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盛松成:中国货币政策“小步走”可能性较大,降准还有较大空间
Xin Lang Cai Jing· 2026-01-10 14:21
1月10日,中国首席经济学家论坛研究院院长、中欧国际工商学院教授、中国人民银行调查统计司原司长盛松成在2026中国首席 经济学家论坛年会上表示,中国货币政策"小步走"的可能性较大。 (资料图) 南方财经 21世纪经济报道记者吴斌 报道 货币政策一般针对中短期目标。盛松成表示,在面临较多不确定性时,货币政策更需要"摸着石头过河",并且货币政策从实施 到影响经济存在一定时滞。 与财政政策可以直接介入经济活动不同,货币政策一般是间接发挥作用的,需要私人部门、商业银行及整个金融体系的配合, 其实施效果在相当程度上受市场反馈的影响。 货币政策传导机制也比财政政策复杂,传导途径一般较长。如中国近年来逐步形成"政策利率(OMO利率)→贷款市场报价利 率(LPR)→实际贷款利率"的货币政策传导机制,中央银行难以精准控制每一个环节。 盛松成还表示,中国货币政策工具箱日趋丰富。央行正在不断增强政策利率的作用,通过各类流动性支持工具、二级市场国债 买卖等方式投放流动性和调节资金成本,能有效平抑市场短期波动。 降准优于降息 降准是中国货币政策配合财政政策的主要手段之一。盛松成表示,降准将增加商业银行可自由使用的资金,从而更好地支持积 ...
盛松成:中国货币政策“小步走”可能性较大 降准还有较大空间
1月10日,中国首席经济学家论坛研究院院长、中欧国际工商学院教授、中国人民银行调查统计司原司 长盛松成在2026中国首席经济学家论坛年会上表示,中国货币政策"小步走"的可能性较大。 货币政策一般针对中短期目标。盛松成表示,在面临较多不确定性时,货币政策更需要"摸着石头过 河",并且货币政策从实施到影响经济存在一定时滞。 与财政政策可以直接介入经济活动不同,货币政策一般是间接发挥作用的,需要私人部门、商业银行及 整个金融体系的配合,其实施效果在相当程度上受市场反馈的影响。 货币政策传导机制也比财政政策复杂,传导途径一般较长。如中国近年来逐步形成"政策利率(OMO利 率)→贷款市场报价利率(LPR)→实际贷款利率"的货币政策传导机制,中央银行难以精准控制每一 个环节。 盛松成还表示,中国货币政策工具箱日趋丰富。央行正在不断增强政策利率的作用,通过各类流动性支 持工具、二级市场国债买卖等方式投放流动性和调节资金成本,能有效平抑市场短期波动。 降准优于降息 盛松成分析称,中国以降准为主,而不大幅降息,原因之一可能是商业银行的息差压力。截至2025年三 季度末,商业银行净息差为1.42%,处于历史低位。目前中国金融机构 ...
财政赤字率4%够吗?|请回答,2026
经济观察报· 2026-01-05 09:36
2026年作为"十五五"开局之年,在经济增长目标上起到积极 的定调效果,与此同时,考虑到在需求不足的背景下,财政政 策的效果大于货币政策,起效较快,需要进一步发挥承托作 用。 作者:杜涛 封图:图虫创意 2026年的财政赤字率是多少?部分的学者认为应该不会低于4%。 12月10日至11日在北京举行的中央经济工作会议提出,要继续实施更加积极的财政政策。保持必 要的财政赤字、债务总规模和支出总量,加强财政科学管理,优化财政支出结构,规范税收优惠、 财政补贴政策。12月27日至28日召开的全国财政工作会议指出,2026年继续实施更加积极的财 政政策。扩大财政支出盘子,确保必要支出力度。 积极的财政政策又称为扩张性财政政策,一般表现为扩大赤字规模和减税降费。 2025年赤字率按4%左右安排,比2024年提高1个百分点,赤字规模56600亿元,其中中央财政 赤字48600亿元、地方财政赤字8000亿元。以此为基准,2026年财政赤字规模肯定要超过 56600亿元。随着GDP的增长,就算是赤字率保持不变,其绝对赤字规模也会随之增长,也意味 着支出盘子规模的扩大。 从广义中央财政支出观察,2025年新增地方政府专项债务限额 ...
财政赤字率4%打的住吗?
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2026-01-04 09:21
记者 杜涛 2026年的财政赤字率是多少?部分的学者认为应该不会低于4%。 12月10日至11日在北京举行的中央经济工作会议提出,要继续实施更加积极的财政政策。保持必要的财政赤字、债务总规模和支出总量,加强财政科学管 理,优化财政支出结构,规范税收优惠、财政补贴政策。12月27日至28日召开的全国财政工作会议指出,2026年继续实施更加积极的财政政策。扩大财政支 出盘子,确保必要支出力度。 积极的财政政策又称为扩张性财政政策,一般表现为扩大赤字规模和减税降费。 2025年赤字率按4%左右安排,比2024年提高1个百分点,赤字规模56600亿元,其中中央财政赤字48600亿元、地方财政赤字8000亿元。以此为基准,2026年 财政赤字规模肯定要超过56600亿元。随着GDP的增长,就算是赤字率保持不变,其绝对赤字规模也会随之增长,也意味着支出盘子规模的扩大。 从广义中央财政支出观察,2025年新增地方政府专项债务限额44000亿元,还增发了1.3万亿元的特别长期国债以及用于隐性债务置换的2万亿元专项债——2 万亿新增专项债是"10万亿化债方案"中的一部分,2025年是这一方案实施的第二年,这一方案包括连续5年每 ...
汇丰刘晶预计2026年中国降准50BP,财政赤字率或维持4%
从财政政策来看,中央经济工作会议提出要保持必要的财政赤字。汇丰预计,2026年中国的财政赤字率 目标或维持在4%这一相对较高的水平。地方政府专项债和特别国债的发行规模亦可能与2025年的水平 相当,以支持消费和重大项目投资。新型政策性金融工具或将继续发挥"准财政"工具的作用。而从货币 政策来看,2026 年或仍有继续降息20个基点的空间,并可能降准50个基点。中经记者 郝亚娟 夏欣 上海 北京报道 【汇丰银行刘晶:预计2026年中国将降准50BP】近日,汇丰发布2026年新年经济展望,预计全球经济 增速将在2026年保持平稳,贸易出口增速或将放缓,人工智能领域的强劲投资将为未来两年内的投资和 贸易增长提供一定支撑。 汇丰银行环球投资研究大中华区首席经济学家刘晶指出,得益于2024年第四季度以来推出的一系列宽松 政策对经济活动的托举,以及出口韧性提供的支持,预计中国将顺利实现2025年全年经济5%左右的增 速目标。2026年是"十五五"规划的开局之年,中国经济将继续推进结构性转型并保持合理增长,在进出 口更加趋于平衡的同时,包括消费和投资在内的国内需求将成为驱动增长的主要动能。 ...
前11个月广义财政支出超收入近10万亿
Di Yi Cai Jing Zi Xun· 2025-12-26 02:31
2025.12.26 根据财政部数据,今年前11个月广义财政(全国一般公共预算和全国政府性基金预算)收入为240790亿 元,同比下降约0.2%;广义财政支出340662亿元,同比增长约4.5%;广义财政支出超出收入99872亿 元,同比增长约17.9%。 上述广义财政收入并不包括中央对地方转移支付、债务等收入,一般来说算上各类收入,最终财政收支 能达到平衡。 今年前11个月广义财政收入与去年同期基本持平情形下,广义财政支出保持4.5%增速,与今年经济增 速(5%左右)相近。这体现了今年更加积极财政政策落地,发挥财政政策稳增长、扩内需、惠民生的 重要作用,财政支出保持一定力度,也能推动今年经济平稳运行。 今年以来广义财政收入接近于年初官方预期。 根据《关于2024年中央和地方预算执行情况与2025年中央和地方预算草案的报告》(下称《报告》), 2025年全年广义财政收入预计增长约0.2%,而目前前11个月实际下降约0.2%,实际增速与预计增速相 近。 本文字数:1647,阅读时长大约3分钟 作者 |第一财经 陈益刊 根据财政部数据,今年前11个月,全国政府性基金预算收入同比下降4.9%,低于年初0.7%增速预 ...
2025 年 11 月财政数据点评:广义财政仍需加力
Revenue Insights - In the first eleven months of 2025, the national general public budget revenue grew by 0.8% year-on-year, with November's revenue flat compared to the same month in 2024, marking a marginal decline from October's 3.2% growth[10] - Tax revenue increased by 1.8% year-on-year for the same period, with November's growth at 2.8%, down from 8.6% in October, primarily due to a higher base effect[12] - Corporate income tax revenue saw a significant decline, turning negative year-on-year, while individual income tax and value-added tax revenues performed relatively well[12] Expenditure Trends - General public budget expenditure grew by 1.4% year-on-year in the first eleven months of 2025, with November's expenditure declining by 3.7%, an improvement from October's 9.8% decline[15] - Central and local fiscal expenditures in November showed year-on-year growth rates of 4.9% and -5.1%, respectively, indicating a recovery in central spending despite a contraction in local spending[15] Government Fund Dynamics - Government fund budget revenue decreased by 4.9% year-on-year in the first eleven months, with November's revenue down by 15.8%, largely due to a slowdown in the real estate market[19] - Government fund budget expenditure increased by 13.7% year-on-year, with November's growth at 2.8%, a significant recovery from October's -38.2%[19] Policy Outlook - The fiscal policy remains tight, with moderate revenue growth placing constraints on expenditure, necessitating a focus on enhancing internal demand for revenue improvement[20] - The decision-makers plan to implement a more proactive fiscal policy in 2026, with an expected deficit rate of around 4%, emphasizing structural optimization and improved fund efficiency[20]
明年财政赤字将如何安排?
Zheng Quan Shi Bao· 2025-12-16 18:11
财政赤字是支出总量超过收入总量的部分,从明年财政收支形势看,明年保民生、稳就业、扩内需等领 域需要强化保障,培育新质生产力、加强生态环境保护等重点支出持续增长,政府债务还本付息支出压 力犹在。同时,财政收入正处于温和回升阶段,但仍受到需求不足、价格水平有待提升等因素掣肘。总 体看,明年财政收支紧平衡态势延续,刚性支出只增不减,财政赤字规模需适度增加以满足国家重大战 略任务实施、兜牢基层"三保"底线等重点任务的资金需求。 财政政策作为宏观调控的主要手段,通过预算、政府债券、税收等工具组合,发挥扩大总需求和定向调 结构的双重优势,实现经济质的有效提升和量的合理增长。在中央经济工作会议提出"保持必要的财政 赤字、债务总规模和支出总量"的总体要求后,市场对明年财政赤字率的设定高度关注。 财政赤字是衡量全年财政政策力度和财政风险水平的重要指标,直接关系到年内政府支出规模。目前, 市场机构与业内人士对财政赤字率的预期较为一致,预计明年赤字率不低于今年水平,即不低于4%。 该赤字率水平既能延续财政扩张态势,又避免了债务风险过快累积。 财政赤字率是社会各界观察宏观政策力度的风向标,从稳定市场预期角度看,"十五五"开局之年的财 ...
超长债修复行情结束了吗?
Founder Securities· 2025-12-14 09:21
1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - This week, the bond market showed a "V" - shaped trend under the influence of policy expectations and sentiment. The central economic work conference boosted the market's loose expectations, but the long - end interest rate decline may be restricted by the economic recovery expectation. The bond market is expected to have a short - term repair, and the mid - term trend depends on policy implementation [1][5]. - In November, various economic data improved marginally compared with the previous month. Low inflation leaves room for monetary policy, and the bond market benefits from loose expectations [4]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs 3.1 Weekly Discussion: Has the Ultra - Long Bond Repair Market Ended? 3.1.1 Weekly Review - This week, the bond market's trend was dominated by policy expectations, showing a rise - then - fall pattern. The 30 - year treasury bond yield declined initially but rebounded sharply on Friday. Institutional behaviors were diverse, and market sentiment fluctuated rapidly between optimism and caution [11]. - Yields of different - maturity bonds showed mixed changes. Compared with the previous week, the yield of the 1 - year treasury bond active bond decreased slightly, while the 10 - year treasury bond active bond yield increased slightly [12]. 3.1.2 Trading Disk: Buying Power Rebounded under Policy Signal Stimulation - Driven by the loose policy expectations, institutional behaviors changed significantly. Large - scale banks increased their net purchases of interest - rate bonds, while rural commercial banks turned to net selling. Funds shifted from net selling to net buying, and wealth management products maintained a defensive stance [2][15]. 3.1.3 Impact of the Central Economic Work Conference on the Bond Market - The conference strengthened the loose expectations. The monetary policy may implement reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts at the end of this year or in the first quarter of next year. The fiscal policy is expected to be relatively stable, and the bond supply pressure may be less than this year, which supports the bond market [3][22]. - In the short term, the loose expectations boost the bond market sentiment, and the ultra - long bonds start a weak repair market. In the medium term, if policies are implemented, the market interest rate will be pushed down, but the long - end interest rate decline may be restricted [5][24]. 3.1.4 November Import and Export Data Rebounded Significantly Year - on - Year due to the Base Effect - In November, foreign trade data showed that exports turned positive, and the trade surplus rebounded significantly. Exports to the EU and emerging markets increased, while the decline in exports to the US expanded. The recovery of foreign trade is affected by multiple factors, and the future may show a pattern of multi - market support and moderate recovery [25][28]. 3.1.5 November CPI Year - on - Year Recovery Accelerated - In November, inflation data showed that CPI increased year - on - year, food CPI turned positive, and PPI decreased slightly year - on - year but stabilized month - on - month. The low - inflation environment leaves room for monetary policy, and the bond market can benefit from loose expectations [29][34]. 3.1.6 Corporate Financing Demand Increased Marginally, while Household Financing Demand Remained Weak - In November, financial data showed that social financing increased significantly, and credit turned positive, but the structure was differentiated. Corporate medium - and long - term loans increased, while household loans remained weak. The future financial data may continue the trend of "total volume recovery and structural optimization" [35][37]. 3.1.7 Next Week and Future Outlook - Next week, there will be a large - scale OMO 7 - day reverse repurchase maturity, and the government bond net payment scale is not large. The inter - bank certificate of deposit maturity is over 1 trillion. The DR007 may rise slightly during the tax period, but overall, the funds are stable [38]. - In the short term, the loose expectations boost the bond market sentiment, and the ultra - long bonds start a repair market. In the medium term, if policies are implemented, the bond market will benefit, but the long - end interest rate decline may be restricted. The strategy suggests short - term bargain - hunting for ultra - long bonds and medium - and long - term "dumbbell - shaped allocation" [5][40]. 3.2 Weekly Tracking of Interest - Rate Bond Data 3.2.1 Weekly Liquidity Tracking - The data shows the central bank's open - market operations, including reverse repurchase, MLF, and other operations, as well as the trends of repurchase funds and inter - bank certificate of deposit issuance and maturity [42]. 3.2.2 Weekly Bond Valuation Tracking - The report provides the absolute interest rate levels, historical quantiles, interest rate changes, variety spreads, and term spreads of different - type bonds in the current week and the previous week [57][61][62]. 3.2.3 After - Tax Yield Atlas of Bonds Invested by Funds and Banks - Relevant charts show the after - tax yields of major bond types invested by funds and banks on December 6, 2025 [71][74]. 3.2.4 Weekly Tracking of Institutional Behaviors - The data shows the trading scale of different institutional investors in different types of bonds in different weeks, reflecting the changes in institutional behaviors [76].
专访施正文:明年赤字率预计会维持在4%左右或略有提升│解读中央经济工作会议
Mei Ri Jing Ji Xin Wen· 2025-12-11 15:46
12月10日至11日,中央经济工作会议在北京召开。 会议指出,要继续实施更加积极的财政政策。保持必要的财政赤字、债务总规模和支出总量,加强财政 科学管理,优化财政支出结构,规范税收优惠、财政补贴政策。 会议强调,要适当增加中央预算内投资规模,优化实施"两重"项目,优化地方政府专项债券用途管理。 积极有序化解地方政府债务风险,督促各地主动化债,不得违规新增隐性债务。优化债务重组和置换办 法,多措并举化解地方政府融资平台经营性债务风险。 明年超长期特别国债规模预计跟今年持平或略有增长 NBD:这次中央经济工作会议提到,要保持必要的财政赤字、债务总规模和支出总量。国际上有一个 3%赤字率警戒线的说法,您认为明年财政赤字率可能在什么范围? 施正文:赤字率提高是实施更加积极的财政政策的一项重要内容。根据去年赤字率及当前经济形势判 断,2026年的赤字率预计不会低于4%,可能会维持在4%左右或略有提升。 2025年的经济形势达到预期,仍在恢复中,明年扩内需依旧需要财政支出持续发力。赤字率的提高意味 着可以有更充足的财力,政府就可以加大财政支出强度。而且,经济环境面临挑战的时候,我们还需 要"放水养鱼",所以可能还会推出一 ...