskeleton technology has faced high barriers to entry, requiring expertise in multiple disciplines such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, robotics, and biomechanics [4][5]. - Current exoskeleton systems are often specialized for specific applications, limiting their adaptability to new research questions and environments [5]. - The existing systems create technology silos, making it difficult to reproduce research results due to independent software and hardware systems [5]. Group 2: OpenExo's Modular Design - OpenExo addresses these challenges with a modular design, allowing users to easily swap hardware modules and modify configurations without extensive coding or redesign [6][8]. - The system consists of four main components: software system, electronic architecture, hardware interface, and control scheme [8]. - The software is developed using C++ and Arduino, emphasizing modularity and reducing code redundancy [9]. - The electronic architecture is designed to be simple and intuitive, using a single board to control up to four joints, which differs from other open-source projects [9]. - Hardware designs include direct-drive hip joints and Bowden cable-driven ankle joints, all compatible with the same belt interface for quick assembly [10]. Group 3: Performance Validation - The system demonstrates high torque tracking accuracy, with root mean square errors for hip, ankle, and elbow joints being 0.30 Nm, 2.00 Nm, and 0.84 Nm respectively [12]. - Battery tests show that the hip joint configuration can run for 35 minutes, while the ankle configuration lasts 25 minutes, indicating potential for extended use with improved battery capacity [12]. - Real-world tests show that the exoskeleton reduces transportation costs by 8% to 18% in various walking scenarios, highlighting its practical value [13][15]. Group 4: Open Source and Community Engagement - OpenExo's significant contribution lies in its open-source philosophy, providing complete software packages, electrical designs, and hardware instructions [17][18]. - The research team aims to create an open research community, inviting contributions from various disciplines to accelerate exoskeleton technology development [19]. - The unified open-source platform allows for large-scale collaborative research, improving the reproducibility of results across different institutions [20]. Group 5: Future Improvements - The research team acknowledges that battery life remains a key limitation, particularly in high-torque applications, and is exploring ways to enhance battery efficiency [21]. - Continuous optimization of the Python application is planned, with features like deep learning and human-machine collaboration being considered for future updates [21].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the growing importance of embodied intelligence in robotics, highlighting the advancements made by Jicui Intelligent Manufacturing in developing core components and algorithms for collaborative robots, aiming to lead the industry transformation and societal progress through technological breakthroughs [1][25]. Group 1: Self-Developed Core Components - Jicui Intelligent Manufacturing has made significant breakthroughs in core hardware components for collaborative robots, including direct current frameless motors and high-precision dual-magnetic encoders, which enhance performance and reduce production costs [2][4]. - The company has achieved a competitive edge in the market with products like the non-teaching mobile welding robot and multifunctional unmanned vehicles, exporting to 34 countries and securing over 300 million yuan in orders [4] . Group 2: Development of New Algorithms - The company invests heavily in embodied intelligence algorithms, exploring imitation learning, reinforcement learning, and deep learning to enhance robots' autonomous learning and adaptability [5][7]. - Imitation learning allows robots to mimic human actions for tasks like welding and assembly, improving accuracy and efficiency [8]. - Reinforcement learning enables robots to optimize their behavior through trial and error in dynamic environments, enhancing decision-making capabilities [9]. - Deep learning improves robots' perception and recognition abilities, allowing for precise operations in various applications [10]. Group 3: Exploring Collaborative Robotics - Jicui Intelligent Manufacturing focuses on collaborative robots, emphasizing safety and ease of use, achieving international leading standards in precision and usability [12]. - The company's collaborative robots are utilized in various industries, enhancing production efficiency and product quality [12]. Group 4: Innovative Application Scenarios - The company has developed innovative robots for various sectors, including a coffee delivery robot for office buildings and smart cleaning robots for efficient indoor cleaning [15][16]. - In the smart factory sector, the non-teaching welding robot is set to revolutionize traditional welding processes, allowing for automated operations with voice control [20]. - In agriculture, the fruit-picking robot utilizes advanced systems to efficiently harvest fruits, addressing labor-intensive challenges [21]. Group 5: Future Outlook - Jicui Intelligent Manufacturing aims to become a leading international smart manufacturing technology research base, continuously innovating and expanding market reach [25][26]. - The company plans to deepen the application of embodied intelligence technology and collaborate with global research institutions to drive technological advancements [26].

Group 1: Company Developments - Ledong Robotics has submitted its IPO application to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, primarily known for its lidar supply business, with a focus on the lawn mower robot market for new growth opportunities [1] - UBTECH Technology condemned third-party modifications of its robots, highlighting concerns over data security and consumer rights due to unauthorized alterations of its discontinued products [4] - Tesla's CEO Elon Musk announced that the Optimus V3 humanoid robot will integrate the Grok voice assistant, aiming for significant improvements and a public launch in 2026 [6] Group 2: Market Trends and Insights - The lawn mower robot market has low penetration and intense competition, with Ledong Robotics adopting a low-price strategy to capture the low-end market, facing challenges such as brand recognition and limited R&D investment [1] - Haier is developing cost-effective, specialized home robots, predicting that households will have multiple robots integrated into daily life, emphasizing the importance of innovation over price wars in the appliance industry [9] - A report from Maimai Gaohire indicates a dramatic increase in talent demand in the autonomous driving and robotics sectors, with a projected 28-fold increase in job postings by April 2025 compared to January 2024 [13]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant presence and achievements of Efort Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd. at the AUTOMATICA 2025 exhibition in Munich, showcasing its advanced robotic products and solutions, which reflect the strength and innovation of Chinese robotics in the global market [1][22]. Product Showcase - Efort's exhibited products cater to various industries including automotive, electronics, photovoltaics, lithium batteries, metal products, furniture, home appliances, and food and beverage, addressing diverse needs across sectors [2]. - The ER300 series heavy-duty robots were a focal point, known for their high precision, speed, and stability, alongside other products like intelligent spraying and welding workstations, demonstrating Efort's capabilities in intelligent transformation and complex process challenges [2]. International Engagement - During the exhibition, Efort's Chairman and General Manager, Dr. You Wei, engaged in deep discussions with representatives from multiple countries, receiving positive feedback on Efort's global technology integration and innovation strategies [4][5]. - Efort has been pursuing globalization for over a decade, collaborating with prestigious institutions like Carnegie Mellon University and the Polytechnic University of Turin in advanced fields such as machine learning and intelligent perception [11]. Global Expansion Strategy - Since 2015, Efort has embarked on an overseas acquisition strategy, integrating established Italian robotics companies to enhance its technological foundation in spraying, polishing, and welding [13]. - Efort has established subsidiaries in France, Germany, Poland, Brazil, and Southeast Asia, continuously expanding its global market presence and enhancing its product development capabilities [15]. Brand and Resource Integration - In 2023, Efort and its overseas subsidiaries underwent a comprehensive brand upgrade, unifying their brand image and enhancing resource sharing and operational efficiency across the global network [17]. Industry Applications - In the food industry, Efort's ER180-4-3200 robot was successfully implemented in Italy, improving efficiency by 15% in pallet and sugar box operations, showcasing its robust performance and customer satisfaction [18]. - In the automotive sector, Efort's advanced spraying technology was adopted by Maserati, meeting stringent quality standards and demonstrating the global competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing [20]. Future Outlook - Efort is committed to deepening its international strategy and fostering innovation to build a globally influential Chinese robotics brand, contributing to the advancement of intelligent automation and robotics technology [22].

Core Viewpoint - The company has officially launched its "trinity" strategy in the robotics industry, marking a strategic shift from precision manufacturing in consumer electronics to hardware in robotics, aiming to become a top 3 global manufacturer of embodied intelligent hardware [1][2][17]. Group 1: Strategic Layout and Advantages - The "trinity" strategy focuses on three main areas: core component and assembly design, comprehensive hardware services, and complete industrial application scenario development [2][3]. - The company has established a strategic moat through four unique advantages: comprehensive process technology, deep automation accumulation, rich application scenarios, and leading global layout [2][3]. - Plans include building a global, all-process super factory for core components, aiming for over 50% cost reduction through a comprehensive "slimming center" approach [2][5]. Group 2: Application Scenarios and Product Development - The company showcased its latest achievements in embodied intelligence application development, with robots covering industrial, commercial, and service scenarios [7]. - Notable robots include the humanoid robot "Walker" with over 40 degrees of freedom, the industrial heavy-duty "Rock" robot with a payload of 10kg, and the precision manufacturing expert "Linglong" with a positioning accuracy of 0.03mm [8][9][10]. - The company has signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center to provide hardware services and support the development of humanoid robots [12]. Group 3: Ecosystem Collaboration and Future Plans - The company has formed strategic partnerships with leading embodied intelligence firms to accelerate the commercialization of humanoid robots [15]. - A new company, Dongguan Lingzhi Innovation Robot Technology Co., Ltd., has been established to focus on intelligent robot development and sales, with a registered capital of 20 million yuan [15]. - The company plans to build hundreds of automated assembly lines in the future, aiming for a market potential of trillions in the humanoid robot industry [16][17].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent financing of humanoid robot company Lingbao CASBOT, highlighting its significance in the competitive humanoid robot industry and its implications for technological evolution and commercialization [1]. Financing and Investment - Lingbao CASBOT completed a new financing round amounting to nearly 100 million RMB, led by Lens Technology, with participation from Tianjin Jiayi and existing shareholders [1]. VLA Model Engineering Challenges - The Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model faces challenges in transitioning from theoretical research to engineering applications, particularly in maintaining generalization while meeting specific task accuracy and stability requirements [2]. - CASBOT collaborated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences to propose the ConRFT method, which enhances the VLA model's task execution capabilities through reinforcement learning [2]. ConRFT Methodology - The ConRFT method employs a two-stage optimization strategy, including an offline fine-tuning phase that combines calibrated Q-learning and behavior cloning to train the Q function with limited data [2][3]. - The online fine-tuning phase incorporates a human-in-the-loop mechanism, allowing human operators to intervene and correct the robot's actions, thus improving the model's performance [3]. Performance Metrics - The ConRFT method achieved a 96.3% average success rate across eight real-world tasks, a 144% improvement over traditional supervised fine-tuning methods, and reduced the average task completion steps from 56.3 to 30.7, enhancing efficiency by approximately 1.9 times [5]. Data Collection Strategy - CASBOT established a "three-domain" data collection system, including real machine domain, simulation domain, and human domain, to improve data quality and training efficiency [6]. - The human domain data collection innovatively captures natural human actions, significantly reducing the time required for remote operation tasks [6]. Technical Architecture - CASBOT adopted a layered end-to-end model architecture, allowing flexible resource allocation based on different scenario requirements, enhancing response speed and reducing network dependency [7][10]. - The design reflects practical considerations for deployment environments, ensuring data security and stability in industrial and mining applications [10]. Product Parameter Optimization - CASBOT 02 features specific parameter adjustments, such as height reduction from 179cm to 163cm and computing power adjustment from 550T to 275TOPS, reflecting a strategic shift towards practical application feedback [11][13]. Commercial Strategy - CASBOT focuses on industrial manufacturing and mining energy as primary commercialization directions, driven by market demand and the company's capabilities [15][16]. - The choice of industrial manufacturing is based on rigid demand, quantifiable ROI, and technical adaptability, with applications in quality inspection and shoe manufacturing [16]. Mining Energy Sector - The mining energy sector presents a unique commercialization opportunity, driven by regulatory requirements for robot replacements in critical positions by 2026 [17]. Collaboration and Market Strategy - CASBOT employs a joint R&D model with partners, providing standardized robot products while partners handle specialized modifications and certifications [19]. - The company adheres to a principle of small-scale mass production and delivery, ensuring that products meet clear commercial needs [20]. Industry Trends - The humanoid robot industry is evolving towards mixed technology solutions, with a focus on practical applications rather than singular technological paths [23]. - Innovations in data strategies and product design reflect a shift towards practicality and market maturity, emphasizing effective problem-solving and reasonable ROI [24]. Future Outlook - The humanoid robot industry is still in its early stages, with rapid technological and business model evolution, moving towards more practical and application-focused developments [25].

Core Insights - The global e-commerce boom, rising labor costs, and the demand for flexible supply chains are driving the upgrade of warehouse automation, with Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMR) gaining market recognition due to their unmatched flexibility and scalability [1] - The global AMR solutions market is projected to grow from 38.7 billion yuan in 2024 to 162.1 billion yuan by 2029, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 33.1%, indicating a significant market expansion opportunity [1][2] - AMR solutions are expected to have a penetration rate in the overall warehouse automation sector increase from 4.4% in 2020 to 20.2% by 2029, highlighting their growing importance [2] Group 1: AMR Demand and Advantages - AMR solutions are essential due to their ability to handle varying order sizes, adapt quickly to operational changes, and lower initial investment costs, making them crucial in today's rapidly changing market [2] - The growth rate of AMR solutions is expected to surpass that of traditional warehouse automation solutions, indicating a shift in industry preference [2] - AMR companies are showing potential to replace traditional Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) system integrators due to their integrated hardware and software, ease of deployment, and low costs [2] Group 2: Global AMR Landscape - In the global AMR market, companies from China, the US, and Europe are emerging as key players, with differentiated technological innovations driving industry transformation [3] - Geek+ from China has maintained its position as the global leader in AMR market share for six consecutive years, with a comprehensive operational system covering over 40 countries and regions [6] - Geek+ reported a total revenue of 2.41 billion yuan in 2024, with a CAGR of 45% from 2021 to 2024, and a gross margin of 34.8% in 2024, showcasing strong financial performance [6][7] Group 3: Key Competitors - Exotec, established in 2015, focuses on three-dimensional mobile robots and has developed the Skypod system, which enhances warehouse space utilization and operational efficiency [10] - Locus Robotics, founded in 2014, specializes in "goods-to-person" models with its LocusBots, primarily targeting the North American market and achieving over 5 billion items picked globally [13] - Traditional automation solution providers like AutoStore and Symbotic continue to dominate specific market segments, indicating the vast potential of the AMR market [14] Group 4: Future Market Dynamics - The ability to coordinate multiple robots efficiently is crucial for modern smart warehouses, impacting order fulfillment efficiency and operational costs [15] - Companies with advanced multi-robot coordination capabilities will likely dominate the market, creating a self-reinforcing cycle of growth and competitive advantage [17] - Geek+ has demonstrated its capability to manage over 5,000 robots in a single warehouse, positioning itself at the forefront of the market with proven large-scale project execution [18]