Core Insights - The mobile banking app has become a core platform for commercial banks to serve users, optimize experiences, and enhance competitiveness in the context of national digital transformation and financial technology innovation [1] - The integration of AI technology, refined operational strategies, and diversified user demands are reshaping the market landscape and value of mobile banking apps [1] User Flow and Behavior - The user flow of mobile banking apps in China is stabilizing between 650 million to 700 million from 2023 to 2025, indicating a saturated market [2] - The decline in user engagement is evident, with average daily usage time dropping from 4.93 minutes to 2.70 minutes and daily usage frequency decreasing from 4.54 times to 2.86 times [4] Operational Strategies - Refined operations are crucial for banks to break through in a saturated market, focusing on precise user insights and intelligent technology applications [6][7] - AI technology is enhancing refined operations by upgrading interaction experiences, strengthening risk control, expanding diverse scenarios, and improving data operations [9] Rankings and Performance - The top three banks by average monthly active users (MAU) are Agricultural Bank of China (24 million), Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (18.9 million), and China Construction Bank (10.6 million) [11][15] - Among joint-stock commercial banks, China Merchants Bank leads with over 7 million MAU, while other banks like Ping An Bank and CITIC Bank follow closely [16][17] - City commercial banks show strong performance, with Jiangsu Bank leading at 349.6 thousand MAU, and several banks achieving significant growth rates [19][20] Case Studies of Successful Apps - Agricultural Bank of China is integrating financial services with daily life scenarios, achieving a 4.8% growth in MAU [28][29] - China Merchants Bank continues to innovate its app to meet customer needs and leverage AI technology [31] - Beijing Bank is focusing on a digital transformation strategy that combines technology, scenarios, and services [35]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core View of the Report In recent years, the mismatch between the duration of banks' assets and liabilities has intensified, with the duration of the asset side lengthening and that of the liability side shortening. This has put pressure on some liquidity indicators and constrained banks' asset allocation behavior. The increase in long - term bond holdings has also increased the pressure on interest rate risk indicators. The report analyzes the current indicator constraints on banks' bond allocation and the prospects of these indicator pressures [1]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs 3.1 Liability - side Duration Reduction and Asset - side Duration Extension - **Net Interest Margin Pressure**: Since 2022, the net interest margin of commercial banks has continued to decline, from 2.08% at the end of December 2021 to 1.42% at the end of June 2025, compressing banks' profit margins [9]. - **Liability - side Duration Reduction**: - **Deposit**: Since 2023, the duration of new deposits has significantly shortened. High - cost, long - term deposits have been significantly reduced due to the expiration of high - interest fixed deposits in 2025 - 2026 and the suspension of "manual interest compensation" in 2024. Banks tend to guide customers to transfer to short - term deposits, and customers are less attracted to long - term deposits. New deposits are concentrated within 1 year [10]. - **Inter - bank Liabilities**: In 2025, banks mostly reduced the issuance of 9M and 1Y certificates of deposit (CDs) and increased the issuance of 3M and 6M CDs [15]. - **Asset - side Duration Extension**: Since 2019, the loan growth rate of listed banks has continued to decline, and financial investment has become an important alternative asset on the asset side. Bond investment is a major part of financial investment, with government bonds accounting for a relatively high proportion. From 2023 - 2025, the average duration of local government bonds has lengthened from 12.39 years to 15.62 years, and it is expected that the duration of the asset side of national and joint - stock banks will lengthen [17]. 3.2 What Indicator Constraints Do Banks Face in Bond Allocation? 3.2.1 Liquidity Risk: Low NSFR Index for Joint - stock Banks - **Liquidity Regulatory Indicators**: Chinese banks need to meet five liquidity regulatory indicators, including LMR, LR, NSFR, LCR, and HQLAAR. The report mainly analyzes LR, NSFR, and LCR. In mid - 2025, the LR and LCR of listed banks generally had sufficient safety margins, while the NSFR safety cushions of joint - stock banks (except China Merchants Bank) and some city commercial banks were relatively thin [3][22]. - **Reasons for Low NSFR in Joint - stock Banks**: The core reason lies in the liability side. Retail deposits are not advantageous, the proportion of inter - bank liabilities is high, and deposits tend to be short - term. This leads to a low Available Stable Funds (ASF) [41]. - **Measures to Deal with NSFR Pressure**: - **Increase the Numerator**: In October, joint - stock banks significantly increased the issuance of 1Y CDs. The net financing of joint - stock bank CDs in October reached 62.44 billion yuan, and the issuance scale of 1Y CDs was significantly increased [45]. - **Reduce the Denominator**: From January to September this year, joint - stock banks basically maintained a monthly net reduction of CDs and increased the allocation of interest - rate bonds, which is conducive to reducing the Required Stable Funds (RSF) and improving the NSFR [48]. 3.2.2 Interest Rate Risk: The ΔEVE/First - tier Capital of Some State - owned Banks Approaches the Upper Limit - **Regulatory Requirements**: According to the "Administrative Measures for the Interest Rate Risk of Commercial Banks' Banking Books (Revised)", when the economic value change of state - owned large commercial banks exceeds 15% of their first - tier capital, the banking regulatory authority should pay attention and conduct follow - up evaluations [53]. - **Interest Rate Risk of Banking Books**: In 2024, under six standardized interest rate shock scenarios, the maximum economic value change losses of Agricultural Bank of China (- 14.31%), Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (- 14.71%), and China Construction Bank (- 14.73%) as a percentage of their first - tier capital were close to - 15%. This has objectively constrained bond - allocation behavior and will affect the volume and duration of state - owned banks' bond investments [55].

Investment Rating - The industry rating is "Overweight" and has been maintained from the previous rating [5]. Core Viewpoints - The retail loan quality is under pressure, with growth slowing down, and the overall retail loan bad debt ratio has been on the rise since 2022, reaching 1.29% in Q2 2025, an increase of 13 basis points from Q4 2024 [2][12]. - Retail loan growth is weak, with a year-on-year increase of only 3.5% in Q2 2025, which is a further slowdown compared to 2024 [20]. - Banks are increasing efforts to dispose of retail bad debts, which is expected to mitigate the impact of retail loan risk exposure on overall asset quality [3][33]. Summary by Sections 1. Retail Loan Asset Quality Under Pressure, Growth Slowing - As of Q2 2025, the total retail loan amount of listed banks reached 63.3 trillion yuan, accounting for 34.3% of total loans [2][11]. - The retail loan bad debt ratio has continued to rise, with the overall bad debt ratio for listed banks at 1.23% [12][19]. - The increase in retail bad debts is attributed to weak consumer demand and a decline in repayment capacity, with the retail bad loan balance growing by 28.7% year-on-year [20][21]. 2. Retail Loan Risk Exposure Easing, Credit Cost Pressure Marginally Reduced - The bad debt generation rate for retail loans in H1 2025 was 1.18%, slightly up from 2024, but the increase is less pronounced compared to previous years [34][35]. - The marginal easing of credit cost pressure is reflected in the credit cost for retail loans, which increased by only 1 basis point to 1.02% in H1 2025 [35][41]. - The overall retail loan risk exposure is expected to remain manageable due to banks' proactive measures in bad debt disposal [33]. 3. Retail Asset Quality Outlook: Policy Support, Risks Expected to Continue Easing - The overall credit risk of retail loans is expected to continue easing under supportive policies, particularly in consumer credit [4]. - The asset quality of consumer credit, including housing loans, is anticipated to stabilize marginally, while the asset quality in the small and micro-enterprise sector may continue to face pressure [4].

Core Viewpoint - Recent announcements from multiple banks indicate a trend of redeeming preferred shares, driven by cost optimization and capital structure adjustments in response to regulatory requirements [4][6]. Group 1: Redemption of Preferred Shares - Ningbo Bank plans to fully redeem 100 million preferred shares issued on November 7, 2018, with a total scale of 10 billion RMB, at a redemption price of 104.5 RMB per share, scheduled for November 7, 2025 [1]. - Hangzhou Bank, Shanghai Bank, and Changsha Bank also announced plans to redeem their preferred shares in December 2025, with similar redemption structures [2]. - The total amount of preferred shares redeemed by banks this year is significant, with a focus on optimizing costs and reducing liabilities [1][2]. Group 2: Issuance of Perpetual Bonds - In conjunction with the redemption of high-cost preferred shares, banks are increasingly issuing perpetual bonds as a replacement, with 51 perpetual bonds issued this year totaling 675.4 billion RMB, surpassing last year's figures [1][6]. - Perpetual bonds are seen as a more flexible and lower-cost capital tool compared to preferred shares, which typically have higher dividend rates [4][6]. Group 3: Market Trends and Regulatory Environment - The trend of redeeming preferred shares and issuing perpetual bonds reflects a broader market shift, where banks are adapting to lower interest rates and tighter regulatory requirements [4][7]. - The issuance of perpetual bonds is particularly crucial for smaller banks facing capital adequacy pressures, as they seek to enhance their capital structure and meet regulatory demands [7].

Core Insights - The issuance of $4 billion sovereign bonds by the Agricultural Bank of China in collaboration with the Ministry of Finance was successfully completed in Hong Kong, indicating strong international market confidence in China's sovereign credit [1] - The bonds included two maturities: $2 billion for 3-year bonds at an interest rate of 3.646% and $2 billion for 5-year bonds at an interest rate of 3.787% [1] - The offering received an overwhelming response with a subscription scale of $118.2 billion, nearly 30 times the issuance amount, reflecting robust confidence in China's long-term economic prospects [1] Summary by Categories Issuance Details - The Agricultural Bank of China acted as a joint lead underwriter for the issuance of $4 billion sovereign bonds [1] - The bonds were split into two categories: 3-year and 5-year, each amounting to $2 billion [1] - The interest rates for the bonds were set at 3.646% for the 3-year bonds and 3.787% for the 5-year bonds [1] Market Reception - The bonds were met with enthusiastic demand, achieving a subscription level of $118.2 billion, which is approximately 30 times the amount issued [1] - This high level of interest signifies the international market's strong recognition of China's sovereign credit [1] Strategic Implications - The issuance serves as a high-quality investment option for the offshore market and signals China's commitment to advancing high-level opening-up to the international community [1] - The Agricultural Bank of China provided essential support through its global sales and professional pricing capabilities, indicating its role in expanding China's sovereign bond international financing channels [1]

Core Viewpoint - The issuance of $4 billion sovereign bonds by the Agricultural Bank of China in Hong Kong demonstrates strong international market confidence in China's sovereign credit and long-term economic prospects [1] Group 1: Bond Issuance Details - The Agricultural Bank of China acted as a joint lead underwriter for the issuance of $4 billion sovereign bonds on November 5, 2025 [1] - The issuance included two types of bonds: $2 billion for 3-year bonds with an interest rate of 3.646% and $2 billion for 5-year bonds with an interest rate of 3.787% [1] Group 2: Market Reception - The bond issuance received an enthusiastic market response with a subscription scale of $118.2 billion, nearly 30 times the issuance amount [1] - This issuance set a record for the lowest issuance spread in the history of global sovereign dollar bonds, reflecting high recognition of China's sovereign credit [1] Group 3: Implications for Financial Markets - The successful issuance reinforces Hong Kong's status as an international financial center and provides high-quality investment options for the offshore market [1] - It sends a clear signal to the international community about China's commitment to advancing high-level opening-up [1] Group 4: Future Commitment - The Agricultural Bank of China stated its intention to continue fulfilling its responsibilities as a major bank and to assist in broadening international financing channels for Chinese sovereign bonds [1]

Core Insights - The overall performance of A-share listed banks in the first three quarters of 2025 reflects a stable total, improved structure, and significant differentiation amid a gradually recovering macroeconomic environment [1][10] - Revenue growth remains robust, with over 60% of listed banks reporting year-on-year increases, driven by optimized asset structures and a focus on non-interest income [2][10] - The net interest margin (NIM), a key profitability driver, is under pressure, posing challenges to the banking industry's profit model [1][7] Revenue Growth Resilience - More than 60% of A-share listed banks achieved positive year-on-year revenue growth in the first three quarters of 2025, indicating effective support for the real economy [2][4] - There is a clear structural differentiation in growth dynamics among banks of different sizes, with larger banks showing stable revenue while some smaller banks exhibit stronger growth [4][10] Bank Performance Data - Key performance metrics for selected banks in the first three quarters of 2025 include: - Industrial and Commercial Bank of China: Revenue of 6400.28 billion, 2.17% growth; Net profit of 2718.82 billion, 0.52% growth - Agricultural Bank of China: Revenue of 5508.76 billion, 1.97% growth; Net profit of 2223.23 billion, 3.28% growth - Minsheng Bank: Revenue of 1085.09 billion, 6.74% decline; Net profit of 285.39 billion, 7.09% decline - Jiangsu Bank: Revenue of 671.83 billion, 7.83% growth; Net profit of 318.95 billion, 8.87% growth [3][4] Performance of State-Owned Banks - State-owned banks maintain a leading position in revenue due to their large asset scale and extensive customer base, with revenue growth rates above 1.5% for major banks [4][6] - Despite a stable net profit growth, the overall growth rates are moderate, reflecting the challenges of achieving high growth from a large base [4][6] Performance of Smaller Banks - Some smaller banks and regional banks demonstrate significant growth potential, with Minsheng Bank and Jiangsu Bank showing revenue growth rates of 6.74% and 7.83%, respectively [4][6] - The ability of these banks to achieve rapid profit growth is attributed to precise customer targeting, effective cost management, and supplementary income from non-interest sources [6][10] Net Interest Margin Challenges - The net interest margin for listed banks is generally declining, primarily due to factors such as the decrease in loan market quotation rates and adjustments in existing mortgage rates [7][8] - State-owned banks and some joint-stock banks experience a decline in NIM by approximately 15 basis points, while Postal Savings Bank sees a more significant drop of 21 basis points [8][9] Resilience in NIM - Some banks, like Minsheng Bank, show resilience with a slight increase in NIM, indicating effective business structure management in response to interest rate fluctuations [9][10] - Regional banks like Ningbo Bank exhibit smaller declines in NIM compared to the industry average, showcasing the effectiveness of their localized service models [9][10] Future Outlook - The banking sector's operating environment is expected to gradually improve with the continued effectiveness of macroeconomic policies, although differentiation among institutions is likely to persist [10] - Large banks need to leverage technology to enhance their comprehensive service advantages, while smaller banks must focus on deepening their niche markets to establish competitive strengths [10]

Core Viewpoint - The Agricultural Bank of China, Henan Branch, recently held a staff sports meeting aimed at enhancing employee well-being and promoting teamwork, showcasing the spirit of perseverance and unity among its employees [1][3]. Group 1: Event Overview - The sports meeting featured a combination of ball games, athletics, and fun activities, with a total of 12 competition events [3]. - A total of 528 participants from the Henan Branch competed, organized into 8 teams [3]. - The Third Team won the overall championship, and 7 athletes secured championships in various athletic events [3]. Group 2: Objectives and Outcomes - The event was designed to implement a "people-oriented" development philosophy, aimed at enhancing employee physical fitness and promoting a happy work-life balance [3]. - It successfully achieved both sports results and spiritual civilization, emphasizing unity, collaboration, and collective progress [3]. - The Henan Branch plans to leverage the spirit of "faster, higher, stronger, and more united" from the sports meeting to drive high-quality development and enhance its service capabilities [3].

Core Insights - The state-owned large bank sector experienced a decline of 0.46% on November 6, with Postal Savings Bank leading the drop [1] - The Shanghai Composite Index closed at 4007.76, up 0.97%, while the Shenzhen Component Index closed at 13452.42, up 1.73% [1] Bank Performance Summary - **Bank of Communications (601328)**: Closed at 7.34, unchanged; trading volume of 1.75 million shares, total transaction value of 1.283 billion [1] - **Agricultural Bank of China (601288)**: Closed at 8.16, down 0.24%; trading volume of 2.6008 million shares, total transaction value of 2.111 billion [1] - **China Construction Bank (601939)**: Closed at 9.44, down 0.42%; trading volume of 725,200 shares, total transaction value of 685 million [1] - **Bank of China (601988)**: Closed at 5.66, down 0.53%; trading volume of 2.1127 million shares, total transaction value of 1.197 billion [1] - **Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (601398)**: Closed at 8.09, down 0.61%; trading volume of 3.0098 million shares, total transaction value of 2.4371 billion [1] - **Postal Savings Bank (601658)**: Closed at 5.85, down 1.02%; trading volume of 1.4606 million shares, total transaction value of 857.1 million [1] Fund Flow Analysis - The state-owned large bank sector saw a net outflow of 61.8565 million from institutional investors and a net outflow of 115 million from speculative funds, while retail investors had a net inflow of 177 million [1] - **Bank of Communications**: Net inflow from institutional investors of 44.968 million, net outflow from speculative funds of 1.25 billion, and net inflow from retail investors of 79.8107 million [2] - **Bank of China**: Net inflow from institutional investors of 16.3932 million, net outflow from speculative funds of 10.0614 million, and net outflow from retail investors of 6.3318 million [2] - **Industrial and Commercial Bank of China**: Net inflow from institutional investors of 7.3789 million, net inflow from speculative funds of 348.77 million, and net outflow from retail investors of 1.08666 million [2] - **Postal Savings Bank**: Net outflow from institutional investors of 5.412 million, net outflow from speculative funds of 342.014 million, and net inflow from retail investors of 39.6134 million [2] - **Agricultural Bank of China**: Net outflow from institutional investors of 100 million, net inflow from speculative funds of 53.8183 million, and net inflow from retail investors of 46.2417 million [2]

Core Points - The implementation of the green foreign debt pilot policy in Guangdong Province has officially begun, with the successful registration of a $1 million foreign debt for a waterproof coating company [1] - The policy encourages non-financial enterprises to borrow funds from non-residents for green or low-carbon projects, thereby expanding the cross-border financing scale for such projects [1] - The pilot policy allows these projects to occupy less of the enterprise's overall cross-border financing risk-weighted balance, facilitating higher financing limits for green development [1] - The registration process for related foreign debts is streamlined through direct handling by banks, enhancing the convenience of green foreign debt transactions [1] - The waterproof coating company is a well-known listed enterprise in Shunde, with multiple products certified as green building materials [1] - The Agricultural Bank of China Shunde Branch provided proactive support by interpreting policies and establishing a dedicated "green channel" to improve approval efficiency [1] Company Insights - The company expressed satisfaction with the smooth and efficient process of handling green foreign debt, which allows for increased foreign debt limits while reducing financing costs [2] - The support from the foreign exchange administration and the Agricultural Bank of China was crucial in completing the green foreign debt registration [2]