■规划引领 破解地方同质化发展困局（一） □ 杨成长 龚 芳 袁宇泽 编者按 自去年7月中央政治局会议首次提出防止"内卷式"恶性竞争以来，党中央、国务院出台多项政策举措， 明确推进全国统一大市场建设，规范地方招商引资行为。过去40余年，地方政府之间的良性竞争推动了 我国经济快速发展，但随着我国经济发展进入新常态，地方之间政策洼地竞争、产业布局趋同、低水平 重复建设等现象日渐突出。如何有效引导各地充分发挥自身特色和优势，形成错位发展的良性竞争格 局，是激发地方经济活力、开创"十五五"高质量发展新局面的关键所在。各地同质化竞争与发展规划趋 同之间密切相关，当前正值"十五五"规划编制的关键时期，要充分发挥规划在引领地区差异化发展上的 重要作用，从源头上引导各地明确优势，找准定位，实现良性竞争。为此，本报今起刊发由申万宏源研 究撰写的"规划引领 破解地方同质化发展困局"系列研究报告，从规划编制理念、发展目标、产业布 局、区域优势挖掘及数字化发展等方面，引导各地打造区域特色，促进地方经济差异化发展。 □ 从源头上解决内卷问题，必须重视规划引领。规划趋同是导致地方同质化竞争的重要原因之一。目前 正值"十五五"规划编制的关 ...

今日摘要 习近平夫妇会见柬埔寨国王和太后。 习近平会见俄罗斯国家杜马主席。 李强主持国务院第十五次专题学习。 赵乐际主持召开十四届全国人大常委会第四十八次委员长会议，决定十四届全国人大常委会第十七次会 议9月8日至12日在京举行。 全国政协十四届常委会第十三次会议举行全体会议，围绕"制定国民经济和社会发展'十五五'规划"进行 大会发言，王沪宁出席。 韩正会见韩国总统特使。 国务院印发《关于深入实施"人工智能+"行动的意见》。 "十四五"时期，我国构建起全球最大、发展最快的可再生能源体系。 以军袭击纳赛尔医院致多家媒体记者死亡，多方予以强烈谴责。 内容速览 习近平夫妇会见柬埔寨国王和太后 8月26日上午，国家主席习近平和夫人彭丽媛在中南海亲切会见柬埔寨国王西哈莫尼和太后莫尼列。 赵乐际主持召开十四届全国人大常委会第四十八次委员长会议 决定十四届全国人大常委会第十七次会 议9月8日至12日在京举行 十四届全国人大常委会第四十八次委员长会议26日上午在京举行。赵乐际委员长主持。会议决定，十四 届全国人大常委会第十七次会议9月8日至12日在北京举行。 赵乐际同瑞士联邦议会联邦院议长会谈 全国人大常委会委员长赵乐际26 ...

Group 1: Economic Development and Planning - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is crucial for achieving socialist modernization and requires a focus on maintaining reasonable economic growth while emphasizing quality and sustainability [1] - The "15th Five-Year Plan" is seen as a key period for advancing rural revitalization and building a strong agricultural nation, with a focus on technological innovation and efficient resource reallocation [2] - The need for a strategic approach to population development is highlighted, emphasizing the importance of quality, quantity, structure, and distribution in relation to high-quality economic and social development [2] Group 2: Environmental and Ecological Considerations - The "15th Five-Year Plan" is a pivotal time for ecological improvement, necessitating a commitment to high-level protection that supports high-quality development [3] - Recommendations include accelerating the transition to a green and low-carbon economy and promoting the construction of beautiful China initiatives [3] Group 3: Market Dynamics and Competition - The impact of "involution" competition on market vitality and public welfare is addressed, with a call for orderly exit of backward production capacity and regulation of low-price competition [4] - The need for collaborative efforts across policy, market, and public welfare to achieve high-quality economic development and improve living standards is emphasized [4]

Core Viewpoint - The "15th Five-Year Plan" aims to achieve high-quality economic development through the expansion of domestic demand and the overall leap in new productive forces, which will mutually drive each other [2][20]. Group 1: Macroeconomic Environment - The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is crucial for achieving socialist modernization by 2035, with a key quantitative goal of doubling GDP per capita from 2020 levels by 2035, requiring an average annual GDP growth rate of over 4.4% from 2026 to 2035 [4][5]. - The external environment will face increased geopolitical risks and uncertainties, necessitating a focus on domestic development to maintain strategic initiative [7][9]. - Internally, insufficient effective demand, particularly in consumer spending, is identified as a major contradiction, with China's consumption rate significantly lower than that of developed countries [9][12]. Group 2: Internal Changes - The aging population will accelerate during the "15th Five-Year Plan," with the proportion of people aged 65 and over expected to reach 18.3% by 2030, posing challenges to economic growth and consumer demand [12]. - Urbanization will transition from rapid growth to stable development, with the urbanization rate projected to reach 70% by 2024, indicating significant potential for domestic demand expansion [15][16]. - The shift towards new industrialization is essential, with a focus on technological innovation to upgrade industrial structures and avoid falling into the "middle-income trap" [19][41]. Group 3: Domestic Demand as a Mainline - The plan emphasizes the need to enhance income distribution systems to increase residents' disposable income, particularly for middle and low-income groups, which are crucial for expanding domestic demand [23][27]. - Strengthening social security for middle and low-income groups is a priority, with a focus on improving public services and reducing household consumption burdens [29]. - Optimizing the consumption supply structure is vital, with a significant shift towards service consumption expected as the economy matures [30][31]. Group 4: Technological Advancement - The "15th Five-Year Plan" will prioritize the development of new productive forces, focusing on localized industrial development and breaking through key technological bottlenecks [42][43]. - Emphasis will be placed on increasing investment in basic research and development, aiming to raise the proportion of basic R&D spending significantly [45]. - The plan will also support the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, promoting high-end, intelligent, and green manufacturing practices [49][50]. Group 5: Consumption Mechanisms - Establishing a long-term mechanism to promote consumption is critical, with potential indicators for consumption rates being introduced to guide economic policy [33][36]. - The plan will enhance statistical methods related to consumption to better reflect its impact on economic growth [36]. - Local government assessment mechanisms will be adjusted to prioritize consumption promotion, moving away from production-oriented evaluations [36][37].

Group 1 - The report outlines the core objectives of the "14th Five-Year Plan," emphasizing economic development, social progress, ecological improvement, and enhanced governance efficiency as key areas of focus [11][12][13] - The "15th Five-Year Plan" is positioned as a critical phase connecting the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the "16th Five-Year Plan," with significant implications for achieving the 2035 vision [3][5] - The report highlights the importance of innovation and technology in driving economic growth, with a focus on enhancing the capabilities of state-owned enterprises and fostering a modern industrial system [5][35] Group 2 - The report indicates that the economic growth rate averaged 5.5% over the past four years, with a projected GDP of approximately 140 trillion yuan for the current year [19][16] - It notes that the contribution of final consumption to economic growth has increased, reaching an average of 56.2% over the past four years, which is an improvement of 8.6 percentage points compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan" period [19] - The report emphasizes the need for a robust consumer spending mechanism to support economic recovery, highlighting the importance of increasing residents' disposable income [18] Group 3 - The report discusses the significant progress made in ecological transformation, with energy consumption per unit of GDP decreasing by 11.6% over the past four years, positioning China as one of the fastest countries in terms of energy intensity reduction [29][30] - It highlights the improvement in air quality, with the proportion of days with good air quality remaining stable at around 87%, which is a 3 percentage point increase compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan" period [30][32] - The report also mentions the increase in renewable energy generation capacity, which has surpassed coal power for the first time, reflecting a shift towards cleaner energy sources [30][29] Group 4 - The report outlines the advancements in high-tech industries, with the added value of high-tech manufacturing increasing by 42% compared to the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" period [35] - It emphasizes the growth of the digital economy, with the core industries' added value rising by 73.8%, accounting for 10.4% of GDP [35] - The report indicates that the number of high-value invention patents per ten thousand people has reached 15.3, surpassing the target set for the "14th Five-Year Plan" [38]

Core Insights - The General Administration of Customs has made significant progress in modernization since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan, supporting high-quality development and high-level openness [1][2] - The customs authority aims to enhance regulation, security, convenience, and strict enforcement against smuggling in the upcoming 15th Five-Year Plan [1] Group 1: Trade Volume and Taxation - Customs has an average annual supervision of 5.2 billion tons of import and export goods, with a total value of 41.5 trillion yuan, making it the largest globally [1] - Cumulatively, customs has collected taxes amounting to 9.7 trillion yuan [1] Group 2: Innovation and New Business Models - Customs has innovated regulatory models for cross-border e-commerce, overseas warehouses, and bonded operations, promoting regional coordinated development and enhancing new momentum in foreign trade [1] - Exports of "new three samples" are projected to increase by 2.6 times from 2020 levels by 2024 [1] Group 3: International Cooperation and Trade Facilitation - Customs has signed 519 cooperation documents with foreign entities, with imports and exports with Belt and Road countries reaching 22 trillion yuan, accounting for over half of China's total trade [2] - The customs authority has implemented 108 reform and innovation measures to create a more convenient, safe, and predictable trade environment [2] Group 4: Port and Special Zone Development - A total of 40 new and expanded open ports have been established, bringing the total to 311, creating a comprehensive open layout for trade [2] - Special customs supervision areas, such as comprehensive bonded zones, contribute to one-fifth of the national import and export value despite occupying less than one-twentieth of the land area [2] Group 5: Hainan Free Trade Port - The Hainan Free Trade Port is set to officially launch its full island closure by the end of the year, with preparations underway for customs supervision and the implementation of a smart supervision platform [3]

8月25日，国家发展改革委主任郑栅洁主持召开企业座谈会，围绕科学编制"十五五"规划，听取关于扩 内需、稳就业等方面意见建议。座谈会上，企业负责人逐一介绍自身生产经营和所在行业发展情况，并 对"十五五"时期发展提出了具体政策建议；郑栅洁认真听取企业发言，与大家深入沟通交流。 参会企业表示，面对近年来国际国内市场发展新机遇、新挑战，企业积极谋划转型发展，着力推动国内 外市场相互联通、相互促进，努力服务构建新发展格局。建议国家在编制"十五五"规划时，进一步完善 扩大国内需求、促进市场有序竞争、知识产权保护、绿色低碳发展、企业人才和用工保障等方面政策， 助力企业实现更好发展。同时，与会企业表示将加快创新发展，自觉抵制无序竞争，积极稳岗扩岗，为 经济持续向好发展作出更多努力。 郑栅洁表示，"十五五"时期，我国发展环境面临深刻复杂变化，同时中国特色社会主义制度优势、超大 规模市场优势、完整产业体系优势、丰富人才资源优势将更加彰显，我们要坚定发展信心，有效应对各 种风险挑战，持续推动经济社会高质量发展。对企业提出的意见建议，将在"十五五"规划编制工作中认 真研究吸纳。希望企业增强信心、抓住机遇，充分利用国内国际两个市场两种 ...

Group 1 - The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is focusing on the "14th Five-Year Plan" to enhance domestic demand and stabilize employment, with input from various enterprises on their operational conditions and industry developments [1][2] - Enterprises are actively planning transformation and development to connect domestic and international markets, suggesting that the NDRC improve policies related to expanding domestic demand, promoting orderly competition, protecting intellectual property, and supporting green and low-carbon development [1][2] - The NDRC emphasizes the importance of leveraging China's institutional advantages, large market size, complete industrial system, and rich talent resources to respond to complex changes in the development environment and promote high-quality economic and social development [2] Group 2 - The NDRC will carefully consider the suggestions from enterprises during the planning process and encourages businesses to enhance confidence, seize opportunities, and engage in orderly market competition [2] - Key companies participating in the meeting include Shandong Wanhua Chemical Group, Jiangxi Jinko Energy, Sichuan XGIMI Technology, Guangdong Haida Group, and Jiangsu Tiangong Technology, indicating a diverse representation of industries [2]

郑栅洁主任表示，"十五五"时期，我国发展环境面临深刻复杂变化，同时中国特色社会主义制度优势、 超大规模市场优势、完整产业体系优势、丰富人才资源优势将更加彰显，我们要坚定发展信心，有效应 对各种风险挑战，持续推动经济社会高质量发展。对企业提出的意见建议，将在"十五五"规划编制工作 中认真研究吸纳。希望企业增强信心、抓住机遇，充分利用国内国际两个市场两种资源，有序开展市场 竞争，为扩内需、稳就业多作贡献。国家发展改革委将深入贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，不断完 善扩内需政策举措，积极营造公平竞争市场环境，支持企业加快技术和产品创新、增加优质供给，扎实 稳就业扩就业、促进高质量充分就业。同时，加强政企常态化沟通交流，点面结合帮助解决企业实际困 难，促进民营经济健康发展、高质量发展。 编辑 刘佳妮 新京报讯 8月25日，国家发展改革委主任郑栅洁主持召开企业座谈会，围绕科学编制"十五五"规划，听 取关于扩内需、稳就业等方面意见建议。座谈会上，企业负责人逐一介绍自身生产经营和所在行业发展 情况，并对"十五五"时期发展提出了具体政策建议；郑栅洁主任认真听取企业发言，与大家深入沟通交 流。 山东万华化学集团、江西晶科能源、 ...

8月25日，国家发改委主任郑栅洁主持召开企业座谈会，围绕科学编制“十五五”规划，听取关于扩内需、稳就业等方面意见建议。不断完善扩内需政策举措，积极营造公平竞争市场环境，支持企业加快技术和产品创新、增加优质供给，扎实稳就业扩就业、促进高质量充分就业。同时，加强政企常态化沟通交流，点面结合帮助解决企业实际困难，促进民营经济健康发展、高质量发展。 ...