研究结果显示，到本世纪末，预计将有近8000种物种面临不适宜的生存条件，包括气候变化导致的极端 高温以及人类活动导致的栖息地丧失。 以色列内盖夫本-古里安大学、英国牛津大学等机构的研究人员在学术期刊《全球变化生物学》上报告 说，城市化、农业扩张等土地利用方式变化以及其他人类活动，正在破坏动物的自然栖息地，并可能引 发大规模物种灭绝。 研究人员对近3万种哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物和两栖动物的生存状况进行了分析，研究了它们偏好的 栖息地环境、可承受的温度范围，以及21世纪气候变化和土地利用变化的预测情况。 新华社耶路撒冷12月18日电（记者王卓伦 冯国芮）一个国际团队日前发布的研究显示，由于气候变化 引发极端高温、人类活动挤压栖息地，到本世纪末，近8000种哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物和两栖动物可 能面临灭绝风险。 研究指出，非洲萨赫勒地区、巴西大片区域以及中东部分地区受影响尤为严重。地球未来可能面临物种 多样性大幅下降、生态系统遭受破坏的局面，这将对人类生存环境造成严重影响。研究人员希望采取全 球行动加强环境和自然保护，以维护生物多样性。（完） ...

Core Viewpoint - A landmark lawsuit has been filed in Japan against the central government for its alleged unconstitutional inaction on climate change, marking the first of its kind in the country [1][3]. Group 1: Lawsuit Details - Hundreds of citizens are suing the Japanese government, claiming that insufficient measures to address the climate crisis have endangered the health and livelihoods of approximately 450 plaintiffs [3]. - The lawsuit asserts that the government's actions violate the plaintiffs' rights to a peaceful life and a stable climate environment [3]. Group 2: Criticism of Government Targets - The lawsuit criticizes Japan's latest emission reduction targets, stating they do not align with the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius [3]. - Japan's Nationally Determined Contributions aim for a 60% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 2013 levels, and a 73% reduction by 2040, but these targets are deemed "far below" the global reduction goals outlined in the latest UN assessment [3]. - The lack of legal binding on these targets is highlighted as a significant constitutional issue [3]. Group 3: Implications and Expert Opinions - Experts suggest that this lawsuit is more groundbreaking than previous cases as it seeks to hold the state accountable for its inaction on climate issues [3]. - While the likelihood of winning the case may be low, the lawsuit could succeed in raising public awareness due to its resonant messaging [3].

Core Viewpoint - The Brazilian government has approved a new national climate plan to implement the goals of the Paris Agreement and promote a low-carbon transition, providing a clear roadmap for action [1]. Group 1: Emission Reduction Targets - The new plan sets specific emission reduction targets across eight sectors, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from 2.04 billion tons of CO2 equivalent in 2022 to 1.2 billion tons by 2030, and further down to between 850 million and 1.05 billion tons by 2035 [2]. - The overall goal is to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, while also emphasizing the need to enhance resilience to climate change [2]. Group 2: Adaptation and Action Plans - The plan includes 16 sectors and thematic action plans for adapting to climate change, covering areas such as public health, tourism, energy, transportation, disaster risk reduction, water resources, food security, and biodiversity, with over 800 specific actions proposed [2]. - The Brazilian government will continuously improve the national climate plan through biennial assessments and systematic revisions every four years to ensure alignment with climate science advancements and international commitments [2].

Core Insights - The dialogue emphasizes the successful innovation system in China, highlighting its ability to transform academic research into marketable technologies, particularly in sectors like AI, electric vehicles, and biotechnology [11][12] - There is a call for a more cooperative and less confrontational relationship between Europe and China, especially in the context of global governance and technological development [4][6] Group 1: China's Innovation System - China's innovation system is noted for its effective integration of academic research into the economy, showcasing a successful collaboration between public and private sectors [11] - The long-term vision and risk-taking approach in China's innovation trajectory are highlighted as key factors for success, particularly in emerging technologies [12] - The ability to manage energy consumption and data governance in the context of AI and digital economy is identified as a significant challenge [12][13] Group 2: Global Cooperation and Governance - The current global governance system is undergoing profound changes, with a need for new paths to address issues like inequality and climate change [4][5] - The rise of populism and political polarization in Europe is seen as a barrier to understanding the importance of diversity and cooperation with China [5][7] - There is a recognition of the need for a balanced approach to economic development that considers community welfare and environmental sustainability [5][6] Group 3: Future of International Relations - The dialogue suggests that a multipolar perspective is essential for future relations, advocating for the recognition of diversity as a value rather than a threat [7] - The importance of collaboration with various countries, not just major powers, is emphasized to enhance understanding and cooperation [8] - The potential for mutual benefits through cooperation in technology and energy transition is highlighted, with a focus on shared goals and respect for sovereignty [6][13]

该论文介绍，全球冰川正在急速消退，这一趋势与海平面上升有关，但单个冰川的消失也蕴含着文 化、精神和经济影响，冰川在一些社区中有着文化和精神含义，每年吸引数百万游客，也是下游地区的 重要水源。 本项研究于2025年10月拍摄的一处冰川前缘冰洞内影像(图片来自Lander Van Tricht)。施普林格·自然 供图 施普林格·自然旗下专业学术期刊《自然-气候变化》最新发表一篇建模研究论文称，全球每年消失 的冰川数量预计将急剧上升，到21世纪中叶达到2000-4000座，具体取决于相较于工业化前水平的升温 程度，论文作者指出，如限制变暖在1.5°C，到2100年，将比变暖2.7°C的场景下冰川存续数量翻倍，并 防止在4.0°C升温下冰川近乎完全消失的局面。 本项研究于2025年10月拍摄的一处冰川前缘冰洞内影像(图片来自Lander Van Tricht)。施普林格·自然 供图 同时，以小型冰川为主的地区，如欧洲的阿尔卑斯山脉和亚热带的安第斯山脉，预计将较早达到峰 值，在未来20年内可能有50%的冰川消失。拥有大冰川的地区如格陵兰岛和南极周边，将在21世纪后期 达到冰川消亡峰值。 本项研究在瑞士一处冰川进行质量平 ...

全球范围的核电站重启，推高了对铀的需求。今年9月，世界核协会对未来全球核能发电装机总量进行 预测。根据该协会的中间估值，到2040年，全球核能发电装机总量预计将比2024年翻一番，达到746吉 瓦。全球核反应堆所需的铀量也将从2025年的水平翻一番，达到15万吨。 加拿大拉拉米德矿业公司的首席执行官马克·亨德森上月底在节目中甚至断言，如今铀正迎来民用核能 产业诞生以来的"最大牛市"，且这种强劲的增长态势将持续至2040年。 【环球时报综合报道】在全球人工智能（AI）普及和应对气候变化措施的双重驱动下，电力需求激 增，这一趋势推动着全球核电站的重启，从而引发对铀——核反应堆主要原料的抢购，引发市场对其供 应短缺的担忧。《日经亚洲评论》日前梳理发现，近日，国际市场上铀浓缩物现货价格达到每磅75.85 美元，比2021年初的价格翻了一番以上。此外，更能反映实际需求的铀浓缩物长期合同价格达到每磅86 美元，创下自2008年以来的最高水平。 近日，日本北海道知事批准重启当地一座核反应堆，称此举将确保电力供应稳定。东京电力控股公司位 于新潟县的一座核电站也在获得当地政府同意后，正朝着恢复运行的方向推进。 美国目前也在大力 ...

Core Insights - The 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30) concluded in Belém, Brazil, marking the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement and held in a critical climate crisis area, under significant political pressure and global expectations [1][21][22] - The absence of the U.S. federal government at COP30, following its second withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, has raised concerns about the future of global climate governance and has become a major topic of discussion [2][22] Group 1: U.S. Absence and Its Implications - The U.S. absence is seen as a structural variable affecting negotiations, particularly in funding commitments and political coordination among developed countries [2][22][27] - The lack of U.S. representation has made it difficult for developed nations to coordinate climate funding for developing countries, leading to challenges in achieving financial commitments [27] - Despite the absence of the federal government, many state governments, businesses, and academic representatives from the U.S. attended, indicating a division in U.S. domestic opinion on climate change [28][29] Group 2: Energy Transition and Fossil Fuel Debate - The conference focused on advancing the COP28 UAE consensus, with China advocating for the continuation of this framework rather than introducing new fossil fuel exit roadmaps [32][34] - China has set ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, aiming for a 7%-10% reduction from peak levels by 2035, alongside a significant increase in non-fossil energy consumption [11][35] - The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy is recognized as a complex challenge, requiring significant technological and infrastructural adjustments [36] Group 3: Trade Tensions and Funding Challenges - Trade issues were a significant focus at COP30, with many developing countries uniting against unilateral measures proposed by developed nations, particularly the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) [37][38] - Funding remains a critical challenge, with developing countries urgently needing financial support to address climate change, as mandated by the Paris Agreement [40] - The COP30 outcomes included a commitment to double adaptation funding by 2025 and at least triple it by 2035, emphasizing the need for developed countries to fulfill their financial obligations [41][42]

原告方指出，壳牌约占全球化石燃料产生的温室气体排放量的2%，加剧了台风"雷伊"的破坏性。台 风"雷伊"于2021年12月在菲律宾造成405人死亡，逾1000万人受影响。 据菲律宾"询问者"网站11日报道，来自菲律宾宿务省、保和省等受超级台风"雷伊"重创的103名幸存者 已向英国法院提起民事诉讼，指控英荷壳牌石油公司长期投资化石燃料、加剧气候变化，间接导致该台 风破坏力增强。 报道援引菲律宾人权委员会2022年发布的《气候变化全国调查报告》指出，全球主要化石燃料企业"混 淆、阻挠并拖延"向可再生能源转型的努力，并强调气候变化已影响菲律宾人的生命、食物和水安全 等。 报道还援引菲律宾民间组织的观点指出，壳牌公司自20世纪60年代中期起便知晓其对气候变化的影响， 但仍持续投资化石能源。 报道援引一些幸存者回忆称，他们在台风中"一瞬间"失去家园与生计，数年后仍难以完全恢复。幸存者 代表表示，此次诉讼既是为了寻求赔偿用于重建生活，也是为了下一代避免经历更严重的灾害。 （文章来源：新华网） 报道说，原告方向壳牌索赔，以补偿台风造成的损失。他们认为，根据"污染者付费"原则，应由造成气 候危害的一方承担成本。 据报道，本案在 ...

Core Viewpoint - Japan is experiencing a significant increase in bear attacks, with 235 reported injuries and 13 fatalities since April, marking a historical high for the country [3][6]. Impact on Tourism Industry - The bear attacks have adversely affected the tourism sector, particularly in Nagano Prefecture, where a historic inn lost over 300 bookings due to safety concerns [6]. - The presence of bears in populated areas has led to school closures and warnings from foreign embassies to their citizens traveling in rural Japan [6][8]. Reasons for Bear Activity in Winter - Climate change is identified as a key factor disrupting the ecological balance, with average temperatures in Hokkaido rising by 2.4 degrees Celsius over the past 30 years, shortening the hibernation period of bears [8][9]. - A poor harvest of beech and oak acorns in 2025 has left Asian black bears without sufficient fat reserves for winter, leading to increased activity [8][9]. - Japan's declining population and abandoned farmland have blurred the boundaries between forests and human habitation, resulting in more frequent bear encounters [8][9]. Bear Population Growth - The bear population in Japan is increasing at an annual rate of 15%, with numbers rising from approximately 15,000 in 2012 to around 54,000 this year [9][10]. - If left unmanaged, the bear population could double in five years, posing further risks to human safety and the tourism industry [9][10].

Core Viewpoint - Japan is facing a significant increase in bear attacks, attributed to climate change and demographic issues, leading to heightened concerns in tourism and public safety [1][4]. Group 1: Bear Attacks and Statistics - Since April, at least 235 people have been injured in bear attacks across Japan, with 13 fatalities, marking a historical high in casualties [1]. - In a single day on December 4, multiple bear attacks resulted in injuries to at least 5 individuals, highlighting the severity of the situation [3]. - The Nagano Prefecture recorded its first winter bear attack since tracking began in 1977, indicating a troubling trend [3]. Group 2: Impact on Tourism - The bear attacks have adversely affected the tourism industry, with over 300 bookings canceled at a historic inn in Akita due to safety concerns [3]. - The presence of bears in populated areas has led to school closures and residents avoiding outdoor activities after dark, further impacting local tourism [3]. Group 3: Climate Change and Ecological Factors - Climate change is disrupting the ecological balance, with average temperatures in Hokkaido rising by 2.4 degrees Celsius over the past 30 years, leading to shorter hibernation periods for bears [6]. - A significant food shortage for Asian black bears is anticipated in 2025, as key food sources like beech and oak acorns are expected to fail, exacerbating the bears' search for food [6]. Group 4: Demographic Issues - Japan's declining population and increased abandonment of farmland are contributing to the blurred boundaries between bear habitats and human settlements, leading to more frequent bear encounters [6]. - The mechanization of agriculture has reduced the workforce needed to manage farmland, making it easier for bears to invade [6]. Group 5: Bear Population Growth - The bear population in Japan is increasing at an annual rate of 15%, with estimates rising from approximately 15,000 bears in 2012 to around 54,000 in the current year [7]. - Without intervention, the bear population could double in five years, posing a significant risk to human safety and local ecosystems [7].