Core Points - The European Union (EU) has reached an agreement among its member states on the greenhouse gas emission reduction target for 2040, aiming for a 90% reduction, which includes 85% from internal reductions and 5% from international carbon credits [1] - The EU has submitted a new Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement, targeting a reduction of net emissions by 66.25% to 72.5% from 1990 levels by 2035 [1] - In 2024, the EU and its member states will provide €31.7 billion for climate financing to developing countries, along with an additional mobilization of €11 billion in private funds to support these countries in addressing climate change [1] - The EU is committed to achieving climate neutrality by 2050 and emphasizes its dedication to the goals of the Paris Agreement [1]

NDC交卷之年美国缺席 当前，科学界警示，全球气温正朝着暂时突破《巴黎协定》设定的1.5℃升温上限的方向发展。 在此背景下，COP30不仅将评估各国在减缓与适应行动中的集体进展，也将决定全球能否把"1.5摄氏度 目标"从科学共识转化为务实行动。 这也是此次COP30选择在世界最大热带雨林边缘召开会议的原因之一：亚马孙既是关键的碳汇，也是应 对森林砍伐和气候变化的前沿地带。 这是美方自1995年以来，首次缺席COP会议。 全球各地的外交官和气候专家正前往位于巴西北部亚马孙雨林地区的贝伦市，参加联合国气候谈判最新 一轮会议——《联合国气候变化框架公约》第30次缔约方大会（COP30），不过这些外交官中没有美方 高级官员。 当地时间11月10日，COP30开幕。一方面，今年是《巴黎协定》达成10周年，也是协定要求各协约方 提交新一轮、国家自主贡献（NDC）的"交卷之年"；另一方面，此前白宫发言人已经证实，美国不会 派高级代表参加COP30，这也是美方自1995年以来，首次缺席COP会议。 自然资源保护协会（NRDC）国际项目高级副总裁达格内特（Yamide Dagnet）对第一财经记者表示，尽 管全球合作面临压力， ...

0:00 当地时间11月6日至11月21日，贝伦气候峰会和《联合国气候变化框架公约》第三十次缔约方大会在巴西贝伦举行。 总台记者在会场内行走，可以感受到巴西主办方希望体现亚马孙地区特色的用意。从动物、植物到原住民文化，这是一次亚马孙风情的高度集中呈现。 本届气候变化大会在世界最大热带雨林边缘主办，这凸显了大会的重大意义：亚马孙既是关键的碳汇，也是应对森林砍伐和气候变化的前沿地带。与会代表 将审议各国气候计划，推进实现气候融资目标，加快实现向清洁经济的公正转型。 随着总台记者的镜头，一起感受亚马孙风情。（总台记者 冯丽） 责编：张青津、卢思宇 ...

新华社巴西贝伦11月7日电（记者赵焱吴昊）《联合国气候变化框架公约》秘书处执行秘书西蒙·斯蒂尔 7日表示，《巴黎协定》达成十年以来清洁能源革命正在蓬勃发展，但只有加强国际合作、加速集体行 动，才能有效应对气候变化。 斯蒂尔在当天举行的贝伦气候峰会"《巴黎协定》十周年：国家自主贡献和融资"主题会议上发表讲话， 充分肯定《巴黎协定》的作用，他同时指出，必须确保所有国家都能充分参与其中。 斯蒂尔说，如果没有那次充满勇气的集体行动，人类将走向一个无法挽回的局面，那便是全球气温失控 上升。现在升温曲线已得到控制，虽仍然危险，但表明气候合作是有效的。 斯蒂尔指出，十年来，全球清洁能源革命取得积极进展，去年可再生能源领域的投资额达到两万亿美 元，是化石燃料领域的两倍，全球新增能源装机容量的90%来自可再生能源。 斯蒂尔表示，《联合国气候变化框架公约》第二十九次缔约方大会设立了到2035年发达国家每年至少 3000亿美元的资金目标及每年至少1.3万亿美元的气候融资目标，"这一目标必须成为现实"，因为这关 乎共同利益，是对稳定与繁荣的投资。 斯蒂尔还说，气候解决方案投资能带来就业机会、更清洁的空气、更健康的身体、更具韧性的全球 ...

Core Points - The UN Secretary-General António Guterres emphasized the urgent need for global action to combat climate change, warning that the world has failed to keep temperature rise below 1.5 degrees Celsius [1][2] - Guterres called for significant emission reductions, accelerated fossil fuel phase-out, and increased investments in adaptation and resilience over the next decade [1][2] - A clear and credible path for climate financing, particularly for developing countries, is essential, with a target of providing $1.3 trillion annually by 2035 [2][3] Group 1 - Guterres highlighted the severe socio-economic consequences of rising global temperatures and the potential for catastrophic impacts on ecosystems and human habitation [1] - Immediate large-scale actions are necessary to minimize temperature rise and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, transitioning to net-negative emissions thereafter [1] - The importance of international collaboration and a bold, credible response plan was stressed, including the development of renewable energy and modern energy infrastructure [2] Group 2 - Developing countries require a fair and just climate justice framework post-COP30 to ensure dignity and opportunities [3] - Guterres urged that the upcoming COP30 should be a turning point in the global response to the climate crisis, advocating for alignment with scientific recommendations and justice for future generations [3]

Core Points - The Belem Climate Summit, hosted by Brazil, aims to unite countries and international organizations to accelerate actions against the climate crisis [1][2] - Key topics include climate and nature, energy transition, assessment of the Paris Agreement's tenth anniversary, national contributions, and climate financing [1] - UN Secretary-General Guterres emphasizes the need for faster and more effective actions, particularly from wealthier nations, to reverse the current climate situation [1] - Brazilian President Lula highlights energy transition and nature protection as the most effective ways to combat global warming, advocating for science to guide decision-making [1] - French President Macron stresses the importance of respecting scientific evidence in climate issues and calls for increased clean energy investment and financing mechanisms for developing countries [1] Group 1 - The Belem Climate Summit serves as a political direction for the upcoming COP30 negotiations [1] - The summit's discussions are centered around the urgency of climate action and the need for international cooperation [1][2] - Leaders are calling for a unified approach to fulfill existing climate goals and find equitable solutions to the climate crisis [2]

Group 1 - The Brazilian government has decided to temporarily move the capital from Brasília to Belém from November 11 to 21 to host the COP30 conference [1] - COP30 is the 30th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), aimed at stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere [1] - The focus of COP30 will be on transforming commitments into actionable steps, emphasizing collaboration among nations for a prosperous, safe, and resilient future [1] Group 2 - The World Resources Institute (WRI) states that COP30 could drive significant change if substantial outcomes are achieved, building on the commitments made at COP29 [2] - COP29 established a goal for developed countries to provide at least $300 billion annually by 2035 to support developing nations in addressing climate change, with a long-term target of $1.3 trillion per year [2] - The "Baku to Belém Roadmap" is a joint plan to achieve the $1.3 trillion goal, requiring countries to establish national platforms for coordinating diverse climate funding [2] Group 3 - There is an expectation for countries to set more ambitious emission reduction targets aligned with their net-zero goals during the conference [3] - Key sectors such as energy, agriculture, and transportation are anticipated to undergo systematic transformations [3] - The conference aims to send a positive political signal supporting the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement, emphasizing the irreversible trend towards global green and low-carbon transformation [3]

Core Viewpoint - The upcoming COP30 conference is facing significant challenges as key economic players show a lack of commitment to climate action, with only 64 out of 178 parties submitting new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), covering approximately 30% of global emissions from 2019 [2][4]. Group 1: NDC Submissions and Global Commitment - A total of 64 parties have announced or submitted new NDC reports for the period from January 1, 2024, to September 30, 2025, which represents about 30% of the 2019 global emissions [2][4]. - The United States has withdrawn from the Paris Agreement again, raising doubts among developing countries about the reliability of commitments made by developed nations [2][4]. - The European Union is struggling with its NDC3.0 submission, which has not yet materialized, despite previous commitments to submit before COP30 [2][5]. Group 2: China's NDC Submission - China officially submitted its 2035 NDC report on November 3, 2023, aligning its climate action goals with national development objectives [3]. - The NDC serves as a core compliance mechanism under the Paris Agreement, allowing countries to propose climate action targets based on their national circumstances [3]. Group 3: Challenges in Climate Financing - Developing countries face a significant funding gap for climate action, with a total of approximately $3.4 trillion needed for climate actions by 2030, while only $608.4 billion has been secured [12][13]. - The COP30 aims to address the structural bottleneck of "overabundance of funds, shortage of projects," as many climate goals lack sufficient financing projects [7][8]. - The need for private capital and market mechanisms is emphasized, as the target of $1.3 trillion in climate financing highlights the importance of private investment to complement public funding [13][18]. Group 4: Public-Private Collaboration - The success of COP30 hinges on the ability to translate past commitments into concrete actions, with a focus on executing the details of climate agreements [7][14]. - Public-private partnerships (PPP) are highlighted as a viable model for attracting private investment into climate projects, where government provides policy support and infrastructure, while private sectors handle operational aspects [19]. - The Asian Development Bank aims to leverage its climate funding to attract more social capital, emphasizing the need for effective risk management and policy frameworks to encourage private investment [18][19].

Core Viewpoint - The global net-zero action is at a critical turning point, transitioning from framework construction to substantial implementation. Despite progress in multilateral mechanisms, issues such as funding gaps, technological barriers, geopolitical conflicts, and capacity shortcomings still hinder cooperation effectiveness. Strengthening climate finance, promoting technology sharing, building inclusive international frameworks, and enhancing governance capabilities are essential to ensure global emission reduction targets are met by 2030 and to lay a solid foundation for the 2050 net-zero vision [1][2]. Group 1: Progress in Global Net-Zero Actions - International cooperation on net-zero actions is deepening, with significant advancements in China-Europe and China-UK collaborations. Since 2015, Chinese financial institutions have issued over $12 billion in green and sustainable development bonds through the London Stock Exchange. In 2023, Bank of China issued a $600 million green bond, with funds allocated to green credit projects in the UK, France, and the Netherlands [3]. - Developing countries are enhancing climate cooperation, with China emerging as a major climate finance provider through initiatives like the Belt and Road and South-South cooperation. In 2020, China ranked 11th globally in climate funding, providing approximately $34.3 billion from 2013 to 2021 to support the transition to low-carbon economies [3]. - The Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ) aims to encourage financial institutions to commit to net-zero targets, providing a unified framework and tools for developing scientific transition plans. By the end of 2024, 122 member banks are expected to have voluntarily disclosed their net-zero targets [3]. Group 2: Enhancing Technical Cooperation and Standard Coordination - Efforts are underway to unify carbon market standards and enhance transparency. The World Sustainable Development Standards Organization (WSSO) is working on global energy and carbon neutrality standards, while the G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group suggests establishing a universal carbon credit data model [4]. - The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) has released global benchmarks for climate-related disclosures, gaining recognition from the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) and being adopted in various regions [4]. - International cooperation through the World Bank and IMF is aimed at enhancing countries' capacities to address climate change, with multiple climate data platforms established to support scientific research and policy-making [4]. Group 3: Challenges and Issues in Global Net-Zero Actions - A significant funding gap exists, with developed countries' climate finance commitments under the Paris Agreement only being met in 2022, providing $115.9 billion, primarily in loans. The UN Climate Change Conference (COP28) anticipates a funding gap of $5.9 trillion for developing countries by 2030 [5]. - The distribution of climate financing is uneven, with regions like Africa receiving only 2% of global clean energy investments despite representing 20% of the population. This imbalance hampers the ability of developing countries to transition to clean energy [5]. - There is a credibility crisis regarding corporate net-zero commitments, with many lacking clarity and relying on low-quality carbon offset projects. Some fossil fuel companies use "net-zero" claims to mask expansion plans, raising concerns about the integrity of these commitments [5]. Group 4: Shortcomings in Awareness and Capacity Among Relevant Entities - Many net-zero targets are voluntary and lack enforceability, with surveys indicating that 28% of companies have no decarbonization plans for the next year, and 23% lack confidence in achieving 2050 targets [7]. - Local financial institutions often lack awareness and initiative regarding net-zero actions, focusing on profit growth rather than understanding national emission reduction goals [7]. - Policy transmission is obstructed, with banks having a stronger influence on small and medium enterprises, which are not major carbon emitters. This limits the effectiveness of banks in promoting net-zero actions [7].

Core Viewpoint - The "Zero Carbon Mission International Climate Summit 2025" aims to gather insights and strategies for addressing climate change, supporting China's carbon neutrality vision and global emission reduction goals [1] Group 1: COP30 Conference - The 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change will be held in Belém, Brazil, in November 2025, viewed as a crucial summit for implementation and action following the Paris Agreement [3] - The conference will take place in a tropical forest ecological zone, emphasizing the link between climate stability and forest integrity [3] Group 2: Brazil's Priorities - Brazil has outlined three priorities for COP30: defending multilateralism, making climate issues relevant to people's lives, and promoting the implementation of commitments [4] - Brazil aims to reaffirm confidence in multilateral cooperation under the UNFCCC framework, highlighting the need for ambition, credibility, and transparency [3] Group 3: Climate Financing - Brazil plans to mobilize $1.3 trillion annually for climate financing for developing countries, focusing on practical guidelines rather than negotiation texts [4] - The "Global Forest Fund" (Tropical Forest Forever Facility, TFFF) was proposed to create a permanent mechanism for rewarding countries that protect tropical forests, with a target of raising $25 billion in sponsorship capital and $100 billion in investments [5] Group 4: Economic Incentives - The TFFF aims to reverse the economic logic that favors forest destruction over protection, making preserved forests economically valuable [5] - At least 20% of payments from the TFFF will directly benefit indigenous peoples and local communities, with Brazil committing $1 billion to the fund, marking the largest single contribution from a developing country [5]