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房地产深度报告(一):我国历史上的七次深度调整
五矿证券· 2024-09-19 07:08
证券研究报告 | 宏观研究 [Table_Main] 房地产深度报告(一): 我国历史上的七次深度调整 报告要点 1998 年房地产改革的初衷在于 20 世纪 70 年代城市化进程加快,大量人口从 农村迁移至城市,住房缺口迫使房屋政策转型。早在 1988 年,全国住房改革 会议就提出了低租金、提租补贴、租售结合、以租促售等一系列措施。但 1989 年后,在价格闯关、居民购房意愿弱、试点未能有效解决住房短缺等问题的影 响下出现了十年的延期,房改政策进入等待阶段。进入 90 年代后,经济进入 高速增长阶段,居民购买力快速提升,政策呼之欲出,开启了房地产大周期。 税改不是促成土地财政的唯一推手。1993 年分税制改革与 1998 年房改的初 衷并非建立土地财政的逻辑关系,而是将更多资源与行政权力下划地方,以更 好地推动地方经济发展。经济增速目标压力迫使地方政府寻找潜在增长点,地 方政府选择通过出让土地作为财政收入的一部分,不仅可以增加地方财政收 入,还能满足地方投资需求,推动经济增长。从政策出发的角度看,我们认为 分税制改革并不是推动土地财政的直接原因,而是市场经济下地方政府的自然 选择。 自 1998 年房改至今 ...
锑系列深度三:立足供需库,展望锑的价值回归之路
五矿证券· 2024-09-18 11:01
[Table_Main] 锑系列深度三:立足供需库,展望锑的 价值回归之路 报告要点 锑产业政策规范出台,意指规范全球产业供应链。作为全球《关键矿产》清单 的交叉共识品种,美、日、欧都将锑列入关键金属管制。我国对锑产业的政策 曾经走过"收紧-边际放松"两步周期。8 月 15 日,针对部分锑、超硬材料相 关物项实施出口管制落地,政策细则聚焦锑下游高精尖产业应用,意指规范 全球锑产业链。锑产业政策再一次走到新一轮收紧的趋势中。 回望二十年,"火力全开"向全球输出锑资源背后,是我国锑资源优势丧失的 悲歌。根据 USGS 口径,04 年-08 年,我国以全球 40%+的储备资源,贡献 当年 80%+的锑产量。2008 年我国产量达到历史顶峰,占比 91.4%。08-16 年储量占比有所提升至 50%,产量占比维持在 85%+高位,这一阶段的产量 "火力全开"给目前锑产业现状埋下伏笔。2014 年开始,我国锑储量占比和 产量占比边际环比下行,2023 年,我国锑储量占全球 29.5%,产量占全球 48.12%。 站在目前节点,我国锑产业呈现资源自给自足缺口,进口依赖逐年扩大。 1)矿产锑与表观消费量缺口扩大。USGS ...
借由三中全会把脉高端制造未来:何为高端制造的新质生产力?
五矿证券· 2024-09-12 10:03
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有色金属脉动跟踪:基本金属回落,稀土逐步反弹
五矿证券· 2024-09-12 07:31
证券研究报告 | 行业周报 [Table_Main] 有色金属脉动跟踪:基本金属回落,稀 土逐步反弹 报告要点 主要观点更新: 贵金属:随着 9 月降息步伐的临近,黄金短期确定性更强 铜:短期具备不确定性,看好中长期铜价 铝:高盈利有望持续,绿电铝可能分化 铅锌:海外锌矿复产,关注冶炼减产进展 锡:费城半导体指数调整,锡价震荡偏弱 镍:累库持续,价格承压逼近成本支撑 钨:钨矿价格探升,上下游供需博弈态势持续 锑:海外价格再上涨,国内价格持稳 钼:钢招维持高景气,钼价高位运行 稀土:重点品种价格 9 月将延续涨势 钛:钛矿市场持稳,下游钛金属需求疲弱 金属价格涨跌: 贵金属周度涨跌幅:COMEX 金(-0.6%);COMEX 银(-1.11%); 工业金属周度涨跌幅:LME 铜(-3.22%),LME 铝(-4.27%),LME 铅(-4.72%), LME 锌(-6.71%),LME 镍(-5.03%),LME 锡(-4.93%); 稀有小金属周度涨跌幅:锗(+30.36%),钼精矿(+7.36%),钴(+13.82%); [Table_Invest] 有色金属 评级: 看好 日期: 2024.09.12 [ ...
钢铁:马氏体高强钢:汽车轻量化的成本优势何在?
五矿证券· 2024-09-12 02:36
[Table_DocReport] [Table_Main] 马氏体高强钢:汽车轻量化的成本优势 何在? 报告要点 新能源车的发展带来轻量化需求。新能源车由于动力系统由燃油向电驱动的 转变,三电系统特别是电池的重量较大,从而带来了迫切的轻量化需求。例如 蔚来汽车在 2017 年底推出的第一款车 ES8 就选择了全铝车身设计。 轻量化的代价。按照目前的市场价格,采用以铝代钢的轻量化方案,每减重 1kg 需要花费成本大约 17.5 元。铝合金在带来良好的轻量化效果的同时也大 幅增加了车企的物料成本。 新能源车的市场变化和技术迭代以及钢材的技术进步,带来了以钢代铝的反 替代可能。随着电池技术进步,电池包的整体重量不断降低。同时新能源车的 价格竞争越来越激烈,马氏体钢以其高强度低成本的优势成为车企轻量化材 料的新选项。未来轻量化材料的选择可能会出现从铝合金重新回归钢材的趋 势。 马氏体高强钢的应用有望给车企带来 1000 元/车的成本下降。初步估算马氏 体钢可以在电池包壳体、一体式门环和下车体等领域替代铝合金,单车原材 料成本节省约 1000 元。其潜在市场规模可能会达到 213 亿元。 证券研究报告 [Table_ ...
有色金属行业周报:稀土供需改善,价格有望持续回暖报告要点
五矿证券· 2024-09-11 11:15
稀土供需改善,价格有望持续回暖 报告要点 2024 年稀土配额同比增速大幅收窄,稀土价格近期有所抬升。供给端,2024 年第二批稀土开采、冶炼分离总量控制指标分别为 13.5 万吨、12.7 万吨,与 2024 年第一批指标持平。2024 年前两批合计稀土开采、冶炼分离总量控制 指标分别为 27 万吨、25.4 万吨,分别同比上升 5.9%、4.2%,而 2023 年同 比增速分别为 21.4%、20.7%,2024 年稀土配额同比增速大幅下降,低于预 期。因此,近期稀土价格明显回暖,稀土指数本周环比增长 4.21%。 2024Q3 稀土价格有望持续回暖。从历史情况来看,上半年配额一般占全年 的 50%左右,若 2024 年后续存在第三批配额指标,预期全年供给增幅较现 状也仅为小幅上升。此外,2024 年 10 月出台《稀土管理条例》,进一步控 制稀土资源的开采、生产、销售等活动,强调总量控制,有望进一步改善稀 土行业供给过剩的困境。需求侧,2024 年 7 月出台《关于加力支持大规模设 备更新和消费品以旧换新的若干措施》,有望对稀土下游的新能源车、家电、 工业设备等领域需求形成有力支撑。展望 Q3,稀土价格 ...
有色金属行业:A股锂矿行业2024年中报梳理分析:锂矿行业拐点将至?
五矿证券· 2024-09-11 11:15
证券研究报告|行业点评2024/9/11 锂矿行业拐点将至?——A股锂矿行业2024 有色金属行业 投资评级 看好 年中报梳理分析 五矿证券研究所 分析师:张斯恺 登记编码:S0950523110002 邮箱:zhangsikai@wkzq.com.cn 珍惜有限 创造无限 报告摘要 通过我们对A股13家锂矿企业半年报、六大维度的梳理,我们发现: • 1)营收/净利润:随着碳酸锂价格Q2的小幅反弹,锂矿上市公司盈利近一年来首次转正。其中,盐湖股份、藏格矿业与天华新能是 24Q2盈利较优的三家锂矿企业。 • 2)毛利率&净利率:锂矿上市公司毛利率自22Q2以来首次反弹。西藏矿业、盐湖股份与天齐锂业是24Q2毛利率较高的三家锂矿企业。 • 3)库存:锂矿上市公司24Q2库存环比略上升3.82%,24Q2锂矿企业累库8.28万吨LCE,中国锂盐累库主要集中在非上市锂矿企业。 • 4)四费控制:锂矿上市公司在管理层面进一步降本较难。从四费占总营收比角度分析,企业在锂价下行期有意愿主动降本增效。但实 际降本情况并不理想,24Q2管理成本控制较优企业为永兴材料、天齐锂业与天华新能。 • 5)资本开支:锂矿上市公司资本开支 ...
A股锂矿行业2024年中报梳理分析:锂矿行业拐点将至?
五矿证券· 2024-09-11 11:12
Investment Rating - The report rates the lithium mining industry as "Positive" [2] Core Insights - The profitability of lithium mining companies has turned positive for the first time in nearly a year due to a slight rebound in lithium carbonate prices in Q2 2024 [3][5] - The gross margin and net margin of lithium mining companies have rebounded for the first time since Q2 2022, indicating a recovery in profitability [8] - Inventory levels have increased slightly, with a notable accumulation of lithium carbonate in non-listed companies [11] - Cost control remains challenging for lithium mining companies, with management expenses showing limited reduction potential [14] - Capital expenditures have turned negative for the first time in two years, indicating a potential supply-side inflection point [16] - The cash position of lithium mining companies has weakened significantly, with the "cash on hand minus current liabilities" metric turning negative for the first time in two years [19] Summary by Relevant Sections Revenue/Profit - In Q2 2024, lithium mining companies recorded a total revenue of 26.7 billion yuan and a net profit of 1.644 billion yuan, marking the first profitability since Q3 2023 [5][6] Gross Margin/Net Margin - The overall gross margin for lithium mining companies in Q2 2024 was 32.63%, with a net margin of 6.16%, reflecting a recovery from previous losses [8] Inventory - The inventory of listed lithium mining companies increased by 3.82% in Q2 2024, with a significant accumulation of 82,800 tons of lithium carbonate [11] Cost Control - The total expenses for lithium mining companies reached 2.82 billion yuan in Q2 2024, indicating a 24% year-on-year increase, with cost control becoming increasingly difficult [14] Capital Expenditure - Capital expenditures for lithium mining companies totaled 6.98 billion yuan in Q2 2024, representing a 17.3% year-on-year decline [16] Cash Position - The "cash on hand minus current liabilities" metric fell by 133% to -7.73 billion yuan in Q2 2024, indicating a significant decline in liquidity [19]
稀土供需改善,价格有望持续回暖
五矿证券· 2024-09-11 08:03
稀土供需改善,价格有望持续回暖 报告要点 2024 年稀土配额同比增速大幅收窄,稀土价格近期有所抬升。供给端,2024 年第二批稀土开采、冶炼分离总量控制指标分别为 13.5 万吨、12.7 万吨,与 2024 年第一批指标持平。2024 年前两批合计稀土开采、冶炼分离总量控制 指标分别为 27 万吨、25.4 万吨,分别同比上升 5.9%、4.2%,而 2023 年同 比增速分别为 21.4%、20.7%,2024 年稀土配额同比增速大幅下降,低于预 期。因此,近期稀土价格明显回暖,稀土指数本周环比增长 4.21%。 2024Q3 稀土价格有望持续回暖。从历史情况来看,上半年配额一般占全年 的 50%左右,若 2024 年后续存在第三批配额指标,预期全年供给增幅较现 状也仅为小幅上升。此外,2024 年 10 月出台《稀土管理条例》,进一步控 制稀土资源的开采、生产、销售等活动,强调总量控制,有望进一步改善稀 土行业供给过剩的困境。需求侧,2024 年 7 月出台《关于加力支持大规模设 备更新和消费品以旧换新的若干措施》,有望对稀土下游的新能源车、家电、 工业设备等领域需求形成有力支撑。展望 Q3,稀土价格 ...
上市券商2024年中报业绩梳理分析:业绩环比改善,自营业务仍是业绩核心变量
五矿证券· 2024-09-11 06:03
Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The performance of listed securities firms improved on a quarter-on-quarter basis, with proprietary trading remaining the core variable for performance [1] - The capital market reform is progressing, with the new "National Nine Articles" aimed at promoting high-quality development in the capital market [3] - The overall performance of the equity market was weak in H1 2024, with major indices declining, while the bond market showed strong performance [3][6] Summary by Sections H1 2024 Performance Review - In H1 2024, 43 listed securities firms achieved operating income of CNY 235.02 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 12.69%, and net profit of CNY 66.65 billion, down 21.51% [9] - The second quarter saw a quarter-on-quarter improvement in performance, with operating income increasing by 22.08% and net profit rising by 18.08% compared to Q1 [9] Financial Metrics - As of June 30, 2024, total assets of listed securities firms reached CNY 11.83 trillion, a slight decrease from the end of 2023, while net assets increased to CNY 2.59 trillion [6] - The annualized ROE for listed securities firms in H1 2024 was 5.15%, slightly down from 5.20% in 2023 [6] Revenue Sources - Proprietary trading remained the largest source of revenue, accounting for 31.90% of total income, an increase of 5.08 percentage points from 2023 [12] - Asset management income showed resilience, while brokerage and credit business revenues slightly declined [12] Brokerage Business - The average daily trading volume in the A-share market decreased by 6.83% year-on-year, reflecting a decline in trading sentiment [16] - Brokerage income fell to CNY 51.56 billion, down 14.67% year-on-year, with net income from brokerage fees also declining [19] Asset Management - The asset management business showed stability, with net income from this segment at CNY 22.70 billion, a slight decrease of 1.44% year-on-year [21] - The public fund management scale of 14 licensed securities firms reached CNY 779.07 billion, up 7.59% from the end of 2023 [25] Proprietary Trading - Proprietary trading income totaled CNY 74.97 billion, down 8.66% year-on-year, but showed improvement in Q2 [28] - The focus on fixed-income investments by smaller firms contributed to the growth in proprietary trading performance [32] Investment Banking - Investment banking revenue dropped significantly to CNY 14.00 billion, a year-on-year decline of 41.07%, primarily due to a sharp decrease in IPO financing [35] - The IPO financing scale was CNY 32.49 billion, down 84.50% year-on-year [35] Credit Business - The margin financing balance was CNY 1.48 trillion, down 6.77% year-on-year, indicating a contraction in credit business [39] - Interest income from credit business fell to CNY 16.82 billion, down 29.07% year-on-year [39] Industry Development Trends - The new "National Nine Articles" emphasizes the political and public nature of the capital market, focusing on strong regulation, risk prevention, and promoting high-quality development [46]