Group 1 - The Vietnamese Ministry of Finance reported a significant decrease in public debt as a percentage of GDP, dropping from 55.9% in 2020 to 34% in 2024 [1] - Government debt as a percentage of GDP is projected to be 31.8% in 2024, down from 49.9% in 2020, while government-guaranteed debt will decrease to 2.2% [1] - External debt as a percentage of GDP is also expected to decline from 47.9% in 2020 to 27.9% in 2024, indicating reduced reliance on external loans [1] Group 2 - The government debt service burden relative to national budget revenue is expected to decrease from 21.2% in 2020 to 18.9% in 2024 [1] - There is an increasing trend in the ratio of external debt repayment to the value of goods and services exports, rising from 5.7% in 2020 to 7.8% in 2024, suggesting a need for continued export growth to maintain debt repayment capacity [1] - The National Assembly of Vietnam has set a public debt ceiling not to exceed 60% of GDP, with a warning threshold of 55% [2]

Group 1 - European major stock indices opened collectively lower, with the German DAX30 down 0.56%, the UK FTSE 100 down 0.50%, the French CAC40 down 1.31%, and the Euro Stoxx 50 down 0.88% [1] - As of the report, the French CAC40 index's decline expanded to 1.89%, currently at 7694.59 points, with BNP Paribas shares falling 4.7%, marking the largest drop in the CAC40 index [1] - French Prime Minister Borne announced plans to request a confidence vote in the National Assembly, expected to take place on September 8, amid serious economic and political challenges facing France [1][2] Group 2 - Borne highlighted that public debt has been increasing by €12 million every hour over the past 20 years, with interest payments projected to become the largest budget item, estimated at €66 billion this year and potentially reaching €75 billion next year [1] - The decline in European stocks may also be influenced by U.S. President Trump's recent actions, including the dismissal of Federal Reserve Board member Lisa Cook over mortgage fraud allegations, which led to a drop in U.S. stocks and affected European market sentiment [2] - Morgan Stanley's latest forecast indicates that the Federal Reserve is expected to cut interest rates by 25 basis points in September and December, a shift from previous predictions that rates would remain unchanged until 2025 [2]

Key Points - As of July 1, Azerbaijan's external debt stands at $5.01 billion, with 85.1% in US dollars, 6.5% in euros, 3.4% in SDR, 3.3% in Japanese yen, and 1.7% in other currencies [1] - The structure of external debt interest rates shows that 49.3% is at floating rates while 50.7% is at fixed rates [1] - In terms of repayment terms, 49.9% of external debt has a maturity of less than 5 years, 44.1% must be repaid within 5 to 10 years, and 6% has a maturity of over 10 years [1] - Concurrently, domestic debt amounts to 171.8 million manats ($10.11 billion), with 80.3 million manats ($4.72 billion) in government securities and 91.5 million manats ($5.38 billion) in government-guaranteed debt [1] - The maturity structure of government securities indicates that 12.9% are 1-year bonds, 57% are 2 to 3-year bonds, and 30.1% are long-term bonds of 5 years or more [1]

Core Viewpoint - Current market sentiment is described as "cautiously optimistic in a high-risk era" by DWS's Chief Investment Officer Vincenzo Vedda [1] Group 1: Market Valuation and Performance - U.S. stock valuations are high, but the distribution of this year's "leading stocks" is more balanced compared to previous years, which is beneficial for the market [1] - The performance of companies in the S&P 500, excluding technology and financial sectors, may be disappointing [1] Group 2: Economic Concerns - Expected fiscal stimulus measures have not materialized as anticipated, and the outlook for public debt is increasingly viewed as an economic burden [1] - Current valuations of stocks and corporate bonds are generally high, indicating low tolerance for negative news, which could lead to rapid declines in asset prices if adverse information arises [1]

Group 1 - DWS's Chief Investment Officer Vincenzo Vedda expects an increase in bond prices in the US and Eurozone, leading to a decline in yields [1] - Weak US labor market data may prompt the Federal Reserve to consider early interest rate cuts, but it is premature to claim that US Treasuries have lost their appeal to international investors [1] - Ongoing uncertainties from US-Russia tensions and trade conflicts may lead the European Central Bank to further reduce interest rates [1] Group 2 - Current market sentiment is described as "cautiously optimistic in a high-risk era," with a more balanced distribution of leading stocks compared to previous years [1] - Despite high valuations in the US stock market, the performance of companies outside the technology and financial sectors in the S&P 500 may be disappointing [1] - High valuations in both stocks and corporate bonds indicate low tolerance for negative news, suggesting that asset prices could decline rapidly upon adverse developments [1]

Core Insights - Serbia's public debt decreased to €38.55 billion by the end of June 2025, representing a reduction of €320 million compared to the end of 2024 [1] - The debt-to-GDP ratio fell to 43.7%, a decline of 3.5 percentage points from the previous year [1] Debt Overview - Total public debt as of June 2025 stands at €38.55 billion [1] - The reduction in debt size indicates a positive trend in fiscal management [1] Economic Impact - The decrease in debt-to-GDP ratio suggests improved economic stability and potential for future growth [1] - The significant drop in the debt ratio may enhance investor confidence in Serbia's economic policies [1]

Core Insights - Ghana's public debt decreased by 139 billion cedis in the first half of 2025, from 752.1 billion cedis at the beginning of the year to 613 billion cedis by the end of June [1] - External debt reached 300.3 billion cedis (approximately 29.1 billion USD), accounting for 21.4% of GDP, while domestic debt fell to 312.7 billion cedis, representing 22.3% of GDP [1] - Despite the reduction in debt, economists warn of structural risks due to heavy reliance on external financing, which could reverse the current progress if the cedi depreciates significantly or global financial conditions tighten [1]

Core Viewpoint - Germany's public debt is projected to reach a record €2.5105 trillion by the end of 2024, marking a 2.6% increase from €2.4451 trillion at the end of 2023 [1] Debt Composition - The public debt includes liabilities from the federal government, states, municipalities, municipal associations, and social security [1] - Municipalities and municipal associations have seen a continuous increase for the fifth consecutive year, with a growth rate of 10.3%, totaling €170.5 billion [1] - Federal government debt has increased by 2.1%, reaching €1.7327 trillion [1] Per Capita Debt - As of the end of 2024, the per capita debt for Germans is estimated at €30,062, which is an increase of €669 from the previous year [1] Future Fiscal Challenges - Reports indicate that the German federal government faces a budget gap of approximately €172 billion for the years 2027 to 2029, which will be a core challenge for fiscal policy in the coming years [1]

Group 1 - Novo Nordisk's stock price fell over 21% on July 29, with its weight loss drug Wegovy facing weak growth expectations in the U.S. market [3][4] - The company revised its full-year sales and profit guidance downwards, projecting sales growth of 8% to 14%, compared to the previous target of 13% to 21% [4] - Novo Nordisk's operating profit is now expected to grow by 10% to 16%, down from earlier expectations of 21% and 24% [4] Group 2 - The decline in expectations is attributed to competition from cheaper generic versions of Wegovy and overall market growth being lower than anticipated [4] - Analysts are beginning to question the short-term and long-term outlook for the company in the obesity treatment sector, which has seen inflated expectations [4] - Novo Nordisk announced the appointment of Maziar Mike Doustdar as the new CEO, replacing Lars Fruergaard Jorgensen, who was unexpectedly removed in May [5]

Group 1 - The global economy is at a crossroads, facing significant uncertainty due to trade disruptions that may reshape economic relationships that have sustained global prosperity for decades [1] - Policymakers play a crucial role in maintaining economic stability, requiring coordinated actions to uphold public trust and ensure sustainable growth [1][2] - The anticipated rise in global tariff levels could reach heights not seen in decades, severely impacting global economic growth and inflation, particularly in an already challenged environment [1][3] Group 2 - Trade fragmentation exacerbates structural challenges, with productivity growth stagnating and demographic issues like aging populations hindering economic vitality [3] - Public debt levels in many countries have surged to post-World War II highs, making economies vulnerable to shocks and increasing inflationary pressures [3][4] - Sustainable public finances are essential for long-term prosperity, necessitating the reduction of large deficits and the rebuilding of fiscal buffers to withstand future economic shocks [4] Group 3 - The global financial system has undergone profound structural changes, with government bond markets and asset management firms becoming central, posing risks to financial stability [4][5] - Regulatory measures must be comprehensive, ensuring that both banking and non-banking institutions adhere to strict standards to enhance resilience against economic shocks [5] - Trust in policymakers' ability to maintain public interest is critical for achieving price stability and addressing underlying vulnerabilities in the economy [5]