全国已有超600所高校开设人工智能专业。但这一次，是师范院校。 近日，陕西师范大学人工智能与计算机学院即将揭牌，这已是近期又一所高调布局AI的师范类高校。 今年以来，淮北师范大学、南宁师范大学、内蒙古师范大学等多所大学相继成立人工智能学院。 就连北师大、华中师大、南师大等"双一流"师范名校，也早在教育部增设人工智能专业之初就已抢先布局。 作者 | 杜一兰 编辑 | 木 木 教育部2024年度普通高等学校本科专业备案和审批结果显示—— 仅一年时间，就有十多所师范类高校新增了人工智能专业。 但热潮之下，争议渐起： 缺乏工科底蕴的师范院校，凭什么办好高投入、高技术密度、高竞争的人工智能学科？ 其经费如何持续，师资又从何而来？毕业生竞争力又该如何保障？ 有专家直言，人工智能作为前沿领域，其知识体系正以前所未有的速度更新迭代。而师的知识结构已明显滞后于行业发展，这为其胜任人工智能相关课程 的教学工作带来了巨大挑战。 重重问号之下，师范院校的AI之路，或许才刚刚开始。 全国621所高校竞相布局AI 师范院校也"卷"进来了 近几年来最火的专业是什么？人工智能，肯定会在答案中占据一席之地。 从被纳入2018年度本科专业目录以 ...

Core Viewpoint - Tianjin University has announced multiple government procurement intentions for laboratory instruments, with a total budget of 103 million yuan, covering 45 items including advanced analytical and testing equipment [2][3]. Instrument Procurement Summary - The procurement includes various sophisticated instruments such as: - Nano Cell Analyzer: A device for analyzing nanoparticles using flow cytometry principles, capable of measuring particle size, concentration, and fluorescence intensity [4]. - Gel Permeation Chromatography System: A liquid chromatography technique for separating mixtures based on molecular size, widely used in polymer and biopharmaceutical analysis [5]. - Desktop Scanning Electron Microscope: A compact version of traditional SEM, designed for high-resolution observation and analysis in various fields including materials and biology [6]. Budget and Procurement Timeline - The total budget for the procurement is 103 million yuan, with the expected procurement time set for August to September 2025 [3][7]. Specific Instrument Details - Nano Cell Analyzer: Essential for environmental microbiology research, aiding in the rapid screening of microorganisms and analysis of microbial communities [8]. - Gel Permeation Chromatography System: Used for analyzing molecular weight distribution and purity in high molecular weight materials [5]. - Desktop Scanning Electron Microscope: Facilitates microstructural analysis and is suitable for educational purposes, allowing students to operate the equipment after minimal training [6]. Additional Instrumentation - Other notable instruments include: - High and Low Temperature Digital Bridge Testing System: For testing integrated circuits under extreme conditions [8]. - Gas Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer: For high-sensitivity analysis of organic pollutants in environmental samples [12]. - Intelligent Sensor Film Deposition and Etching Systems: For advanced semiconductor fabrication processes [11]. Educational Impact - The procurement aims to enhance the teaching and research capabilities of Tianjin University, particularly in environmental science and engineering, by providing students with hands-on experience with cutting-edge technology [12][14].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the completion of a significant adjustment in higher education disciplines and majors in China, aiming to align with national strategic needs by optimizing approximately 20% of academic programs by 2025 [1][2]. Group 1: Adjustments in Academic Programs - Over the past two years, Chinese universities have added 1,064 doctoral programs and 2,258 master's programs, while 27 doctoral and 285 master's programs were removed [1]. - A total of 3,715 new undergraduate programs were established, alongside the cancellation or suspension of 6,638 programs [1]. - In vocational education, 12,000 new programs were introduced, with over 8,200 programs being canceled [1]. Group 2: Focus on Strategic Needs - The adjustments are centered around building strong academic programs that meet national strategic and regional development needs, particularly in emerging fields such as new engineering, medicine, agriculture, and humanities [2]. - New disciplines such as artificial intelligence and integrated circuits have been introduced, with 290 reform pilot task proposals submitted by 97 universities across 18 provinces [2]. - The initiative includes the establishment of 29 new undergraduate programs in areas like international cruise management and health care [2]. Group 3: Importance of Dynamic Adjustments - Academic disciplines are crucial to the higher education system and play a significant role in moral education and technological innovation [3]. - The dynamic adjustment of academic programs is necessary to meet the evolving demands of the economy and industry, addressing the shortage of skilled talent in key areas [3]. - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology emphasizes the need for adjustments to enhance the integration of education and technology [3]. Group 4: Future Directions in Academic Development - Universities are encouraged to innovate and integrate resources to tackle new challenges in emerging fields [4]. - The focus is on unconventional talent cultivation and strategic academic layout to enhance industry-education integration [4]. - Quality remains a top priority in setting new academic programs, ensuring they align with national strategic needs and have a solid foundation [5]. Group 5: Mechanisms for Continuous Improvement - The Ministry of Education is working on a data platform to address mismatches in talent supply and demand, focusing on quantity, structure, and capability alignment [5]. - The upcoming action plan for 2025-2027 aims to enhance the alignment of academic programs with national strategic needs and technological development [5].

Core Insights - The total number of engineers in China increased from approximately 5.2 million in 2000 to about 17.7 million in 2020, indicating a significant "engineer dividend" [1] Group 1: Formation of Engineer Dividend - The "chain" aspect refers to the establishment of 32 National Excellent Engineer Colleges, the introduction of interdisciplinary subjects, and the promotion of "new engineering" education, which connects the education chain with the talent chain [1] - The "refinement" aspect highlights the practical training in major engineering projects like the "Jiang Hai" project, where engineers gain hands-on experience and tackle technical challenges in emerging strategic industries [1] Group 2: Future Outlook - There remains a notable gap in high-level engineers in China, emphasizing the need to cultivate a robust environment for engineer development [1] - Accelerating the construction of a large-scale team of excellent engineers will provide stronger support for nurturing new productive forces and promoting high-quality development [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need for reform in engineering education to align with the demands of the modern industrial landscape, particularly in the context of artificial intelligence and interdisciplinary knowledge integration [2][3]. Group 1: Current Challenges in Engineering Education - Over 80% of academic disciplines in Chinese universities are products of the first three industrial revolutions, leading to issues such as demand mismatch, outdated content, and insufficient capabilities [2]. - Traditional engineering education focuses too much on specialization, resulting in narrow knowledge bases and inadequate humanistic and innovative skills, which are essential in the AI era [2]. - The fragmentation of knowledge due to overly detailed specialization dilutes educational resources and weakens knowledge integration [3]. Group 2: Reform Initiatives in Engineering Education - Various universities are reforming their engineering talent cultivation models by enhancing new engineering layouts and breaking traditional academic structures [3][6]. - Shanghai Jiao Tong University has established four new colleges focused on electrical engineering, automation, computer science, and information engineering to support AI-driven technological revolutions [7]. - Peking University has restructured its departments to focus on cutting-edge fields like integrated circuits and intelligent technologies, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration [7]. Group 3: Curriculum Design Based on Industry Needs - Courses like "Engineering Finite Element and Numerical Calculation" are being adjusted to meet actual industry demands, emphasizing practical innovation capabilities [8]. - The integration of real-world engineering problems into the curriculum is crucial for developing students' engineering thinking and practical skills [8]. - Stanford University emphasizes the importance of AI and machine learning across all engineering disciplines, requiring students to complete a significant number of math and science credits [8]. Group 4: Professional Adjustments in Engineering Disciplines - The Ministry of Education's reform plan aims to optimize and adjust 20% of academic programs by 2025, leading to a wave of changes in undergraduate programs [10][16]. - Since the reform plan was announced, 3,229 new undergraduate programs have been established, while 2,534 have been discontinued, with engineering disciplines seeing the most significant adjustments [11]. - The engineering field has added 1,395 new programs, primarily in computer science, electronic information, and mechanical engineering, while also seeing a high number of program discontinuations [14]. Group 5: Future Directions for Professional Optimization - The focus of professional adjustment should start from engineering disciplines, addressing common pain points and promoting systemic knowledge integration [15]. - Future professional adjustments will emphasize the construction of new engineering, medical, agricultural, and liberal arts disciplines, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration [16]. - The government aims to enhance the responsiveness of professional settings to high-quality development needs, ensuring alignment with national strategies and market demands [17].

Core Insights - The current demand for engineering talent in China is shifting from a "large and comprehensive" approach to a more specialized focus, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary and innovative skills in the era of artificial intelligence [1][2][3] - Over 80% of academic disciplines in Chinese universities are products of the first three industrial revolutions, leading to issues such as outdated curricula and a mismatch between educational outcomes and industry needs [1][2] - The Ministry of Education has initiated a reform plan aiming to optimize and adjust 20% of academic programs by 2025, resulting in a significant number of new and discontinued engineering programs [5][9] Group 1: Industry Needs and Educational Reform - The engineering education system in China is facing challenges due to the traditional emphasis on specialization, which limits the breadth of knowledge and innovation capabilities among graduates [1][2] - Universities are increasingly collaborating with government and industry to cultivate engineering talent, with many institutions reforming their academic structures to better align with market demands [3][5] - The establishment of new colleges and programs focused on artificial intelligence and interdisciplinary studies is becoming a trend among leading universities, such as Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Peking University [3][4] Group 2: Program Adjustments and Trends - Since the implementation of the reform plan, 3,229 new undergraduate programs have been established, while 2,534 programs have been discontinued, with engineering disciplines seeing the most significant changes [5][9] - The most added engineering programs include those related to artificial intelligence, smart construction, and renewable energy, reflecting a shift towards emerging technologies [9][10] - The focus on practical and innovative teaching methods, such as project-based learning and industry collaboration, is being emphasized to enhance students' problem-solving skills and engineering thinking [4][12]

Core Viewpoint - The emergence of new research-oriented universities, referred to as the "Eight Little Dragons," has led to high admission scores that surpass many traditional 985 universities, indicating a shift in the higher education landscape in China [1][2]. Group 1: Admission Scores - The admission scores of new universities like Fuyou University and Ningbo Oriental Institute are impressively high, with Fuyou achieving a top score of 683 in Henan and Ningbo at 656, closely competing with Zhejiang University [1]. - Shenzhen University of Science and Technology and Shenzhen Institute of Technology have admission scores exceeding those of traditional 985 universities like Sun Yat-sen University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology [1]. Group 2: Reasons for High Scores - The "Eight Little Dragons" adopt a "small but elite" recruitment strategy, with institutions like South University of Science and Technology admitting only 38 students compared to Sun Yat-sen University's 2,500, resulting in higher admission scores due to smaller class sizes [1][2]. - These universities offer trendy programs, particularly in new engineering fields such as intelligent manufacturing and materials science, often in collaboration with major companies, enhancing their appeal [2]. - The rigorous training model emphasizes hands-on experience, with students at Shenzhen University of Science and Technology spending over 100 days in laboratories each year, and Fuyou University providing dual mentorship for undergraduates [2]. Group 3: Industry Impact and Future Outlook - The rise of these new universities is seen as a disruptive force in the higher education ecosystem, akin to a "catfish" stirring the waters, suggesting a potential transformation in educational practices and industry collaboration [2]. - There are concerns regarding the long-term viability of these institutions, as many have not yet graduated their first class, leading to uncertainty among prospective students and parents [2].

Core Viewpoint - The emergence of new research universities, referred to as the "Eight Little Dragons," has disrupted the traditional higher education landscape in China, with their admission scores surpassing many established 985 universities [1][2][3] Group 1: Admission Scores - The admission scores of new universities like Shenzhen University of Technology and Fuyou University have exceeded those of traditional 985 universities, indicating a shift in academic prestige [1] - Fuyou University achieved a top score of 683 in Henan, while Ningbo Oriental University of Technology had a score of 656, just 2 points shy of Zhejiang University [1] Group 2: Reasons for High Scores - The "Eight Little Dragons" adopt a "few but elite" recruitment strategy, with South University of Science and Technology admitting only 38 students compared to 2,500 at Sun Yat-sen University, leading to higher admission scores [2] - These universities offer trendy programs in emerging fields such as intelligent manufacturing and materials science, often in collaboration with major companies, enhancing their appeal [2] - The rigorous training model emphasizes hands-on experience, with students at Shenzhen University of Technology spending over 100 days in laboratories each year, which is more intensive than some graduate programs [2] Group 3: Impact on Higher Education - The rise of these new universities is seen as a positive disruption in China's higher education system, akin to a "catfish" stirring the educational ecosystem [3] - The focus on engineering and practical skills aims to produce graduates who are well-prepared for careers in both science and industry [3]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes that green development is essential for high-quality development, with the "dual carbon" goals driving a new wave of scientific and technological transformation in engineering education [1] - Traditional engineering education is transitioning from a single technology empowerment model to one focused on green empowerment, aligning with national needs and fostering green engineers for economic and social development [1] Group 2 - The establishment of a long-term talent cultivation mechanism is crucial, including the formation of a Green Engineer Training Committee to coordinate and develop policies for green engineering education [2] - A focus on comprehensive student development, innovation, and practical skills is necessary, with specific training standards and actionable teaching plans to achieve cultivation goals [2] Group 3 - The curriculum should integrate green development concepts across various courses, including general education, foundational, and core professional courses, to enhance students' understanding of green engineering principles [3] - A multi-disciplinary course system that includes economics, environmental science, and ecological design is recommended to broaden students' knowledge and foster interdisciplinary thinking [3] Group 4 - Practical teaching is a core element of curriculum construction, requiring alignment with industry needs and real-world applications to enhance students' cognitive skills and professional knowledge [4] - Collaboration with enterprises to establish green industry colleges and engineering laboratories is encouraged to provide students with hands-on experience in solving real engineering problems [4] Group 5 - Strengthening academic cooperation and research innovation capabilities is vital, with the establishment of green technology research centers and the integration of research resources to improve efficiency [5] - A mechanism for the interaction between research outcomes and curriculum development should be established to promote innovation and enhance educational quality [5] Group 6 - Creating a green campus culture centered on sustainable development is essential for enriching the practice of green engineering education [6] - The green campus culture can provide practical scenarios and case resources, helping students internalize the benefits of green engineering in their daily lives [6][7]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the strategic transformation of private higher education institutions in China, particularly focusing on Xi'an Mingde Polytechnic College under Shaanxi Jinye, which aims to align its educational offerings with national development strategies and industry needs, especially in the context of an aging population and the rise of the silver economy [1][2][3]. Group 1: Educational Strategy and Development - Xi'an Mingde Polytechnic College is actively restructuring its academic programs to meet the demands of the labor market, particularly in the health and wellness sector, in response to the aging population [2][3]. - The college has established a comprehensive application-oriented academic system, with 11 secondary colleges offering 32 undergraduate and 19 specialized programs, focusing on engineering and integrating various disciplines [2][3]. - The college's unique programs, such as Aircraft Manufacturing Engineering, have gained recognition, showcasing its strong practical capabilities and aligning with national strategic initiatives like "Made in China 2025" [2][3]. Group 2: Market Opportunities and Economic Impact - The aging population in China is projected to exceed 300 million by the end of 2024, creating significant opportunities in the health and wellness market, which is currently valued at approximately 7 trillion yuan and expected to grow to 30 trillion yuan by 2035 [2]. - The college is establishing a medical school and applying for nursing and wellness-related programs, creating a closed-loop ecosystem for recruitment, training, and employment [3]. Group 3: Institutional Growth and Infrastructure - Shaanxi Jinye's education sector reported a revenue of 500 million yuan in 2024, marking a 9.9% increase and accounting for 34.71% of the company's total revenue, indicating sustained growth since 2018 [4][5]. - The college has significantly expanded its infrastructure to accommodate over 20,000 students, enhancing its capacity for growth and development [4][5]. Group 4: AI Integration and Future Prospects - The college is leveraging AI technology to enhance educational delivery and integrate it across various disciplines, positioning itself at the forefront of educational innovation [3][5]. - The institution is preparing for a significant evaluation in 2026, which could lead to the authorization of master's degree programs, further increasing its attractiveness to prospective students [5][6].