地方如何打造区域比较优势？ ——规划引领 破解地方同质化发展困局（四） 杨成长系全国政协委员、申万宏源证券研究所首席经济学家；龚芳系申万宏源证券研究所政策研究室主任、首席研究员；邹威系申万宏源证券研究所首席研究员 □地方打造区域比较优势，建议重点从区位优势、制度优势、市场优势和品牌优势四方面发力。其中，区位优势是城市发展的核心硬件基础，制度优势是提升城市 能级的重要软环境，市场优势是地区各类比较优势的综合体现，品牌优势是地区综合竞争力的重要表征，直接影响城市形象和吸引力 □区位优势近年来随着流量经济的快速发展与区域战略的深入推进，其内涵得以极大拓展。在此背景下，各地如何更好地发挥城市群的载体作用、抢占流量经济枢 纽节点地位，以及围绕沿海、沿边、沿江、沿线、沿带创新发展路径，已成为挖掘和培育区位优势的核心关键 □ 制度优势是区域竞争中的重要软实力，更是决定城市吸引力的核心因素。其不仅体现在构建市场化、法治化、国际化的营商环境上，更体现在支持数字经济发展 的软环境上，还体现在根植区域特色、激发创新活力的文化软实力等方面。建议各地在编制"十五五"规划时，要注重培育和打造制度优势，持续提升地方竞争的软 实力 □市场优 ...

Core Insights - The official renaming of the 13A line to the 18 line marks the completion of Beijing's subway network, which now includes lines 1 to 19, enhancing urban connectivity and transportation efficiency [2][3] Group 1: Historical Development - The Beijing subway began construction on July 1, 1965, with the first line opening for trial operation in January 1971, initially serving a daily passenger flow of only tens of thousands [2] - Over the years, the subway network has expanded significantly, with key milestones including the opening of the 2nd line in 2002, the 5th line in 2007, and the operational mileage surpassing 600 kilometers by the end of 2017 [2] - As of now, the total operational mileage exceeds 800 kilometers, with over 400 stations and a daily passenger volume exceeding 11 million, placing it among the world's leading subway systems [2] Group 2: Institutional Support and Planning - The success of the Beijing subway is attributed to strong institutional execution, which is crucial for overcoming the complexities of construction in a megacity [3] - The city has maintained a consistent and forward-looking approach to subway planning and construction, exemplified by the foresight in station designs that facilitate future expansions [3] - The integration of various payment methods, including paper tickets, transit cards, and QR codes, enhances user convenience and accessibility for both residents and tourists [3] Group 3: Economic and Social Impact - A well-developed transportation network is fundamental to the economic and social development of a city, significantly impacting residents' quality of life and the city's image [3] - The Beijing subway has become the preferred commuting method for residents and a popular choice for tourists visiting the city, reflecting its importance in urban mobility [3][4]