文/清华大学五道口金融学院讲席教授，国际金融与经济研究中心（CIFER）主 任 鞠建东 本文围绕中国式现代化建设目标，系统阐述实现该目标的四个关键体制改 革步骤：一是推进权力下 放至县（区）层级；二是建立健全社会保障托 底机制；三是制定促进人口长期均衡发展的生育支持 政策；四是构建"县 （区）、乡镇（街道）、村（社区）"三级联动的知识经济体系。 何为中国式现代化 根据2024年统计数据，新加坡人口规模为600万，人均GDP达9万美元；中国人口总量为14亿，人均GDP约1.3万美元，大致相当于新加坡水平的七分之 一。若以70万人作为县（区）平均人口基数，全国约对应2000个县（区）。 由此，中国式现代化的目标可理解为：在构建全国统一大市场的框架下，建成2000个"小新加坡"。具体而言，力争到2060年前后，即大约35年后，实现全 国2000个县（区）人均GDP平均值达到新加坡当前9万美元的发展水平。关于为何设定为2000个"小新加坡"而非200个或30余个，下文将进一步论证。 推进权力下放至县（区）层级 在这一结构中，中央经济代表全民利益，职能定位于维护全国统一大市场的稳定与发展；县（区）经济代表集体利益，职能 ...

每日经济新闻 NATIONAL BUSINESS DAILY .h. NBD · 图数馆 NBD Infographics 原 创 策 划 140万亿元新台阶背后的 规模以上高技术制造业增加值 占比升至17.1% 制造业增加值连续16年居世界首位 "业升级 最终消费支出对经济 增长贡献率超五成,达52.0% 成为增长主动力 消费者 民营经济促进法施行 海南自贸港全岛封关运作 改革开放深化 2025年12月各行业零售增速变化情况 (%) on በ - 2025年作为"十四五"收官之年，中国经济顶住内外 压力，以"GDP首破140万亿元、同比增长5.0%"的 成绩单，交出了一份量质齐升的答卷。国家统计局 用"稳、进、新、韧"四字概括全年走势,勾勒出了 中国式现代化进程中的经济发展脉络。 PART. 01 字号头 底盘扎实,关键指标向好 面对复杂严峻的内外环境,宏观政策精准发力,稳住经 济基本盘。 0 GDP 同比增长 140.1879 5.0% 万亿元 全国城镇 城镇调查 新增就业 失业率均值 1267 万人 5.2% 就业稳定 货物进出口 同比增长 总额 3.8% 454687亿元 8 2 1 2 3 8 我国 ...

铁路的价值不仅在于轨道的延伸，更体现着对互联互通、共同发展的追求。中国铁路正为世界现代化注 入更强劲动能 "中国为世界高铁建设树立了新的全球标准。"近日，美国媒体对中国高铁运营里程突破5万公里作出细 致解读，认为中国高铁网络的成功，为其他寻求完善自身铁路系统的国家树立了典范。 "5万公里"，不仅是一个数字的跨越，也是一座现代化的里程碑，为世界读懂中国之治、读懂中国式现 代化带给世界的"机遇清单"打开了一扇窗。 铁路的价值不仅在于轨道的延伸，更体现着对互联互通、共同发展的追求。今天，中国铁路正为世界现 代化注入更强劲动能。雅万高铁圆了印度尼西亚人民的"高铁梦"，带动沿线产业带加速崛起；中老铁路 让老挝变"陆锁国"为"陆联国"，创造了超10万个就业岗位；蒙内铁路重塑东非交通枢纽，通过公益帮 扶、社区共建改善沿线民生；正在建设的中吉乌铁路铺展着亚欧大陆互联互通的新图景……中国式现代 化追求的不是独善其身，而是通过加强国际合作，引领全球共同发展繁荣。有肯尼亚媒体指出，中国的 现代化叙事强调伙伴关系而非等级制度，强调合作而非依赖，为全球南方国家提供了一个独特而日益重 要的框架。 中国成果，世界共享。把蓝图变为现实，将愿 ...

Core Points - The successful Shenzhou-20 manned mission marks a significant milestone in China's space program, showcasing advancements in technology and national strength [1][2] - The mission involved astronauts Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie, who collectively spent over six months in space, setting a record for the longest single crew stay [1][2] - The mission included four spacewalks and the completion of over 120 tasks related to the construction and maintenance of the space station [1] - Chen Dong has become the first Chinese astronaut to exceed 400 days in space across multiple missions [2] Awards and Recognition - Chen Dong was awarded the "First-Class Space Merit Medal," while Chen Zhongrui and Wang Jie received the title of "Hero Astronaut" and the "Third-Class Space Merit Medal" respectively for their contributions [2] - The recognition highlights the dedication and teamwork of the astronauts and the broader support from scientists and military personnel involved in the mission [2] National Significance - The mission is seen as a demonstration of China's technological self-reliance and a boost to national pride and unity among the Chinese people [1][3] - The Central Committee calls for the promotion of the spirit of the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" and manned spaceflight, encouraging collective efforts towards modernization and national rejuvenation [3]

Core Points - The successful Shenzhou-20 manned mission marks a significant milestone in China's space program, showcasing advancements in technology and national strength [1][2] - Astronaut Chen Dong has become the first Chinese astronaut to exceed 400 days in space, highlighting the achievements of the crew [2] - The mission involved extensive operations, including four spacewalks and over 120 tasks related to the construction and maintenance of the space station [1] Group 1 - The Shenzhou-20 mission was launched on April 24, 2025, and the crew spent over six months in orbit, setting a record for the longest single crew stay in space for China [1] - The mission faced challenges, including a potential collision with space debris, which was managed effectively by the crew, demonstrating their training and composure [1] - The mission is seen as a step forward in China's goal of achieving high-level technological self-reliance and enhancing national pride [1][3] Group 2 - The Central Committee of the Communist Party, the State Council, and the Central Military Commission awarded Chen Dong the "First-Class Space Merit Medal" and honored Chen Zhongrui and Wang Jie with the title of "Hero Astronaut" and the "Third-Class Space Merit Medal" [2] - The achievements of the astronauts are celebrated as exemplary, reflecting their dedication and teamwork in advancing China's space exploration efforts [2][3] - The government calls for unity and perseverance among the people, encouraging them to draw inspiration from the astronauts' accomplishments to contribute to the modernization and rejuvenation of the nation [3]

国际媒体对中国的"专注力"作出分析：这不仅仅是一项成就，更代表了一种思维方式，"是一个国 家着眼于下一个世纪而非下一次选举进行建设的结果"。放眼全球，当一些国家受困于"否决政治"，难 以推进长期基础设施建设时，中国展现出了惊人的政策稳定性、连续性。这种超越周期的规划能力与执 行能力，让确定性和稳定性成为中国发展的一个鲜明标识。 "5万公里"背后，闪耀着人民至上的价值底色。仅"十四五"时期，就有富平、巴东、龙州等128个县 结束了不通高铁的历史。以不久前开通的西延高铁为例，这条让革命老区融入全国"一日交通圈"的线 路，将一本民生大账算得清清楚楚：它不仅让洛川的苹果、富平的柿饼能链接更大消费市场，更推动形 成产业协作新格局。中国不遗余力将高铁修进老区、山区，谋划的是区域协调与共同富裕的宏阔布 局。"现代化道路上一个都不能少"的庄严承诺，正铺展在广袤的大地上。 铁路的价值不仅在于轨道的延伸，更体现着对互联互通、共同发展的追求。中国铁路正为世界现代 化注入更强劲动能 "中国为世界高铁建设树立了新的全球标准。"近日，美国媒体对中国高铁运营里程突破5万公里作 出细致解读，认为中国高铁网络的成功，为其他寻求完善自身铁路系统 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significance of China's large population in driving economic and social development, highlighting the need to recognize and leverage demographic trends for sustainable modernization [1][2]. Population Size and Characteristics - China's population remains over 1.4 billion in 2025, with a GDP growth rate of 5%, maintaining its position as the world's second-largest economy [2]. - The labor force aged 16-59 is projected to exceed 850 million in 2025, accounting for over 60% of the total population, indicating a substantial labor resource pool [2]. - The elderly population (aged 60 and above) is expected to reach 323 million by 2025, making up 23% of the total population, reflecting a deepening aging society [3]. Demographic Trends - The trend of declining birth rates aligns with global patterns of demographic transition, where economic development leads to lower birth and death rates [4]. - China's aging population is a result of improved living standards and healthcare, with a notable correlation between economic development and population aging [5][6]. - Regional population changes reflect urbanization trends, with significant migration from rural to urban areas, enhancing economic activity in major city clusters [6][7]. Population Dividend - The article discusses the ongoing population dividend, characterized by quantity, quality, structure, and allocation advantages [8]. - Quantity and structural population dividends remain significant, despite a trend towards population reduction, with existing labor resources still substantial [8]. - Quality population dividends are emerging, driven by improvements in health and education, with average education years for the labor force projected to reach 11.3 years by 2025 [9]. - Allocation population dividends are expected to increase as labor mobility enhances the optimization of resource distribution across regions and industries [10].

"5万公里"背后，闪耀着人民至上的价值底色。仅"十四五"时期，就有富平、巴东、龙州等128个县结束 了不通高铁的历史。以不久前开通的西延高铁为例，这条让革命老区融入全国"一日交通圈"的线路，将 一本民生大账算得清清楚楚：它不仅让洛川的苹果、富平的柿饼能链接更大消费市场，更推动形成产业 协作新格局。中国不遗余力将高铁修进老区、山区，谋划的是区域协调与共同富裕的宏阔布局。"现代 化道路上一个都不能少"的庄严承诺，正铺展在广袤的大地上。 铁路的价值不仅在于轨道的延伸，更体现着对互联互通、共同发展的追求。今天，中国铁路正为世界现 代化注入更强劲动能。雅万高铁圆了印度尼西亚人民的"高铁梦"，带动沿线产业带加速崛起；中老铁路 让老挝变"陆锁国"为"陆联国"，创造了超10万个就业岗位；蒙内铁路重塑东非交通枢纽，通过公益帮 扶、社区共建改善沿线民生；正在建设的中吉乌铁路铺展着亚欧大陆互联互通的新图景……中国式现代 化追求的不是独善其身，而是通过加强国际合作，引领全球共同发展繁荣。有肯尼亚媒体指出，中国的 现代化叙事强调伙伴关系而非等级制度，强调合作而非依赖，为全球南方国家提供了一个独特而日益重 要的框架。 中国成果，世界共享 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of adhering to the Central Eight Regulations to strengthen the Party's work style and combat corruption, highlighting the ongoing efforts and achievements in promoting a clean and efficient governance environment in China [1][2][5]. Group 1: Implementation of Central Eight Regulations - In 2025, the Central Political Bureau conducted collective studies to enhance the implementation of the Central Eight Regulations and address the "Four Winds" issues, emphasizing the need for a long-term mechanism [3]. - The Party's work style is directly linked to its image and public trust, with significant changes noted since the introduction of the Eight Regulations, although some areas still show signs of regression [4][6]. - The Central Committee has prioritized education on the Eight Regulations, with Xi Jinping personally guiding the theme and direction of this initiative [4][5]. Group 2: Achievements and Public Response - There has been a notable response from Party organizations and the public, with over 250,000 violations of the Eight Regulations addressed from January to November 2025, indicating a strong commitment to reform [18]. - A survey indicated that 95.5% of respondents recognized the effectiveness of the Eight Regulations, and 92.2% felt that the Party's efforts positively influenced social conduct [21]. - The implementation of the Eight Regulations has led to a significant cultural shift, promoting a spirit of frugality and efficiency within government operations [19][20]. Group 3: Future Directions - The article outlines the ongoing commitment to deepen the implementation of the Eight Regulations, with a focus on maintaining a clean governance environment as China progresses towards modernization [22]. - The Central Committee plans to continue refining regulations and enhancing oversight to ensure that the principles of the Eight Regulations are ingrained in the Party's operations [21].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of the 14th Five-Year Plan in guiding China's economic and social development, highlighting the political advantages and strategic tasks outlined for the upcoming 15th Five-Year Plan [1][2][4]. Group 1: Five-Year Planning - The formulation and implementation of Five-Year Plans are considered a significant political advantage for the Party, reflecting its governance experience and ability to lead economic and social development [1][3]. - The 14th Five-Year Plan has seen China's economic total surpass 110 trillion, 120 trillion, 130 trillion, and 140 trillion yuan, marking a substantial growth trajectory [2]. - The 15th Five-Year Plan is positioned to address strategic tasks crucial for advancing Chinese-style modernization, emphasizing the need for a modern industrial system and technological self-reliance [4]. Group 2: Historical Context and Achievements - Since the founding of New China, the country has successfully implemented 14 Five-Year Plans, transitioning from an impoverished agricultural nation to the world's second-largest economy [2][3]. - Major achievements include significant technological breakthroughs and the establishment of comprehensive systems in education, social security, and healthcare, all supported by the Five-Year Plans [3]. Group 3: Strategic Tasks and Challenges - The 15th Five-Year Plan outlines strategic tasks that are expected to drive and support the modernization process, addressing complex changes in the development environment [4]. - The article stresses the need to leverage political advantages and implement central decisions effectively to overcome bottlenecks and enhance capabilities [4].