Hulangamuwa 强调了斯里兰卡出口部门面临的持续挑战，他表示，出口多元化和增长不仅是政府 问题，而且是经济中更广泛的结构性挑战。他指出，虽然印度—斯里兰卡自贸协定带来了小幅收益，但 泰国自贸协定却因各种原因无法实施，甚至现有的贸易协定也因国内成本高昂而受到破坏。 （原标题：斯里兰卡须转向以服务主导的出口） 《金融时报》11月17日报道，总统经济事务和财政高级顾问Duminda Hulangamuwa表示，斯里兰卡 应将战略转向高价值服务出口，理由是尽管有数十年的激励措施和自由贸易协定（FTA），但根深蒂固 的结构性限制制约了该国扩大制造业出口的能力。 斯里兰卡的比较优势在于旅游、IT/BPM、物流和航运等服务业，而不是制造业。全球服装巨头优 衣库曾考虑在斯里兰卡投资，但需要一座雇用 10,000 名工人的工厂，这是该国无法提供的规模。"即使 我们在当地制造，大约 70% 的投入品都是进口的，这限制了国内的附加值。相比之下，数字和 IT 服务 或旅游业等服务出口产生了更高的外汇流入"。 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the significance of advancing the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP) amidst the current geopolitical landscape, particularly as China prepares to host APEC in 2026 [1][2] - Kishore Mahbubani highlights that the ongoing push for free trade agreements in East Asia lays a crucial foundation for the FTAAP, especially in light of the U.S. retreat from international trade agreements [1] - The potential inclusion of India in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is seen as a way to enhance regional cooperation and elevate the FTAAP's prospects [1] Group 2 - The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) has come into full effect, covering 15 countries with a total population of 2.3 billion and a GDP of $26 trillion, representing 30% of the global economy, making it the largest free trade area [2] - The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) is another significant trade agreement in the Asia-Pacific, involving 12 countries and setting high standards that can serve as a reference for the FTAAP [2] - Mahbubani asserts that the synergy between RCEP and CPTPP will facilitate the transition of FTAAP from a vision to a practical reality, with China's leadership role in APEC expected to inject new momentum into this process [2]

Core Insights - The forum emphasized the need for China to deepen reforms and expand openness to create a win-win situation amid global changes in economic governance [1][4] - Experts highlighted the importance of actively participating in the formulation of international economic rules and upgrading free trade agreements from quantity expansion to rule leadership [2][3] Group 1: Economic Strategy - The second China Free Trade Strategy Forum focused on the theme of "FTA-FTZ: China's 'External Shaping' and 'Internal Reform' Stress Field" [1] - The forum discussed the necessity for China to transform its approach from seeking "policy advantages" to promoting "institutional innovation" within its 22 free trade pilot zones [3] Group 2: International Cooperation - Experts reached a consensus on the need for China to enhance its engagement in international economic rule-making, especially given the challenges facing the multilateral trade system [2] - The forum underscored the importance of deepening economic cooperation with Global South countries [2] Group 3: Institutional Innovation - Specific paths for deepening institutional innovation were proposed, focusing on overcoming challenges in areas such as cross-border data flow, intellectual property protection, and green standards [3] - The forum highlighted the collaborative development mechanism between free trade pilot zones and free trade agreements, creating a dynamic "rule cycle" system [3] Group 4: Implementation Challenges - Experts stressed the need to address the "last mile" issue between policy and enterprise practice, advocating for digital tools and professional services to make trade agreements more accessible to businesses [3] - The goal is to enhance companies' capabilities in resource allocation, supply chain optimization, and technological innovation on a global scale [3]

Core Points - India and the European Union have agreed to continue discussions on sensitive issues related to steel, automotive industries, and carbon taxes as part of the proposed free trade agreement [1] - Indian Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal met with EU Trade Commissioner Valdis Dombrovskis, advocating for the elimination of tariffs and non-tariff barriers, and the establishment of a transparent and predictable regulatory framework to enhance bilateral trade [1] - The discussions will focus on the carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) and other EU regulations, which could impose tariffs ranging from 20% to 35% on Indian exports of steel, aluminum, and cement to the EU, representing a significant loss for India [1]

Core Insights - The UK-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (UKVFTA) has led to an average annual export growth rate of approximately 10% for Vietnam to the UK over the past four years, significantly outpacing Vietnam's overall trade growth with the EU [1] - The agreement has allowed Vietnam to maintain strong market shares and continuous growth in various competitive export products, while the UK has facilitated Vietnam's domestic production in high-tech products, pharmaceuticals, and raw materials, indicating the sustainability of bilateral trade [1] - The UKVFTA has created a favorable business environment that attracts quality capital, with total investment increasing from $3.7 billion to $4.7 billion over four years [1] - The effective implementation of the UKVFTA is reflected in the rapid growth of the utilization rate of preferential origin certificates, which rose from 17.2% in 2021 to 36.2%, surpassing the rates of the EVFTA (35%) and CPTPP (approximately 10%), indicating that Vietnamese enterprises are well aware of and actively utilizing the tariff benefits of the agreement [1]

Group 1: Core Views - The visit of President Xi Jinping to South Korea marks a significant step in elevating the China-South Korea strategic partnership, emphasizing the importance of friendly cooperation between the two nations [1] - The bilateral trade volume between China and South Korea is projected to reach $328.08 billion in 2024, reflecting a growth of 5.6%, with China being South Korea's largest trading partner for 21 consecutive years [2] - Economic cooperation serves as the cornerstone of China-South Korea relations, with both countries benefiting from deep integration of their industrial and supply chains [2] Group 2: Economic Cooperation - Since the implementation of the China-South Korea Free Trade Agreement in 2015, trade and investment liberalization have improved, expanding cooperation from traditional manufacturing to emerging sectors such as high-end manufacturing, cross-border e-commerce, and the digital economy [2] - The popularity of South Korean cosmetics and films in China, alongside the success of Chinese smart home appliances in South Korea, illustrates the growing scale and diversity of economic collaboration [2] - Experts suggest that both countries can explore more complementary areas for future cooperation, particularly in clean energy, biotechnology, and artificial intelligence [2] Group 3: Cultural Exchange - Cultural exchanges are highlighted as a vital link in maintaining the relationship between China and South Korea, with calls for deepening mutual understanding and solidifying public support for friendship [3] - The close geographical and cultural ties have led to increased people-to-people interactions, such as the popularity of Chinese language learning among South Korean youth and tourism between the two countries [3] - Recent acts of heroism, such as a Chinese driver protecting South Korean tourists and a South Korean coast guard officer sacrificing his life to save a Chinese citizen, exemplify the deepening friendship between the two peoples [3] Group 4: Strategic Cooperation - In light of the evolving global landscape and increasing uncertainties, both countries express a commitment to uphold their diplomatic principles and mutual benefits, aiming to advance their strategic partnership for the betterment of their peoples [4] - The collaboration is positioned as a means to contribute positively to regional stability and prosperity, as well as to the construction of an Asia-Pacific community [4]

Group 1 - Canadian Prime Minister Carney plans to meet with Chinese leaders during the APEC summit to repair diplomatic relations and address trade disputes [1] - Carney has praised China as a country "led by engineers" and is looking to reset expectations for future relations, including the possibility of easing investment restrictions and negotiating a free trade agreement [1] - China is identified as Canada's second-largest trading partner and a significant global economic player, with no high-level contact between the two countries for seven years until Carney's recent meeting with the Chinese Premier [1] Group 2 - Professor Li Haidong suggests that Carney's statements reflect a pragmatic choice in response to internal and external challenges, emphasizing the need for Canada to change its previous ideologically biased policies towards China [2] - Canada is seeking to reduce its dependence on the U.S. amid rising trade protectionism, with recent U.S. tariffs on Canadian goods, including a 50% tariff on steel and aluminum, significantly impacting Canadian manufacturing [2]

Core Insights - The Irish beverage industry is experiencing a modest growth in spirits exports, with a volume increase of 2.8% and a value increase of 11.8%, primarily driven by supply chain inflation [1] Export Performance - The largest market for Irish whiskey remains the United States, accounting for 40% of total whiskey exports, although sales to the U.S. declined by 3.5% last year [1] - Exports to Canada also saw a decrease of 3.6% [1] Market Trends - Despite facing challenges, the Irish spirits market is expected to show positive trends, with a notable success in India where sales surged by 57.5% due to the growth of affluent populations [1] - India has now surpassed the UK in the market ranking for Irish whiskey [1] Competitive Challenges - The recently signed UK-India free trade agreement will halve the tariff levels for UK spirits, while Irish whiskey and EU products will still face a 150% tariff in India, posing significant competitive challenges for Irish exports [1] - The Irish Beverage Association and the Irish Whiskey Association are advocating for the EU Commission to prioritize a free trade agreement with India to maintain competitiveness [1]

Core Points - Iran has signed a three-year economic cooperation plan with the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), focusing on transportation and logistics [1] - The agreement aims to enhance the International North-South Transport Corridor and eliminate import barriers in Iran [1] - A "green customs" framework will be established, promoting the development of an electronic transit system [1] Trade Agreements - In 2018, Iran first signed a temporary trade agreement with the EAEU, which has now been replaced by a comprehensive free trade agreement in 2023 [1] - The new agreement grants preferential access to over 7,500 goods, set to take effect in May 2025 [1] - This agreement is expected to pave the way for deeper cooperation in industrial, agricultural, and energy sectors in the coming years [1]

Core Points - Australia and the UAE have upgraded their bilateral relationship to a strategic partnership and welcomed the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) that will take effect on October 1, 2023 [1][2] - The CEPA is Australia's first free trade agreement in the Middle East, aimed at enhancing cooperation and expanding economic ties between the two nations [1] - The agreement is expected to provide Australian businesses with a competitive advantage in the rapidly growing Middle Eastern market, with the UAE serving as a key logistics hub [1] - Following the full implementation of the CEPA, over 99% of Australian export products will enter the UAE duty-free, saving approximately AUD 185 million for Australian exporters in the first year [1] Trade and Investment - The UAE is currently Australia's largest trade and investment partner in the Middle East, with a bilateral trade volume reaching AUD 12.3 billion in 2024 [2]